Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:Q9UIJ5 (Rec)
 58,342 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Chronic renal disease is an important clinical problem in dogs. Until recently, diffuse renal fibrosis with chronic renal failure has been attributed mainly to chronic interstitial nephritis, itself considered to be the end stage of acute leptospiral nephritis. A clinical and morphological analysis of eight cases of chronic glomerulonephritis is described and a comparison made with eight dogs suffering from severe chronic interstitial nephritis. Clinically and biochemically, the two diseases were virtually indistinguishable, both resulting in uraemia. A possible distinguishing feature of chronic interstitial nephritis was the anaemia which was absent from chronic glomerulonephritis cases. Morphologically, the two diseases appeared to be distinguishable on three grounds; the pattern and severity of fibrosis, the degree of fibrin deposition and the immunofluorescence findings.
Vet Rec 1976 Apr 10
PMID:Chronic renal failure in dogs: a comparative clinical and morphological study of chronic glomerulonephritis and chronic interstitial nephritis. 127 39

The cytoarchitecture and immunocytochemical distribution of neuropeptides (corticotropin-releasing factor, CRF; neuropeptide Y, NPY; oxytocin, OXY; vasopressin, VP; and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, VIP) were studied in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) in male and female ground squirrels of two species (Spermophilus tridecemlineatus and S. richardsonii). Immunoreactive (IR) perikarya were found in sections incubated with VP or VIP antisera. VP-IR cell bodies were seen in the dorsal and medial parts of the nucleus in colchicine-treated animals. IR fibers were distributed throughout the SCN. In the ventral part of the nucleus, VIP-IR cells were seen in untreated animals and were more pronounced in colchicine-treated animals. VIP-IR fibers and terminals form a dense plexus throughout the nucleus. Furthermore, NPY-IR terminals and fibers with multiple varicosities, but no IR perikarya, were present in the suprachiasmatic nuclei. Within the borders of the SCN, no cell bodies or fibers were stained with CRF or OXY antisera in any animal.
Anat Rec 1989 Dec
PMID:Immunohistochemical evidence for the presence of neuropeptides in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus of ground squirrels. 258 47

Renal dysplasia is reported in two adult horses in chronic renal failure. Renal dysplasia, complicated by severe interstitial pyelonephritis, was diagnosed on renal biopsy and confirmed on post mortem examination.
Vet Rec 1993 Mar 13
PMID:Renal dysplasia in two adult horses: clinical and pathological aspects. 846 3

Very little is known regarding structural and functional responses of the vascular bed of skeletal muscle to denervation and about the role of microcirculatory changes in the pathogenesis of post-denervation muscle atrophy. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the changes of the anatomical pattern of vascularization of the extensor digitorum longus muscle in WI/HicksCar rats 1, 2, 4, 7, 12, and 18 months following denervation of the limb. We found that the number of capillaries related to the number of muscle fibers, i.e. the capillary-to-fiber ratio (CFR), decreased by 88%, from 1.55 +/- 0.35 to 0.19 +/- 0.04, during the first 7 months after denervation and then slightly declined at a much lower rate during the next 11 months of observation to 10% of the CFR in normal muscle. Between months 2 and 4 after denervation, the CRF decreased by 2.4 times, from 58% to 24% of the control value. The loss of capillaries during the first 4 months following nerve transection was nearly linear and progressed with an average decrement of 4.16% per week. Electron microscopy demonstrated progressive degeneration of capillaries following nerve transection. In muscle cells close to degenerating capillaries, the loss of subsarcolemmal and intermyofibrillar mitochondria, local disassembly of myofibrils and other manifestations of progressive atrophy were frequently observed. The levels of devascularization and the degree of degenerative changes varied greatly within different topographical areas, resulting in significant heterogeneity of intercapillary distances and local capillary densities within each sample of denervated muscle. Perivascular and interstitial fibrosis that rapidly developed after denervation resulted in the spatial separation of blood vessels from muscle cells and their embedment in a dense lattice of collagen. As a result of this process, diffusion distances between capillaries and the surfaces of muscle fibers increased 10-400 times. Eighteen months after denervation most of the capillaries were heavily cushioned with collagen, and on the average 40% of the muscle cells were completely avascular. Devascularization of the tissue was accompanied by degeneration and death of muscle cells that had become embedded in a dense lattice of collagen. Immunofluorescent staining for the vascular isoform of alpha-actin revealed preservation of major blood vessels and a greater variability in thickness of their medial layer. Hyperplastic growth of the medial layer in some blood vessels resulted in narrowing of their lumens. By the end of month 7 after denervation, large deposits of collagen around arterioles often exceeded their diameters. Identification of oxidative muscle fibers after immunostaining for slow-twitch myosin, as well as using ultrastructural criteria, has shown that after 2 months of denervation oxidative muscle fibers were less susceptible to atrophy than glycolytic fibers. The lower rate of atrophy of type I muscle fibers at early stages of denervation may be explained by their initially better vascularization in normal muscle and their higher capacity to retain capillaries shortly after denervation. Thus, degeneration and loss of capillaries after denervation occurs more rapidly than the loss of muscle fibers, which results in progressive decrease of the CFR in denervated muscle. The change of capillary number in denervated muscle is biphasic: the phase of a rapid decrease of the CFR during the first 7 months after nerve transection is followed by the phase of stabilization. The presence of areas completely devoid of capillaries in denervated muscle and the virtual absence of such areas in normal muscle indicate the development of foci of regional hypoxia during long-term denervation. The anatomical pattern of muscle microvascularization changes dramatically after nerve transection. Each muscle fiber in normal muscle directly contacts on average 3-5 capillaries. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED)
Anat Rec 2000 03 01
PMID:Remodeling of the vascular bed and progressive loss of capillaries in denervated skeletal muscle. 1070 50

A retrospective study was carried out on the efficacy of seven commercial diets designed to be fed to cats with chronic renal failure. The median survival time of 175 cats that received conventional diets was seven months, whereas the median survival time of 146 cats given one of the seven diets was 16 months. The cats on the most effective of the diets had a median survival time of 23 months and those on the least effective diet had a median survival time of 12 months. The composition of the seven diets was comparable, except that the most effective diet had a particularly high content of eicosapentaenoic acid.
Vet Rec 2005 Aug 13
PMID:Retrospective study of the survival of cats with acquired chronic renal insufficiency offered different commercial diets. 1621 52

Proteinuria and systemic hypertension are well recognised risk factors in chronic renal failure (CRF). They are consequences of renal disease but also lead to a further loss of functional kidney tissue. The objectives of this study were to investigate the associations between proteinuria, systemic hypertension and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in dogs with naturally occurring renal and non-renal diseases, and to determine whether proteinuria and hypertension were associated with shorter survival times in dogs with CRF. Measurements of exogenous creatinine plasma clearance (ECPC), urine protein:creatinine ratio (UPC), and Doppler sonographic measurements of systolic blood pressure (SBP) were made in 60 dogs with various diseases. There was a weak but significant inverse correlation between UPC and ECPC, a significant inverse correlation between SBP and ECPC and a weak but significant positive correlation between UPC and SBP. Some of the dogs with CRF were proteinuric and almost all were hypertensive. Neoplasia was commonly associated with proteinuria in the dogs with a normal ECPC. CRF was the most common cause leading to hypertension. In the dogs with CRF, hypertension and marked proteinuria were associated with significantly shorter survival times.
Vet Rec 2008 Feb 02
PMID:Associations between proteinuria, systemic hypertension and glomerular filtration rate in dogs with renal and non-renal diseases. 1828 33

Metastatic calcification of cardiac valves is a common complication in patients affected by chronic renal failure. In this study, primary bovine aortic valve interstitial cells (AVICs) were subjected to pro-calcific treatments consisting in cell stimulation with (i) elevated inorganic phosphate (Pi = 3 mM), to simulate hyperphosphatemic conditions; (ii) bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS), simulating direct effects by microbial agents; and (iii) conditioned media (CM) derived from cultures of either LPS-stimulated heterogenic macrophages (commercial murine RAW264.7 cells) or LPS-stimulated fresh allogenic monocytes/macrophages (bCM), simulating consequent inflammatory responses, alone or combined. Compared to control cultures, spectrophotometric assays revealed shared treatment-dependent higher values of both calcium amounts and alkaline phosphatase activity for cultures involving the presence of elevated Pi. Ultrastructurally, shared peculiar pro-calcific degeneration patterns were exhibited by AVICs from these latter cultures irrespectively of the additional treatments. Disappearance of all cytomembranes and concurrent formation of material showing positivity to Cuprolinic Blue and co-localizing with silver precipitation were followed by the outcropping of such a material, which transformed in layers outlining the dead cells. Subsequent budding of these layers resulted in the formation of bubbling bodies and concentrically laminated calcospherulae mirroring those in actual soft tissue calcification. In conclusion, the in vitro models employed appear to be reliable tools for simulating metastatic calcification and indicate that hyperphosphatemic-like conditions could trigger valve calcification per se, with LPS and allogenic macrophage-derived secretory products acting as possible calcific enhancers via inflammatory responses.
Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2012 Jul
PMID:Ultrastructural and spectrophotometric study on the effects of putative triggers on aortic valve interstitial cells in in vitro models simulating metastatic calcification. 2261 66