Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:Q9UIJ5 (Rec)
 58,342 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Mice infected with A/England/939/69 X A/Puerto Rico/8/34 (Rec 31) influenza virus by aerosol develop significantly lower levels of delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) to A/Hong Kong/1/68 X A/Puerto Rico/8/34/ (X31) virus compared to uninfected mice. The suppression of DTH to the hemagglutinin appears to be mediated by suppressor T cells which carry Lyt-1 membrane antigen marker, and not by sy serum antibody. The suppressor T cells for DTH induced by Rec 31 virus (H3N1) infection suppress the DTH response to the variants of the H3 subtype of influenza viruses, but have no effect on the DTH responses to A/Puerto Rico/8/34 virus (H0N1), a B influenza virus or the matrix protein of type A influenza virus. Suppressor T cells for DTH appear 2 wk after infection and are detectable in the spleen for at least 40 d thereafter. T-helper cells for antibody response to hemagglutinin are induced concomitantly with the T-suppressor cells for DTH. Possible implications of the present findings on the regulation of the immune response to viral infection are discussed.
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PMID:Delayed-type hypersensitivity to influenza virus. Induction of antigen-specific suppressor T cells for delayed-type hypersensitivity to hemagglutinin during influenza virus infection in mice. 615 62

New developments in the field of viral transmission from animal to man can be divided into four areas of study. First are the new viral zoonoses such as diseases caused by rotaviruses, Lassa virus and the animal orthopox viruses which will be more prevalent after the cessation of mandatory vaccination against smallpox. Secondly are the numerous ubiquitous viruses, such as adeno and herpesviruses, which in healthy animals lead only to clinically inapparent infections. A typical example of the third area is the recombination and hybridisation between animal and human influenza type A viruses. The final area is concerned with the transmission of viral zoonoses to man through food of animal origin.
Vet Rec 1980 Jun 14
PMID:New emerging viral zoonoses. 625 32

Experimental ponies developed signs of disease four days after the intranasal instillation of A/England 1/79 equine influenza virus and virus was recovered from the nasopharynx from the second to the ninth day. No significant antigenic difference was found between the virus and the prototype A/Miami 1/63 virus, using post infection ferret and chicken sera and post vaccination pony sera. No antigenic differences were found between four viruses isolated between January and July 1979, although some differences were found in their ability to detect haemagglutination inhibiting antibody in convalescent horse sera.
Vet Rec 1981 Oct 17
PMID:Field and laboratory studies of equine influenza viruses isolated in 1979. 627 99

Mice previously infected with an aerosol of A/Rec 31 influenza virus were strongly protected against an aerosol challenge with A/Vic influenza as judged by lung virus titers recovered 2 days after the challenge infection. Such complete homotypic immunity was not achieved by priming with live Rec 31 virus injected i.v. or UV-inactivated Rec 31 virus administered s.c. together with Al(OH)3 and saponin. The reason for the superior protective effect of the natural infection was investigated. The protection induced by respiratory infection with Rec 31 virus was specific for influenza A viruses. It was not correlated with specific serum hemagglutination inhibition antibody titer or cross-reactive cytotoxic T (Tc) cell reactivity. Moreover, the transfer of splenic and lymphoid T cell populations with strong secondary Tc activity did not significantly reduce lung virus titers in recipient mice 3 days after infection. The protection however occurred in parallel with the presence of cross-reactive IgA antibody in the lung washings. It thus appears that local secretory IgA plays a causal role in the prevention of cross-infection by influenza A virus. Serum antibody and Tc cells, on the other hand, may be crucial for recovery from such infection. All mice primed with live Rec 31 virus, administered i.v. or by aerosol and expressing equally high levels of Tc reactivity, survived a lethal challenge with A/PR8 virus. The same challenge, however, killed half of the mice immunized s.c. with inactivated Rec 31 virus which induced only a low level of Tc reactivity.
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PMID:Cross-protection in mice infected with influenza A virus by the respiratory route is correlated with local IgA antibody rather than serum antibody or cytotoxic T cell reactivity. 660 24

During 1980 and 1981 influenza A viruses of subtypes H3N2, H3N8, H4N1, H4N6, H6N2, H6N8, H7N7, H11N8 and H11N9 were isolated from birds in Great Britain, usually as a result of investigations of disease or death. However, all viruses were shown to be of low virulence for chickens in pathogenicity index tests. There was one occurrence of influenza virus infection of turkeys (H6N8) but viruses were frequently obtained from domestic ducks. Other viruses were isolated from exotic birds in zoos or bird collections.
Vet Rec 1982 Oct 02
PMID:Isolation of influenza A viruses from birds in Great Britain during 1980 and 1981. 681 76

The operation of the Importation of Captive Birds Order 1976 is described. In the first 24 months that the order was effective, a total of 183,189 birds were landed. Of these 5829 (3.18 per cent) were dead on arrival, 8643 (4.71 per cent) died in quarantine and 474 batches of carcases were submitted for post mortem examination. Chlamydia infections were diagnosed in birds from 14 quarantine/isolation lots and salmonellae were isolated from 23 lots. Thirty-six haemagglutinating agents were isolated from 17 quarantine/isolation lots. These were identified as eight influenza A viruses with Hav 7 Neq 2 subtypes (associated with two importations); 14 influenza A viruses with Hav 4 Nav 1 subtypes (six importations); four yucaipa-like paramyxoviruses (three importations); four 449-like paramyxoviruses (two importations); one unspecified paramyxovirus; five Newcastle disease viruses (NDV) (two importations). Four of the NDV isolates, associated with one importation, were shown to be velogenic viruses by intravenous pathogenicity index tests in six-week-old chickens.
Vet Rec 1980 Jan 26
PMID:A two year survey on the control of the importation of captive birds into Great Britain. 735 61

Equine-2 influenza virus A (H3N8) infection occurred among vaccinated thoroughbred horses in Hong Kong during November and December 1992. The outbreak was unique in that it occurred among a large population stabled under intensive conditions. It resulted in the postponement of seven race meetings over a period of 32 days. The outbreak originated after the importation of horses 25 to 32 days before any clinical signs were reported. Vaccination did not prevent 75 per cent of the population from becoming infected, and half the infected horses developed clinical signs. Vaccination did, however, contribute to reducing the morbidity and the severity and duration of the clinical signs.
Vet Rec 1995 May 27
PMID:Outbreak of equine influenza among horses in Hong Kong during 1992. 766 May 56

The Directigen FLU-A enzyme immunoassay was tested for its ability to detect equine-2 influenza viruses in nasopharyngeal fluids from horses and ponies. A total of 125 swabs from experimental infections and from different sources of natural infection in the USA and Hong Kong were examined. The assay results were compared with the results of standard virus culture in embryonated chicken eggs or Madin-Darby canine kidney cells, and with the serology of the horses sampled. In comparison with virus culture the enzyme immunoassay exhibited 83 per cent sensitivity, 78 per cent specificity, 70 per cent positive predictive value and 88 per cent negative predictive value. The test appeared to be more sensitive than haemagglutination for the detection of low levels of virus in embryonated egg cultures. It also detected equine-1 influenza virus in culture. The test is rapid (15 minutes), simple, and should be a convenient method for the rapid diagnosis and screening of horses for equine influenza infection.
Vet Rec 1994 Sep 17
PMID:Rapid diagnosis of equine influenza by the Directigen FLU-A enzyme immunoassay. 781 5

The prevalence of infections with H1N1- and H3N2-influenza viruses, porcine respiratory coronavirus (PRCV), transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) and porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus (PEDV) in feeder pigs shortly after their entry into fattening units was examined. Ten groups of pigs with acute respiratory disease during the months September to October 1991 and seven groups of pigs with acute diarrhoea during the months February to March 1992 were investigated. On arrival in the fattening herds, more of the pigs were negative for antibodies against H1N1-influenza virus and against PRCV during September to October (61 and 50 per cent, respectively) than in February to March (51 and 34 per cent, respectively). There was serological evidence of a triple infection with PRCV and both influenza viruses in seven of the 17 groups; dual infections with PRCV and H1N1-influenza virus occurred in nine groups and with H1N1- and H3N2-influenza viruses in one group. Seroconversion against TGEV was not detected in any of the 17 groups, but seven of them had seroconverted to PEDV. Multiple infections with PRCV and either one or both of the influenza viruses were thus very common shortly after the introduction of feeder pigs into the fattening herds. There was no association between the type and/or multiplicity of these infections and respiratory disease, but infections with PEDV were clearly associated with outbreaks of diarrhoea.
Vet Rec 1994 Dec 17
PMID:Prevalence of infections with enzootic respiratory and enteric viruses in feeder pigs entering fattening herds. 790 Feb 43

Seven previously untreated five-month-old New Forest ponies received two doses of equine influenza immunostimulating complex vaccines, one with and one without an immunopurified tetanus toxoid component, given by deep intramuscular injection six weeks apart, followed by a booster dose without tetanus toxoid five months later. Fifteen months after the third dose of vaccine, the ponies were challenged by exposure to an aerosol of influenza A/Equine 2/Sussex/89 (H3N8), a virus isolated from a recent outbreak of influenza A/equine 2 in Britain. The challenge produced severe clinical signs of influenza (pyrexia and coughing) in five unvaccinated control ponies. Four of the vaccinated ponies were completely protected against clinical disease, and two of these were also protected against infection as demonstrated by their lack of an antibody response after challenge. No coughing was recorded among the vaccinated ponies, and only three of the seven vaccinated ponies experienced a transient mild pyrexia. The mean duration and severity of the pyrexia among the vaccinated ponies was significantly less (P < 0.01) than among the controls, and the excretion of virus was almost eliminated, thus demonstrating the protective efficacy of the vaccines 15 months after vaccination. Monitoring of tetanus antitoxin antibodies showed that protective levels (> or = 0.01/iu/ml) were maintained for at least 20 months after vaccination.
Vet Rec 1994 Feb 12
PMID:Duration of protective efficacy of equine influenza immunostimulating complex/tetanus vaccines. 816 Mar 28


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