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 58,342 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The differential diagnosis of canine urinary incontinence is discussed. Where appropriate, comparisons are made to similar causes of incontinence in the cat.
Vet Rec 1990 Oct 06
PMID:Urinary incontinence in dogs and cats. 1087 92

Ten bitches with urinary incontinence due to incompetence of the urethral sphincter mechanism were treated with phenylpropanolamine hydrochloride at a dose of either 1 mg/kg orally three times daily or 2 mg/kg orally once daily in a prolonged release formulation. The signs of incontinence resolved in all the bitches, and improvements were maintained over periods ranging from one to more than two years, except in one bitch which became refractory to treatment after three months. One bitch which was inadvertently treated at a dose rate of 2.5 mg/kg showed signs of lethargy and inappetence but returned to normal when the dose rate was reduced.
Vet Rec 1989 Nov 04
PMID:Phenylpropanolamine: an alpha-adrenergic agent for the management of urinary incontinence in the bitch associated with urethral sphincter mechanism incompetence. 259 66

The case histories of 175 dogs with ureteral ectopia were reviewed; there were 156 females and 19 males. Golden retrievers, labrador retrievers and Skye terriers appeared to be over-represented. Their median age when examined was 10 months, and the males were significantly older than the females. Fifty-six animals were affected bilaterally, 50 were affected on the left side alone and 69 on the right side alone. One hundred and twenty-two cases had other abnormalities and 67 had more than one; they included hydro-ureter, hydronephrosis, pyelonephritis, bladder hypoplasia and congenital incompetence of the urethral sphincter mechanism. Forty-one cases were not treated, and the other 134 were treated by ureteronephrectomy, extravesicular ureteric transplantation or intravesicular ureteric transplantation. One hundred and twelve cases were available for follow-up for a median period of over two years (range one month to 15 years). The response to surgery and the incidence of complications was similar after each method of treatment. Sixty-five of the 112 cases were cured of incontinence and 26 were improved. The complication rate (14 per cent overall) was similar for each procedure although different types of complications occurred. Hydronephrosis occurred most commonly after extravesicular transplantation and dysuria occurred most commonly after intravesicular transplantation.
Vet Rec 1995 Apr 08
PMID:Canine ureteral ectopia: an analysis of 175 cases and comparison of surgical treatments. 761 May 37

Urinary incontinence due to incompetence of the urethral sphincter mechanism was diagnosed in five neutered female dogs. After poor clinical responses to medical treatment, the five bitches were managed by a combination of colposuspension and sling urethroplasty. No major complications developed, although three bitches voided small volumes of urine more frequently for the first few days after surgery. The response to surgery was considered excellent in the two dogs which became continent and poor in the three which did not. In one of the dogs which responded poorly, the incontinence resolved after a revision of the colposuspension part of the procedure, and in the other two the incontinence became more responsive to medical management. The addition of a sling urethroplasty to colposuspension appeared to have little beneficial effect.
Vet Rec 1994 Jan 08
PMID:Management of urinary incontinence in five bitches with incompetence of the urethral sphincter mechanism by colposuspension and a modified sling urethroplasty. 813 6

Incompetence of the urethral sphincter mechanism is uncommon in male dogs. This paper reviews 54 cases. As in the bitch, the condition can occur either as a congenital or as an acquired condition, in which neutering may play a part; larger breeds appear to be at greater risk. Incontinence is more likely to occur when the intra-abdominal pressure might be expected to increase, for example when the dog is recumbent. In comparison with the bitch, the condition appears less likely to respond to medical therapy and its pathophysiology is poorly understood.
Vet Rec 1996 Nov 30
PMID:Urethral sphincter mechanism incompetence in male dogs: a retrospective analysis of 54 cases. 896 24

The aim of our study was to provide quantitative data on pudendal motor neuron cell bodies and axons in the female rat. To confirm earlier studies, fluorescent retrograde tracers were used to label the motor neurons for correlation with myelinated axon counts along the length of the motor pudendal nerve. The external urethral sphincter of female rats was injected with diamidino yellow and the external anal sphincter with fast blue. The L(6) spinal cord revealed labeled motor neurons. Those in the dorsolateral column (60.8 +/- 10.6) had nuclei labeled yellow from the external urethral sphincter and those in the dorsomedial column (31.7 +/- 8.5) had cytoplasm labeled blue from the external anal sphincter. Double labeling was not present, suggesting that pudendal motor neurons in each column innervate separate sphincters. The motor pudendal nerve in the ischiorectal fossa was also characterized by light microscopy. The mean myelinated axon count (151.4 +/- 17.0) was highly correlated (r = 0.995) in the proximal fascicles and the sum of distal fascicles. This indicated that myelinated axons do not branch at the point where the main motor pudendal nerve branches into separate fascicles. Axon counts between sides were not as well correlated (r = 0.883). The ratio of motor neurons to myelinated axons is 56%, suggesting that some myelinated axons either innervate other muscles or are sensory. This reproducible characterization of the normal pudendal nerve anatomy provides an excellent basis for experimental studies associated with pudendal nerve denervation as a model for neurogenic incontinence.
Anat Rec 2002 01 01
PMID:Motor pudendal nerve characterization in the female rat. 1174 68

Five horses with sabulous cystitis were managed for up to three years. They were treated by emptying the bladder through a urinary catheter and saline lavage with cytoscopic guidance to remove residual sabulous material. The cystitis was treated with antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory medications, and bethanechol chloride was also administered. Frequent catheterisation and emptying of the bladder was an alternative to regular cystoscopic examination with saline lavage but it resulted in the development of a urethral stricture in one case. Four of the horses returned to work and one was retired owing to persistent incontinence.
Vet Rec 2008 Jun 14
PMID:Long-term management of sabulous cystitis in five horses. 1855 29