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Maternal health in Latin America and the Caribbean continues to be an important issue, which is significantly affected by access to appropriate health technology and quality care, which in turn may be dependent upon economic conditions. Although contraceptive knowledge was high, only 53% of couples used some method of contraception. About 32% and 37% of maternal mortality in Mexico and Colombia could have been averted if contraception had been used. One study of 240 maternal deaths in Mexico indicated that 85% were potentially preventable, and 70% could have been potentially avoided with better medical and institutional care. The table gave the number and rate of maternal mortality and risk by country. In 23 countries, maternal mortality was one of the ten leading causes of death among women. The five prominent causes tended to be abortion, hemorrhage, toxemia, complications of the puerperium, and indirect causes among women aged 15-49 years. Countries can be grouped by level of maternal mortality: 227/100,000 live births, 133/100,000, and 50/100,000. About 280,000 to 420,000 episodes of severe intercurrent obstetric problems potentially occurred annually among the 12 million women of reproductive age in the region. In the United States about 1 out of every 5 pregnancies involved pregnancy related hospitalization in 1987. In Mexico in 1989, of the 740,000 obstetric related discharges for obstetric reasons, 80.5% were related to delivery and 19.5%, to morbidity during pregnancy. During the prenatal period, the five leading causes of morbidity have been identified as premature rupture of membranes, urinary tract infection, potential premature delivery, pre-eclampsia, and pregnancy induced hypertension. Latin American is also a region with increasing numbers of cesarean section deliveries. Maternal deaths in Latin America and the Caribbean would be reduced 47 times and 85% of deaths could be avoided if the health systems paralleled those in Canada.
Wkly Epidemiol Rec 1993 Oct 15
PMID:Maternal and child health. Maternal mortality in the Americas. 824 Sep 44