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In the course of an outbreak of enteritis and conjunctivitis, Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from newborn infants. Strains cultured at a later phase of the outbreak differed from those found at the beginning in being resistant to several antibiotics, showing resistance to typing phages and releasing phages of the same lysis spectrum (10(9) p.f.u./ml after heating at 56 degrees C for 2 min). Transduction experiments with a strain and its cell-free lysate showed that inducible erythromycin resistance was transferable to strains isolated at the beginning of the outbreak and to laboratory strains. Plasmid origin of resistance was confirmed by (i) high transduction frequency; (ii) transduction to RN981 rec- mutants; (iii) kinetics of transduction; (iv) elimination of resistance. Mixed culture experiments yielded transductants at high frequency with resistance to erythromycin, streptomycin and tetracycline.
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PMID:Transfer of erythromycin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus. 14 6

Like other comparative sciences, and despite its recent beginning comparative virology has already contributed useful applications and observations to human health research. Teachings derived from the study of Marek's disease found application in that of Burkitt's lymphoma, and may lead to a possible vaccine against the human disease. Equally useful information came from the study of canine distemper in the development of a chorio-allantoic membrane attenuated measles vaccine, and in our knowledge of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) of humans; from the study of reovirus-like agents of infant mice and neonatal calves in that of an acute nonbacterial gastro-enteritis of infants and young children; and from that of the cancer-producing viruses of chickens, cats, and dogs to a better understanding of some human neoplasias. Finally, Aleutian mink disease may be an excellent natural model for the study of the collagen diseases of man, and scrapie of sheep one for that of a human chronic degenerative disease of the central nervous system of humans such as Kuru. Comparative virology has proved quite productive in a relatively short period, and is unlikely to be neglected in the future.
Vet Rec 1975 Jun 28
PMID:Newer knowledge in comparative virology--its contribution to human health research. 16 4

Two cases of peracute haemorrhagic enteritis in the dog are reported. Gram-positive bacilli, which were shown in one case to be Clostridium welchii were found adhering to the necrotic epithelial surfaces in parts of the gastrointestinal tract in both cases. Large numbers of C welchii were recovered from the intestines of both dogs.
Vet Rec 1978 Aug 05
PMID:Haemorrhagic gastroenteritis in the dog associated with Clostridium welchii. 21 99

A field trial was conducted to test the efficacy of a vaccination programme which combines oral and parenteral antigen administration to produce IgM antibody in the colostrum of the sow. The trial involved 11 herds, each selected because of their history of neonatal Escherichia coli enteritis. Following more than 2300 farrowings, the progeny from vaccinated sows required 75 per cent less medication to maintain a good standard of health. The average neonatal mortality decreased from 13.8 to 7.0 per cent and the number of pigs weaned increased by 0.6 per litter.
Vet Rec 1979 Nov 10
PMID:Sow vaccination by combined oral and intramuscular antigen: a field study of maternal protection against neonatal Escherichia coli enteritis. 39 66

A newly recognised canine parvo like virus was isolated from faeces of dogs with haemorrhagic enteritis. Cell cultures from several species were susceptible to it. Virus infected cells could be demonstrated by staining with fluorescent antibody reagents (prepared against canine virus or feline panleucopenia virus) or by haemagglutination with pig or rhesus monkey red blood cells. Inhibition of haemagglutination by specific antiserum prepared in specific-pathogen-free beagles provided a convenient method for viral identification. Experimental inoculation of specific-pathogen-free beagles resulted in elevated body temperatures and caused lymphopenia lasting one to three days. Feline panleucopenia virus vaccines protected dogs against challenge with virulent canine parvo-like virus.
Vet Rec 1979 Aug 25
PMID:Isolation and immunisation studies of a canine parco-like virus from dogs with haemorrhagic enteritis. 51 47

Investigation of the source of neonatal Salmonella dublin infection of calves was undertaken by carrying out caesarean section of cows with a history of excretion of S dublin following either S dublin enteritis or S dublin abortion. No evidence of transplacental infection was detected but six of 10 animals showed evidence of excretion of the organism in the faeces, vaginal discharge or milk in the period immediately following parturition. The strong probability of early infection as a result of contamination of the environment is therefore suggested.
Vet Rec
PMID:Epidemiology of Salmonella infection in calves: the source of calfhood infection by Salmonella dublin. 56 70

The diagnostic differentiation of rabbit mucoid enteritis from rabbit dysentery by age and post mortem findings is described. The condition termed as "rabbit dysentery" affects three- to 10-week-old growing rabbits and is essentially an acute coccidiosis, while "mucoid enteritis" develops in older rabbits as a sequel to constipation for six to eight days. The main differentiating feature of the two conditions, which have often been confused with one another owing to similarity of symptoms, is the characteristics dissimilarity of gross changes in the caecum.
Vet Rec 1978 Oct 07
PMID:Rabbit dysentery: 3. Diagnostic differentiation. 72 96

A lactose fermenting strain of Salmonella typhimurium was isolated from two calves which died during an outbreak of acute enteritis. The organism was biochemically typical in all other respects. In one calf, uncomplicated by treatment before death, the autopsy findings were those of a severe fibrinous enteritis which was reproduced in another calf dosed orally with culture. Attention is drawn to scattered reports of lactose fermenting salmonelle causing morbidity and mortality in calves and man.
Vet Rec 1976 Apr 03
PMID:Salmonellosis in calves due to lactose fermenting Salmonella typhimurium. 77 52

A postal survey was carried out by the Pig Veterinary Society to establish the opinions of its members on priorities for pig research: 153 members, 64 per cent of the total--returned analysable questionnaires. The survey shows that problems of highest priority for members are atrophic rhinitis, non-infectious infertility, neonatal enteritis, economics of disease, preventive medicine programmes and swine dysentery. The membership was classified by the nature of their work into five groups and the six subjects listed above cover the top three priorities of all groups. A classification of the papers listed in the Index of Current Research on Pigs XXII 1976 suggests that some of the six subjects are under researched.
Vet Rec 1976 Dec 04
PMID:Priorities for pig research. 99 96

The clinical and bacteriological examination of spontaneous and experimental cases of mucoid enteritis on a large rabbit farm indicated that the mucin accumulations in the colon are a consequence of constipation. This opinion is supported by the results obtained following ligation of the proximal colon. These findings suggest that rabbit mucoid enteritis is not a specific disease entity but a general response to the factors which cause constipation. Studies of the bacterial flora of the gut in spontaneous and experimental cases suggest that while there is a notable increase in the number of coliforms and clostridia over the healthy controls, these organisms only play a secondary role.
Vet Rec 1976 Feb 21
PMID:Intestinal flora studies in rabbit mucoid enteritis. 126 98


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