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 58,342 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A grey seal (Halichoerus grypus) developed cutaneous pocks which progressed to involve the skin extensively, necessitating euthanasia. Macroscopically and histologically the lesions resembled previous descriptions of parapoxvirus infections of seals and virus particles were observed in preparations of a scab and a skin lesion. Suspensions of the scab and skin lesion were prepared and inoculated on to monolayer cultures of grey seal kidney cells. After 25 days in culture and three passages, cytopathic effects were observed and parapoxvirus particles were detected by electron microscopy in the supernatant fluid. Both isolates were adapted to cultures of fetal lamb muscle cells and shown to be antigenically related to orf virus.
Vet Rec 1995 Nov 25
PMID:Isolation of a parapoxvirus from a grey seal (Halichoerus grypus). 864 35

Twenty, eight-day-old specific pathogen-free (SPF) lambs were vaccinated by a single scarification approximately 4 cm in length on the inner right thigh with a double-pronged applicator. The titre of live virus in the vaccine was 10(7.2) TCID50/ml and the estimated dose per lamb was 0.04 ml. Three months and six months later 10 of the vaccinated lambs and five age-matched unvaccinated control specific pathogen free lambs were challenged by a single scarification with virulent virus on the inner left thigh in the same way. After the vaccination all 20 lambs developed lesions characteristic of orf virus infection that had largely resolved four weeks later, when they all had reciprocal ELISA antibody titres > or = 3200 that persisted in all but one of them until they were challenged. After the challenge, the development of lesions in the vaccinated and unvaccinated sheep was compared daily for four weeks by means of a clinical scoring system. Both groups of vaccinated lambs had significantly lower (P < 0.01) total clinical scores after challenge at three months and six months than the unvaccinated lambs.
Vet Rec 1996 Feb 24
PMID:Tissue culture-propagated orf virus vaccine protects lambs from orf virus challenge. 867 20

The apparent natural transmission of orf virus from clinically normal ewes to susceptible sheep was observed during a border disease vaccine experiment. The 14 susceptible sheep were persistently infected with border disease virus and had been reared indoors in isolation from other sheep since birth. Their ages ranged from two to four years and they were housed in two groups; group 1 consisted of four sheep persistently infected with the Moredun strain of border disease virus and group 2 consisted of 10 sheep persistently infected with the Oban strain of the virus. On day 0, six sheep were removed from group 2 and rehoused. To the remaining four sheep in each group were added eight four- to six-year-old pregnant conventionally reared ewes at 48 days gestation. Fourteen days later the four sheep in group 1 were moved to another pen housing eight similar five-year-old pregnant ewes at 48 days' gestation, and the four sheep from group 2 were rehoused with their original stallmates. Twenty-one days later lip lesions typical of orf were first observed on the sheep from both groups and the disease spread to all the sheep persistently infected with border disease virus over the next four weeks. Virological and serological evidence demonstrated that the source of infection for the sheep was almost certainly the conventionally reared ewes, on which no lesions resembling orf were observed at any time during the study.
Vet Rec 1996 Oct 12
PMID:Natural transmission of orf virus from clinically normal ewes to orf-naive sheep. 890 19

A comparison of DNA profiles of representative isolates of orf virus, obtained using four different restriction endonucleases (RE), showed that the enzyme EcoRI could be used to discriminate between wild-type virus isolates and vaccine strains. The enzyme was used to compare the RE profiles of orf virus isolates from 43 outbreaks of orf that occurred in vaccinated flocks between 1988 and 1993; 21 outbreaks yielded wild-type virus, 10 yielded vaccine viruses, three produced both vaccine and wild-type viruses and no clear result was obtained from nine of the outbreaks. From the 21 outbreaks yielding wild-type viruses, 28 orf virus isolates had clear RE profiles and 15 distinct RE profiles were recorded. Usually only one virus type was associated with each outbreak but from two farms, two different wild-type viruses were recovered. No predominant genotype was identified, with four RE profile types being recovered for more than one outbreak. From the more severe form of orf involving the buccal cavities of lambs only wild-type viruses were recovered, with at least four different genotypes being represented.
Vet Rec 1998 Aug 29
PMID:Restriction endonuclease profiles of orf virus isolates from the British Isles. 977 69

Orf is a zoonotic skin disease which is commonly self-diagnosed by those who tend sheep and goats. This paper reports the prevalence, incidence and risk factors associated with the infection in a cohort of farmworkers from three areas of England, derived from the results of self-reporting and serology. Twenty-three per cent of those employed or living on a sheep farm reported ever having had orf, and the antibody serological profiles indicated a prevalence of 4 per cent and an annual incidence of 2.8 per cen. The main risk factors associated with the infection were contact with sheep, the size of the sheep flock, and contact with dogs.
Vet Rec 1999 Jul 03
PMID:Orf (contagious pustular dermatitis) in farmworkers: prevalence and risk factors in three areas of England. 1045 90

We examined the requirement of lambda recombination functions for marker rescue of cryptic prophage genes within the Escherichia coli chromosome. We infected lysogenic host cells with lambdaimm434 phages and selected for recombinant immlambda phages that had exchanged the imm434 region of the infecting phage for the heterologous 2.6-kb immlambda region from the prophage. Phage-encoded activity, provided by either Red or NinR functions, was required for the substitution. Red(-) phages with DeltaNinR, internal NinR deletions of rap-ninH, or orf-ninC were 117-, 12-, and 5-fold reduced for immlambda rescue in a Rec(+) host, suggesting the participation of several NinR activities. RecA was essential for NinR-dependent immlambda rescue, but had slight influence on Red-dependent rescue. The host recombination activities RecBCD, RecJ, and RecQ participated in NinR-dependent recombination while they served to inhibit Red-mediated immlambda rescue. The opposite effects of several host functions toward NinR- and Red-dependent immlambda rescue explains why the independent pathways were not additive in a Rec(+) host and why the NinR-dependent pathway appeared dominant. We measured the influence of the host recombination functions and DnaB on the appearance of orilambda-dependent replication initiation and whether orilambda replication initiation was required for immlambda marker rescue.
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PMID:NinR- and red-mediated phage-prophage marker rescue recombination in Escherichia coli: recovery of a nonhomologous immlambda DNA segment by infecting lambdaimm434 phages. 1595 67

Orf, a viral disease which causes proliferative skin lesions around the mouths of lambs and on the teats of ewes, has long been assumed to have production-limiting consequences. This case-control study involved the collection of data from naturally occurring outbreaks of orf in young lambs on eight commercial farms in north-east England. Measurements of weight were taken and orf lesions were scored on a numerical scale for 44 orf-affected lambs, matched to unaffected controls within the same group. Data from corresponding ewes were available from five farms. Paired t tests showed that affected lambs weighed approximately 10 per cent less than their unaffected controls for a period of at least five weeks following the start of the outbreak. The effects were highly significant whether the orf lesions affected the mouth or were found elsewhere on the body. If a lamb had orf, then there was a 82 per cent chance that its mother also had orf on its udder or teats. The financial consequences of orf in young lambs were estimated using average UK figures and conservative assumptions based on the results of this study.
Vet Rec 2012 Jun 30
PMID:Case-control study of orf in preweaned lambs and an assessment of the financial impact of the disease. 2275 74

Orf virus (ORFV), the prototype of the genus Parapoxvirus, is the aetiological agent of contagious ecthyma (CE), a pustular dermatitis that afflicts domestic and wild small ruminants. CE is one of the most widespread poxvirus diseases in the world, causing public health impacts. Outbreaks of ORFV have been observed in all geographical regions of Brazil, affecting ovine and caprine herds. The origins, epidemiology and identity of Brazilian ORFVs are unknown, and no comparative or phylogenetic studies of these viruses have been performed. In the present study, we revisited CE outbreaks which occurred until 32 years ago, and we assessed, genetically, five viral isolates. We performed the sequencing and analysis of the three ORFV molecular markers: B2L gene, virus interferon resistance gene (VIR) and the vascular endothelial growth factor gene. Nucleotide and amino acid analysis of the analysed genes demonstrated that Brazilian ORFVs do not form a unique cluster, and presented more similarity to other worldwide ORFV samples than with each other. These data raise the questions of whether there are different worldwide ORFVs circulating in Brazil, or if all the Brazilian ORFV samples are of the same virus taken at distinct time points.
Vet Rec 2012 Nov 10
PMID:Looking back: a genetic retrospective study of Brazilian Orf virus isolates. 2306 56

Orf is a viral disease found in English sheep flocks which can cause economic losses. It is a zoonosis with little epidemiological research available in the UK. In 2012, 3000 questionnaires were sent to English sheep farms in order to investigate the prevalence of orf, determine vaccination efficacy and to identify some of the potential risk factors. The usable response rate was 25.4 per cent. The usable farms (N=762 in the years 2011 and 2012) were used to model the percentage of animals affected on the farm, and the probability of a farm being found with the disease. The disease prevalence (DP) was standardised for the year and calculated as 1.88 per cent for ewes and 19.53 per cent for lambs. The disease risk ratio (RR) for the use of the vaccine was calculated as 2.04 for ewes and 0.75 for lambs, and therefore, the study found that lamb vaccination was beneficial (RR <1). Weed infestation and an increased number of orphan lambs were associated with increased cases of orf. We conclude that the DP in ewes and lambs affect each other, though the impact is higher for lambs in the presence of increasing prevalence in ewes. A short lambing season lowers the probability of a farm experiencing cases of orf. Vaccination was effective in lambs but not in ewes, though lambs benefitted when ewes were vaccinated (reduced orf prevalence in lambs born from vaccinated ewes), probably because any unvaccinated ewes may have been carriers that could spread the virus to the new-born lambs.
Vet Rec 2014 Oct 04
PMID:Prevalence, risk factors and vaccination efficacy of contagious ovine ecthyma (orf) in England. 2499

Mycoplasma wenyonii infection in two dairy herdsHypomagnesaemia in suckler cowsLeptospiral milk drop in dairy cowsNon-resolving orf in six-month-old lambsHepatosis dietetica in a five-month-old giltThese are among matters discussed in the disease surveillance report for September 2016 from SAC Consulting: Veterinary Services (SAC C VS).
Vet Rec 2016 Dec 17
PMID:Mycoplasma wenyonii infection in dairy cows. 2798 Jan 44


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