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A surgical demonstration of the potential use of egg transfer for converting a herd of cattle from one breed to another (Jersey to Friesian) was undertaken on farm. Friesian donors were non-lactating but 50 per cent failed to respond adequately (greater than 3 ovulations) to treatment with PMSG (1500 to 3000 iu). Heifers yielded more ovulations and eggs than cows, but recovery rate was higher from cows (80 per cent cf 60 per cent). Fertilised eggs were recovered from old (13 years) cows, some of which had ceased to breed normally. Pregnancy rate after transfer of these eggs was normal. Purebred Friesian calves out of Jersey recipients were Friesian weight (male, 44.8 kg; female, 37.4 kg) and contrary to experience with crossbreds caused severe dystocia problems. Severity of dystocia was related to birth weight and sex of calf.
Vet Rec 1978 Nov 04
PMID:The Sacrewell project: an on farm demonstration of the potential of egg transfer. 74 96

Prostaglandin was used to induce parturition in three trials on two farms, involving 55 Friesian heifers. Calf viability, dystocia, percentage retained placenta, induction interval and colostrum absorbtion (in 18 cases) are discussed.
Vet Rec 1978 Dec 02
PMID:Induction of parturition in dairy heifers using prostaglandin F2alpha. 74 13

Herpetology is a rapidly growing interest in this country, reptiles being kept both for research purposes and as pets. However, there is a lack of literature on reptilian medicine and surgery; the authors know of only one available text (Frye 1973). Furthermore, there are only two published case histories of dystocia in the snake (Huff 1976, Hime 1976) and thus this case was considered to be of particular interest.
Vet Rec 1977 May 14
PMID:Dystocia in a snake. 87 45

Eight cases of severe dropsy of the fetal sacs have been observed in mares. All were in multiparous mares whose ages ranged from five to 20 years and who were 7 1/2 to 10 3/4 months pregnant. Abortion started spontaneously in four cases and had to be induced in the remaining four by manual dilation of the cervix, rupture of the tough allantochorion and the siphoning off of 120 to 220 litres of allantoic fluid. The amnion was normal. Dystocia, due to uterine inertia, occurred in all eight cases, one hydrocephalic fetus needing fetotomy. All fetuses were alive at delivery although four were teratologically deformed and two were markedly underdeveloped. None survived. Retention of a somewhat oedematous placenta occurred in six cases. Microscopic examination of the placenta showed some evidence of degeneration, but none of inflammatory change. One mare died, seven recovered rapidly. One mare was served again and gave birth to a living foal. Special care needs to be given to pre- and post-operative shock, retained placenta and delayed involution.
Vet Rec 1976 Jul 24
PMID:Dropsy of the fetal sacs in mares: induced and spontaneous abortion. 98 18

Both veterinary surgeon and dog breeder should be involved in assessing the whelping capability of brood bitches as one essential point in the selection of sound stock. Normal parturition is described in a manner that might be used in the instruction of breeders and nursing auxiliaries in midwifery. In its classical three stages, the mechanics and hydraulics are explained in simple terms and the hormonal changes discussed in relation to each stage. The type of co-operation desired between veterinary surgeon and breeder is discussed and the instruction to be given on the recognition of dystocia is outlined. Some commonly met dystocias are described. Simple digitally-assisted delivery by the midwife/breeder is described as are the forceps techniques which may be applied by the veterinary surgeon in the course of diagnosis and delivery.
Vet Rec 1975 Apr 05
PMID:Practitioners'--breeders' approach to canine parturition. 112 28

The clinical features of uterine rupture in 26 cows are reviewed. In 12 animals, the foetus was still mainly or entirely within the uterus but in the remaining 14 it was displaced into the peritoneal cavity. Apparent predisposing causes suggest that the condition is usually secondary to some other form of dystocia.
Vet Rec 1975 Sep 27
PMID:Spontaneous uterine rupture in cattle; a review of 26 cases. 117 9

An abnormally high incidence of dystocia was encountered in the south country Cheviot flock at the Hill Farming Research Organisation's research station at Sourhope, Yetholm, Roxburghshire over the past four years, 1970 to 1973. Lambing records were only available for 1972 and 1973 for Sourhope ewes and gimmers of all breeds and showed the following: (see article) This meant that in terms of attention and vigilance, a high shepherding input was necessary with the South Country Cheviot flock. Intensive observation and measurements of some relevant parameters were therefore made in the gimmer age group of this flock, numbering 126, during the lambing season of 1974; 39-7 per cent required assitance. This paper describes the behavioural pattern in lambing and demonstrates differences between those animals which were assisted and those which were not. The features of the dystocias and their possible cause are discussed.
Vet Rec
PMID:An investigation into dystocia in a south country Cheviot flock. 120 43

The results of 77 caesarean sections in cattle carried out in a seven-person practice over a period of 16 months are described and evaluated. The standardisation of the surgical technique, the speed of decision making in dealing with dystocia, and the education of the farmers contributed to the 84 per cent calf survival rate, and post surgical complications were few. There was only one fatality in a dam.
Vet Rec 1992 Dec 05
PMID:Caesarean sections in cattle attended by a practice in Cheshire. 848 41

Three hundred and thirty-one dairy cows in six herds were used to study the effect of a single injection of 25 mg dinoprost, a prostaglandin F2 alpha derivative, administered eight days after calving on several indices of fertility. A detailed comparison was made between 113 treated cows and 113 control cows of the same parity, which had calved within seven days of each other on the same farm and had experienced the same degree of dystocia. In cows which had calved without assistance, the treatment reduced the mean interval between calving and first heat from 40 days to 37 days but increased the mean interval between calving and conception from 83 days to 85 days. In cows which had required assistance at calving, the treatment reduced the mean interval between calving and first heat from 44 days to 34 days and reduced the mean calving to conception interval from 86 days to 68 days. The cows which benefited most were those which had required assistance during their second, third or fourth calvings; their calving to conception intervals were shortened by 22.5 days. An average of 1.39 services was required to establish conception in the treated cows which calved unaided, with 70 per cent conceiving to the first service, compared with an average of 1.34 services per conception and a 72 per cent conception rate to first service for their untreated herdmates.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Vet Rec 1990 Dec 15
PMID:Effect of prostaglandin F2 alpha on the fertility of dairy cows after calving. 207 88

The animal most frequently requiring operation for dystocia in this survey of 133 cases was the Friesian/Holstein heifer. In 38 per cent of cases the reason for surgery was an oversized calf and in 84 per cent the operation was performed on the farm of origin. The majority of the dams were operated on while standing, using a left flank incision, and under paravertebral or field infiltration with local anaesthetic solution. Exteriorisation of the uterus did not appear to be essential except when the calf was dead. Ninety-five per cent of the calves alive in utero and 91 per cent of the dams survived, although 30 per cent of the dams suffered ill-health afterwards. In nine cases neither dam nor calf survived. The fertility indices of those which were rebred were not markedly affected, but milk production was reduced by an estimated 12 per cent of the potential yield.
Vet Rec 1990 Oct 20
PMID:A survey of caesarean operations on cattle in general veterinary practice. 226 11


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