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Campylobacter fetus subspecies coli was isolated from the small intestines of 17 piglets less than six weeks of age submitted for diagnosis. Sixteen of these animals had enteritis and in five of them no other probable bacterial cause of the enteric lesions was identified. Changes including congestion of the small intestinal mucosa, reduction in the height of the villi, thickening of the terminal ileum and histological evidence for inflammatory change in the small intestine were seen at post mortem examination. C f subsp coli was also isolated from the large intestinal mucosa of all the infected pits. In a further study, the organism was recovered from the colonic mucosa of 10 weaned animals treated for experimental swine dysentery. Two of these animals which had had a persistent mucoid diarrhoea were found to have large intestinal lesions resembling those of mild swine dysentery. No spirochaetes could be demonstrated in or isolated from the lesions seen in these two animals or from the other eight. The possibility that C f subsp coli may be a cause of enteritis in unweaned piglets and produce changes primarily in the small intestine is discussed. Evidence that C f subsp coli may cause large intestinal lesions in weaned pigs under certain circumstances is also discussed.
Vet Rec 1981 Aug 08
PMID:A re-examination of the role of Campylobacter fetus subspecies coli in enteric disease of the pig. 733 50

Tiamulin was found to be effective in the treatment of experimental swine dysentery when included in the drinking water at 22.5, 45 and 60 ppm for three and five days. Only medication of the drinking water with 60 ppm for three and five days resulted in complete prevention of relapse and the elimination of T hyodysenteriae. When tiamulin was given in the feed for 47 days at 25, 30, 35 and 40 g per ton it prevented the development of the clinical signs or post mortem lesions of experimental swine dysentery. The results obtained suggested that it may not have completely prevented the establishment of T hyodysenteriae in the intestines of some of the pigs. The possibility that tiamulin had some effect on the lesions of enzootic pneumonia when given in the drinking water at 60 ppm and in the feed at 40 g per ton is discussed.
Vet Rec 1980 Jun 21
PMID:Tiamulin in the treatment and prophylaxis of experimental swine dysentery. 743 20

Pure cultures of Campylobacter fetus subspecies jejuni of bovine origin were used to inoculate three ruminating calves in each of two experiments and three milk-fed calves in another. Inoculated animals all developed clinical signs which included fewer (to 41 degrees C), diarrhoea and sporadic dysentery within one to three days of inoculation. Diarrhoeic faeces were dark, mucoid, of uniform consistency and were passed for six to 15 days. The eight control animals did not develop this syndrome. C f subspecies jejuni was isolated from the faeces of all nine inoculated animals and from the faeces of two control animals in one experiment. The animals were killed 10 to 16 days following inoculation and found to have thickening of the wall of the ileum, varying degrees of inflammation of the jejunal and ileal mucosa, dark, mucoid ileal contents and enlargement of the mesenteric lymph nodes. Stunted villi, dilated crypts, some of which were filled with inflammatory cells, dilated capillaries and mononuclear cell infiltration were seen in affected small intestinal mucosa. C f subsp jejuni was isolated from the ileum, caecum and colon of all the inoculated animals and less frequently from the jejunum, gall bladder and abomasum. Antibody to the inocular strain of C f subsp jejuni was demonstrated at titres of at least 1:640 in the serum of all inoculated animals and was absent from all the control sera. The probability that C f subsp jejuni caused the syndrome produced was discussed.
Vet Rec 1980 Nov 15
PMID:Production of diarrhoea and dysentery in experimental calves by feeding pure cultures of Campylobacter fetus subspecies jejuni. 744 43

The occurrence of winter dysentery, diagnosed by farmers and defined as an outbreak of diarrhoea among at least 30 per cent of adult cattle in a herd, was monitored in 256 dairy herds in an area of central Sweden. The cumulative incidence of winter dysentery between April 1988 and March 1989 was 28.5 per cent. A typical outbreak lasted for one to two weeks and 74 per cent of the outbreaks occurred between November and January. A decrease in milk yield was reported in 90 per cent of the affected herds and the cows showed respiratory signs in 57 per cent of them. There was a significant (P < 0.05) association between the occurrence of fever and coughing. In 31 per cent of the outbreaks the farmer also noticed diarrhoea among the calves. One-third of the affected herds had experienced an outbreak within the previous four years and 18 per cent had at least one further outbreak during the following two years. There was a significantly (P < 0.05) lower disease score in herds that had had an outbreak within the previous four years than in herds which had had a less recent or no previous outbreak, indicating the development of temporary immunity to the causative agent.
Vet Rec 1993 Sep 25
PMID:Winter dysentery diagnosed by farmers in dairy herds in central Sweden: incidence, clinical signs and protective immunity. 823 67

Necrotising enteritis is a newly recognised disease affecting two to three-month-old suckled calves in Scotland. A cohort of 10 calves from an affected herd was closely monitored from birth until the risk period was over, and one case occurred. In addition, all the cases of dysentery in suckled calves reported to SAV Veterinary Services, St Boswells, from April to August of 1992 were investigated and a further five outbreaks of necrotising enteritis were identified. The clinical pathology, gross and histological findings and results of microbiological investigations are described. No aetiological agent was identified and although the condition bore a superficial resemblance to mucosal disease the histological changes were distinct from those of mucosal disease and no bovine viral diarrhoea virus antigen was detected.
Vet Rec 1995 Sep 23
PMID:Necrotising enteritis in suckled calves. 857 6

The sensitivity of 332 strains of Serpulina hyodysenteriae isolated in Hungary between 1978 and 1992 was tested against seven chemotherapeutic drugs frequently used for the treatment of swine dysentery, and the changes in the patterns of resistance were also monitored. All the strains remained sensitive to carbadox, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of only 0.05 to 0.40 microgram/ml at present. The susceptibility of the strains to dimetridazole has gradually decreased, but about half of the strains are still sensitive, with large numbers of "moderately sensitive' strains; the MIC values varied within wide limits (0.1 to 50 micrograms/ml). Most of the strains were resistant to tylosin, with MIC values from 0.1 to 100 micrograms/ml. The number of strains resistant to lincomycin has gradually increased, but about half of the strains remain sensitive; the MIC values ranged from 0.2 to 100 micrograms/ml. Recently, tiamulin has proved the most effective antibiotic, but some resistant strains have already emerged (MIC values 0.05 to 50 micrograms/ml). Monensin was good for the prevention of swine dysentery, but resistance may evolve quickly; the MIC values ranged from 0.4 to 25 micrograms/ml. For sedecamycin, the MIC values (6.25 to 100 micrograms/ml) were much higher than expected.
Vet Rec 1996 Feb 17
PMID:Sensitivity of strains of Serpulina hyodysenteriae isolated in Hungary to chemotherapeutic drugs. 871 90

A questionnaire was sent to 238 members of local pig discussion groups in the West Midlands region of England to identify farm level factors associated with the occurrence of diarrhoea in grower-finisher pigs. The questions related to the occurrence, diagnosis and aetiology of scour problems on the farm, the prevalence of common porcine diseases on the farm, the classes of pigs, staff employment, source of replacement stock and biosecurity measures, the husbandry techniques such as piglet management, use of medication, movement and mixing of pigs, dung removal and pen preparation between batches of pigs, and the physical resources such as floor type, pen divisions, watering, feeding and dung disposal systems. Replies from 105 producers keeping grower-finisher pigs were included in the analysis, 50.5 per cent of which had had a scour problem at some time in the previous three years. The causes of scour had been identified as colitis (34.3 per cent), swine dysentery (10.5 per cent) or porcine enteropathy (3.8 per cent). There was a significant association between the following factors and the occurrence of diarrhoea in grower-finisher pigs: the use of water medication for weaners (odds ratio = 11.8; P = 0.002), the tail-docking of piglets (odds ratio = 8.6; P = 0.003), the use of a wet feeding system for finishers (odds ratio = 5.9; P = 0.009), finishers housed on partially slatted floors (odds ratio = 3.6; P = 0.044), and the use of an isolation procedure for incoming breeding stock involving exposure to dung (odds ratio = 3.5; P = 0.046). The use of disinfectant in the preparation of pens between batches of pigs appeared to be protective (odds ratio = 0.3; P = 0.046).
Vet Rec 1999 Mar 27
PMID:Epidemiology of enteric disease in grower-finisher pigs: a postal survey of pig producers in England. 1023 11

Escherichia coli O26:K60, with genetic attributes consistent with a potentially human enterohaemorrhagic E. coli was isolated from the faeces of an eight-month-old heifer with dysentery. Attaching and effacing lesions were identified in the colon of a similarly affected heifer examined postmortem, and shown to be associated with E. coli O26 by specific immunolabelling.
Vet Rec 1999 Sep 25
PMID:Attaching and effacing lesions in the large intestine of an eight-month-old heifer associated with Escherichia coli O26 infection in a group of animals with dysentery. 1057 94

Faeces samples were taken three times at two-week intervals, from the farrowing units of four herds of known Brachyspira (formerly Serpulina) status and one of unknown Brachyspira status. Brachyspira hyodysenteriae, Brachyspira pilosicoli, Brachyspira intermedia and Brachyspira group III were isolated from the faecal samples from the weaners in the herds using either a maximum of 50 ppm of olaquindox or no feed additives. The detection rates were relatively consistent. However, B hyodysenteriae was not detected at one sampling in a known positive herd. The prevalence of Brachyspira species was also studied in feeder pigs originating from LSO 2000 health class farrowing units, comparable with specific pathogen-free herds. These farms were free from swine dysentery, sarcoptic mange, swine enzootic pneumonia and progressive atrophic rhinitis. Fifty of 428 herds were sampled once. B hyodysenteriae was not isolated from any of them, but B intermedia, B pilosicoli and Brachyspira group III were isolated from five, 14 and 37 of the herds, respectively. The detection of Brachyspira species did not relate to the prevalence of diarrhoea in the herds, as judged by the farmers. The herds using carbadox (40 to 50 ppm) had a lower prevalence of Brachyspira species than those using olaquindox (40 to 50 ppm).
Vet Rec 2000 Mar 18
PMID:Detectability and prevalence of Brachyspira species in herds rearing health class feeder pigs in Finland. 1077 42

Pathogenic intestinal spirochaetes of pigs include Brachyspira (formerly Serpulina) hyodysenteriae, the cause of swine dysentery, and Brachyspira pilosicoli, the cause of porcine colonic spirochetosis (PCS). The purpose of this study was to assess the relative importance of Brachyspira species in diarrhoeal disease of growing pigs on farms in southern Brazil. The intensity and pattern of haemolysis, the production of indole and the hydrolysis of hippurate by reference and field porcine intestinal spirochaetes were compared with 16S-ribosomal RNA (mRNA)- and 23S-rRNA-based polymerase chain reaction assays for the identification of B hyodysenteriae and B pilosicoli. Between July and October 1998, 206 rectal swabs were taken from pigs on 17 farms with a history of diarrhoea developing within 30 days after they had been moved from nursery to growing facilities. Of 49 beta-haemolytic spirochaetes that were cultured, 29 (59.2 per cent) were grown in pure culture for phenotypic and genotypic characterisation, leaving 20 untyped. Of the 29 typed isolates, eight isolates obtained from six farms were identified as B hyodysenteriae, and 15 isolates obtained from seven other farms were identified as B pilosicoli; the remaining six isolates were identified as weakly beta-haemolytic commensal spirochaetes. There was complete agreement between the results of the phenotypic and genotypic analyses.
Vet Rec 2000 Apr 01
PMID:Prevalence of Brachyspira species isolated from diarrhoeic pigs in Brazil. 1079 68


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