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An eruptive condition seen on certain mucous membranes of dogs occurs frequently but often asymptomatically. Lesions have been found to be present in over 60 percent of male dogs. The infection is probably due to a canine herpes virus and has been termed conveniently but inaccurately "dog pox". In many cases lesions are present without observable clinical signs but severe irritation, especially related to lesions in the lower bowel, can give rise to marked symptoms which may be confused with abnormality of the para-anal sacs, or to chronic diarrhoea of a type suggestive of colitis. The incidence, sites of infection and possible syndromes which may be ascribed to the condition are briefly discussed on a clinical basis only.
Vet Rec 1975 Apr 05
PMID:"Dog pox": some clinical aspects of an eruptive condition of certain mucous surfaces in dogs. 16 10

A retrospective analysis of the clinical and laboratory findings from 51 adult horses with chronic diarrhoea revealed that the most common conditions were larval cyathostomiasis (14 cases), idiopathic chronic colitis (nine cases) and alimentary lymphoma (five cases). Five animals had diarrhoea as a result of non-alimentary disease. A diagnosis was reached in 37 cases, but only 15 were made ante mortem. Among the 18 animals (35 per cent) which survived, there were five cases of larval cyathostomiasis, one case of colonic impaction and 12 cases were undiagnosed. The most frequent abnormalities detected in blood samples from the horses were neutrophilia, hypoalbuminaemia, hyperglobulinaemia and high alkaline phosphatase activity. Evidence of carbohydrate malabsorption was found in 16 of 28 cases in which oral glucose tolerance tests were performed. No diagnostic specificity was apparent in either the clinical signs or the laboratory findings.
Vet Rec 1992 Mar 14
PMID:Chronic diarrhoea in adult horses: a review of 51 referred cases. 156 33

Thirteen cases of iatrogenic and bilateral keratoconjunctivitis sicca following the administration of the sulphonamide salicylazosulphapyridine (sulphasalazine) for the treatment of colitis were studied. No breed, age or sex incidence was noted in this series, unlike in keratoconjunctivitis sicca cases due to other causes. The lacrimotoxic effect of sulphasalazine was permanent except in one case and it is suggested that dogs on this drug should be monitored for tear secretion at regular intervals. Reports of a similar association between keratoconjunctivitis sicca and this drug and between the disease and other sulphonamides and compounds are discussed.
Vet Rec 1985 Apr 13
PMID:Keratoconjunctivitis sicca in the dog associated with the administration of salicylazosulphapyridine (sulphasalazine). 286 Jul 50

A study was carried out on the bacteriological faecal flora of horses before and after oral doses of oxytetracycline or trimethoprim plus sulphadiazine. Administration of oxytetracycline was rapidly followed by large increases in counts of coliforms. Bacteroides and Streptococcus species, the disappearance of Veillonella species, the appearance of Clostridium perfringens type A in large numbers and the accumulation of watery fluid in the rectal contents. These changes were not seen following administration of trimethoprim-sulphadiazine and it was concluded that oral treatment of horses with this combination was unlikely to be accompanied by the hazard of inducing colitis.
Vet Rec 1982 Oct 02
PMID:Comparative effects of oral administration of trimethoprim/sulphadiazine or oxytetracycline on the faecal flora of horses. 629 50

Pure cultures of an isolate of Campylobacter coli obtained from small intestinal lesions in a seven-day-old piglet were used to inoculate hysterectomy derived, colostrum deprived piglets, conventional sucking piglets and conventional weaned pigs in three separate controlled experiments. Rectal temperatures rose to 40 degrees C in inoculated hysterectomy derived, colostrum deprived pigs within four days of infection and a mucoid yellowish diarrhoea containing occasional flecks of blood developed. C coli was isolated only from the faeces of the infected pigs and from all levels of their intestines at post mortem examination 12 days after inoculation. The small intestine was flaccid, pale and thickened in all cases, the contents were mucoid, the mucosa was hyperaemic and the mesenteric lymph nodes were enlarged. Mild villous atrophy and inflammatory changes were seen in the small intestines of the inoculated pigs. Mild colitis was present in both inoculated animals and controls. Agglutinating antibody to the inocular strain of C coli was present only in sera from the inoculated pigs at titres of up to 1:640. Similar changes were seen in conventional sucking piglets but in the weaned pigs no definite clinical signs were observed although the pathological changes were present. Both C coli and other enteric pathogens were present in the herd of origin of the conventional pigs.
Vet Rec 1982 Sep 04
PMID:Production of enteritis in pigs by the oral inoculation of pure cultures of Campylobacter coli. 713 71

A weakly beta-haemolytic spirochaete, isolate P43/6/78, was isolated from a pig with diarrhoea and found not to fluoresce with a specific fluorescent antiserum to Treponema hyodysenteriae. Pure cultures of this spirochaete were used to inoculate experimental pigs. Diarrhoea, containing clear mucus, and, in one case, blood occurred in four of the eight animals inoculated. Colitis was present in six of the eight inoculated pigs at necropsy. Excess clear mucus and punctate haemorrhages were seen on the colonic mucosa and spirochaetes resembling isolate P43/6/78 were reisolated from the affected mucosa. The feed conversion efficiency and growth rate of affected pigs was reduced when compared with controls. Isolate P43/6/78 differed from T hyodysenteriae in its cultural, ultrastructural, biochemical and antigenic characters. On these grounds, and because of the clinical and pathological syndrome produced, it was considered to belong to a species other than T hyodysenteriae.
Vet Rec 1980 Apr 12
PMID:Production of diarrhoea and dysentery in pigs by feeding pure cultures of a spirochaete differing from Treponema hyodysenteriae. 737 84

A strain of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis (NCTC 12718), isolated from a seven-week-old pig suffering from an ulcerative typhlocolitis, was inoculated orally into 16 growing pigs in two separate experiments. At necropsy 10 days later, typhlocolitis was present in nine of the pigs, and it was accompanied by diarrhoea in four cases. In both the original case and in the experimental pigs, the typhlocolitis was characterised by microabscesses of the lamina propria, frequently involving ulceration or erosion of the surface epithelium. The organism was of serotype IIa, which has not been isolated previously from pigs in the United Kingdom. Y pseudotuberculosis may be the aetiological agent responsible in some cases of porcine colitis syndrome.
Vet Rec 1994 Jul 16
PMID:Pathogenicity of a strain of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis isolated from a pig with porcine colitis syndrome. 797 86

An enteric disease has occurred for four consecutive years (1989 to 1992) in a spring-calving beef suckler herd in east central Scotland affecting seven- to 12-week-old beef calves. The affected animals remained pyrexic (40 to 42 degrees C) with an acute enteritis which progressed in some cases to severe mucohaemorrhagic colitis. Despite intensive antibiotic and fluid therapy 25 per cent of the affected calves died after five to 10 days of illness. Post mortem examination revealed ulceration and necrosis of the mucosa of the abomasum and small and large intestine. Haematological examinations revealed a severe, non-regenerative neutropenia. Histopathological examination of gut and associated lymphoid tissue revealed lesions similar to those described in bovine viral diarrhoea/mucosal disease (BVD/MD) infection but detailed investigations failed to reveal evidence of active BVD virus infection in the herd. No aetiological agent has been found in association with this disease, for which the term necrotic enteritis is proposed.
Vet Rec 1994 Mar 19
PMID:Necrotic enteritis of unknown aetiology in young beef calves at pasture. 805 16

Spirochaetes isolated from field samples of diarrhoea, 'colitis' and mucoid diarrhoea from pigs were examined by a series of cultural, biochemical and serological tests. In addition sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was used to determine whether the organisms possessed a 16 kDa protein thought to distinguish Serpulina hyodysenteriae from S innocens. Spirochaetal isolates which differed culturally and biochemically from S hyodysenteriae were found to possess a 16 kDa protein. One of these isolates was examined by electron microscopy and found to have an ultrastructure differing from that of S hyodysenteriae. Antiserum to the 16 kDa antigen of S hyodysenteriae reacted with isolate S80/5, the homologous strain, and with B78, the type species, but not with the 16 kDa antigens of the field isolates considered to be S hyodysenteriae or with the non-S hyodysenteriae spirochaetes. It was concluded that there may be a family of 16 kDa proteins located on the envelope of various spirochaetes responsible for diarrhoea in pigs.
Vet Rec 1993 Sep 04
PMID:16 kDa envelope proteins in non-Serpulina hyodysenteriae spirochaetes isolated from pigs. 823 39

Investigations into the possible causes of colitis and typhlocolitis were carried out on 85 pig units in the United Kingdom between 1992 and 1996. Serpulina pilosicoli was identified most commonly, occurring as the suggested primary agent on 21 (25 per cent) of the units but forming part of mixed infections on another 23 (27 per cent) of the units, the main co-infections being Yersinia pseudotuberculosis (eight units), proliferative enteropathy (six units), Salmonella species (four units) or Serpulina hyodysenteriae (two units). 'Atypical' Serpulina species, S hyodysenteriae, Salmonella typhimurium, Y pseudotuberculosis and Lawsonia intracellularis (proliferative enteropathy) were the suggested primary agents on seven, six, four, four and three units, respectively. Various combinations of mixed infections involving the latter organisms and other possibly incidental agents were recorded on another 10 units. Investigations on a further six units failed to detect any recognised pathogens. On units where S pilosicoli was the suggested primary agent, pigs ranging between 20 to 40 kg (eight to 16 weeks of age), but occasionally up to 50 kg, had diarrhoea and grew poorly over a period of two to three weeks. The prevalence was estimated to be between 5 and 15 per cent in affected batches, with a mortality of approximately 1 per cent. The clinical signs usually developed seven to 14 days after the moving and mixing of pigs. At postmortem examination, affected pigs had liquid contents in their colon, which contained accumulations of mucus in some chronic cases. Gross and histological lesions of colitis were prominent in the mid-spiral region of the colon. In mixed infections with Y pseudotuberculosis, Salmonella typhimurium or S hyodysenteriae, lesions were more extensive and affected the caecum as well as the colon. In the colon, lesions of proliferative enteropathy were usually confined to the proximal half of the ascending spiral but mixed infection with S pilosicoli caused more extensive colitis. Mixed infections were reported to prolong the time taken for pigs to recover naturally and to have a more detrimental effect on growth rates than S pilosicoli infection alone. Despite the successful treatment of batches of pigs with tiamulin or lincomycin, S pilosicoli infection persisted as a chronic problem on many units, with diarrhoea and colitis in successive batches of pigs unless prophylactic medication was used.
Vet Rec 1998 Mar 07
PMID:Investigations into field cases of porcine colitis with particular reference to infection with Serpulina pilosicoli. 954 64


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