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This report is based on data from 9 cats: 4 were queens, of which 3 were pregnant, 5 were neutered cats, 2 male and 3 female, which had been receiving megestrol acetate (MA) for the treatment of miliary eczema for periods of 14 months to 5 years. In all cats the condition was painless. There was gross enlargement of the mammary glands. In 2 cases the skin over the glands was ulecerated. Ovaro-hysterectomy was done on the 3 pregnant queens. The other 6 cases were diagnosed from biopsy specimens. The lesions were then excised. Following ovaro-hysterectomy, the lesions softened and gradually regressed. In the neutered cats no recurrence occurred during the follow-up period. Histological studies showed only benign changes with fibroglandular hyperactivity. An excess of progesterone has been suggested as a cause. The MA therapy cannot be excluded as a cause in some cases. Differentiation of this condition from adenocarcinoma is important. The distinction may be made by histological study of biopsy specimens.
Vet Rec 1977 Apr 02
PMID:Non-neoplastic memmary hypertrophy in the cat associated either with pregnancy or with oral progestagen therapy. 87 Oct 52

An epidemiological survey involving 132 cats with mammary neoplasia, seen at 15 North American veterinary medical teaching hospitals, was conducted. The ratio of malignant to benign tumours was 9:1. There were 113 cases of carcinomas of all types (including two males), with adenocarcinoma being the predominant cell-type. Relative risk analysis indicated that the Siamese breed had twice the risk (P less than 0.01) of developing mammary carcinoma compared to all breeds combined. The age at diagnosis in Siamese females tended to be younger than in other breeds. Comparison of clinical and pathological features of breast cancer suggests that the cat is an appropriate surrogate for the experimental study of human breast cancer. The apparent lack of oestrogen dependency in feline breast cancer also suggests that the cat may be especially suited for evaluating therapeutic regimens for breast cancers that do not respond to hormonal manipulation.
Vet Rec 1981 May 30
PMID:Epidemiological features of feline mammary carcinoma. 725 36

The history, clinical signs and radiographic and ultrasonographic findings in 16 dogs with pancreatic neoplasia were reviewed retrospectively. Thirteen of the dogs had islet cell carcinoma compatible with insulinoma, one had a pancreatic adenocarcinoma and two had secondary invasion of the pancreas, one by a gastric carcinoma and one by an intestinal lymphoma. The clinical signs in the 13 dogs with insulinoma included collapse in 10 dogs, ataxia in seven, weakness in five, and seizures in two. Two of the 16 dogs had jaundice due to biliary obstruction by the primary tumour or metastases. The sensitivities for pancreatic neoplasia were three of 16 (19 per cent) for radiography and 12 of 16 (75 per cent) for ultrasonography; the sensitivities for metastasis were two of 11 (18 per cent) for radiography and six of 11 (55 per cent) for ultrasonography. Biliary obstruction was detected by ultrasonography in both affected dogs.
Vet Rec 1995 Jul 15
PMID:Ultrasonography of pancreatic neoplasia in the dog: a retrospective review of 16 cases. 853 34

Type II pneumocytes were found to be preferentially located on thick elastic fibers which formed the main structural framework of the alveoli in humans. Eight lobes resected from eight patients with adenocarcinoma or atypical adenomatous hyperplasia and two lobes from two necropsies were examined. Four small specimens of normal lung tissue were obtained from each lobe fixed in a buffered formalin. Thick sections (200-300 microm) were stained with hematoxylin to contrast nuclei or with elastica staining to demonstrate elastic fibers and immunostained with an antibody against Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen after pretreatment with sialidase to visualize type II pneumocytes. Alveolar structure and the distribution of type II pneumocytes were examined in 3D reconstructions generated using a standard microscope, a personal computer and NIH-Image software. Nuclei including those of type I and type II pneumocytes and endothelial cells were distributed diffusely throughout the alveolar wall. Thick elastic fibers constructed the main structural framework of the alveoli and formed the sides of the polygonal alveoli. Type II pneumocytes were found to be linearly located along these thick elastic fibers. This previously undisclosed distribution of type II pneumocytes may be concerned with alveolar rapid movement.
Anat Rec 2000 01 01
PMID:Type II pneumocytes are preferentially located along thick elastic fibers forming the framework of human alveoli. 1060 46

Metastasis, a major factor contributing to poor prognosis of cancer patients, is caused by a complex series of events that involve many genes. To investigate this process, we analyzed by differential display three cell lines that had been established from a murine colon adenocarcinoma (colon 26), NL4, NL17, and NL22, each of which possessed a different potential for metastasis in mice. We report here the identification of a novel gene, ream (reduced expression associated with metastasis), which showed significantly lower expression in NL17 and NL22 with a high potential for metastasis than in NL4 without a metastatic potential. The human counterpart of murine ream expressed two sizes of transcript, 4.4 kb and 1.8 kb, both encoding the same 367-amino acid peptide, which appeared to contain four membrane-spanning regions. The cDNA showed no significant homology to any known genes in the public database. Human REAM was found to lie within an 800-kb segment of 8p21.3-22, where we had previously identified a commonly deleted region in colorectal and hepatocellular carcinomas. Its expression was reduced in more than half of the human colorectal cancers we examined, particularly in advanced stages with liver metastasis. Furthermore, we identified somatic mutations of this gene in a colorectal cancer, a hepatocellular carcinoma, and a nonsmall lung cancer among 111 human tumors of various stages examined.
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PMID:Isolation of a novel gene on 8p21.3-22 whose expression is reduced significantly in human colorectal cancers with liver metastasis. 1091 88

The plasma concentrations of total calcium, ionised calcium, albumin, parathyroid hormone and parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrp) were measured in 25 dogs with lymphoma, nine dogs with primary hyperparathyroidism and seven dogs with adenocarcinoma of the apocrine gland of the anal sac. Plasma total calcium, ionised calcium, albumin and parathyroid hormone-related protein were measured in 18 clinically normal control dogs. The concentration of PTHrp was high in 12 of the 14 dogs that were hypercalcaemic because of an underlying malignancy but was within the reference range in all the control dogs, in the 17 normocalcaemic dogs with lymphoma and in the seven dogs which were hypercalcaemic because of a parathyroid adenoma.
Vet Rec 2006 Dec 16
PMID:Plasma concentrations of parathyroid hormone-related protein in dogs with potential disorders of calcium metabolism. 1717 77

The principles of maedi-visna eradication programmes were applied to a field trial for the eradication of ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma (OPA). In two maternal flocks the prevalence of gross and histological lesions in slaughtered animals was 18.3 per cent and 29.8 per cent, respectively. The lambing period was supervised for three consecutive years from 1999 to 2001, during which the lambs were taken away from their mothers at birth, deprived of maternal colostrum, and hand-reared away from other sheep. Over the three-year period, 322 hand-reared animals, mainly male lambs between 10 and 14 months old, were slaughtered; their lungs were examined grossly, 52.5 per cent of them were examined histologically, and 105 samples of caudal mediastinal lymph nodes were examined by PCR. No OPA tumours were detected in the slaughter specimens from the derived flock, but one lamb had histological lesions in one lung location; intrauterine transmission was ruled out in this case. No clinical OPA has subsequently been observed in the hand-reared flock. Bronchoalveolar lavage samples from the breeding stock were examined by PCR in order to rule out further subclinical cases of OPA. No Jaagsiekte retrovirus was detected in any of the 488 samples.
Vet Rec 2007 Jul 28
PMID:Eradication of ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma by motherless rearing of lambs. 1766 Apr 66

ING4, as a novel candidate tumor suppressor gene, has been implicated in several human malignances by tumor growth inhibition and apoptosis enhancement. The mechanism of ING4 remains largely unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate the inhibitory tumor growth effects of ING4 on lung adenocarcinoma, and its mechanism, by ING4 cDNA transduction into A549 cells. Furthermore, the expression level of ING4 in lung adenocarcinoma tissues was examined. The expression of ING4 was markedly reduced in human lung adenocarcinoma tissues. Overexpression of ING4 can induce growth inhibition in A549 cells both in vitro and in vivo, and also induce up-regulation of p27, down-regulation of cyclinD1, SKP2, and Cox2, and inactivation of the Wnt-1/beta-catenin pathway. Moreover, overexpression of ING4 can enhance the sensitivity of A549 cells to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Thus, ING4 may play an inhibitory role on A549 cell proliferation and tumor growth in lung adenocarcinoma by up-regulation or down-regulation of cell proliferation-regulating proteins such as p27, cyclinD1, SKP2, and Cox2 by means of inactivation of Wnt-1/beta-catenin signaling.
Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2008 May
PMID:ING4 induces cell growth inhibition in human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells by means of Wnt-1/beta-catenin signaling pathway. 1839 50

Differently graded areas of human prostate adenocarcinoma were examined after Masson's trichrome staining or immunohistochemistry for smooth muscle alpha-actin, type IV collagen and laminin. In addition, the ultrastructure of the prostatic smooth muscle cells (SMC) during glandular proliferation and epithelial invasion in selected tumors was studied. The SMC formed a thick layer below the epithelial structures in unaffected areas and were closely associated with each other in homotypic interactions. As the tumor grade increased, the SMC gradually lost interactions with each other and became atrophic. With the growth of the epithelial compartment, the SMC initially segregated to the tumor periphery and the intercellular spaces increased. In high grade tumors, the epithelial cancer cells invaded the spaces between the SMC. Immunohistochemical analysis of the basal membrane revealed increased disruption of the usually thick basal membrane, which became thinner and faintly stained with each of the antibodies used. We conclude that most SMC become atrophic following epithelial invasion in human tumors and that degradation of the basal membrane is an important factor in this process. At the ultrastructural level, different SMC phenotypes occur in prostatic tissues during epithelial invasion. Interconversion between these phenotypes is suggested and a probable relationship among them is proposed.
Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2008 Sep
PMID:Anatomy of smooth muscle cells in nonmalignant and malignant human prostate tissue. 1872 55

Pancreatitis-associated protein (PAP) is a secretory protein that is not only expressed during acute pancreatitis but also in pancreatic adenocarcinoma, gastric carcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, and colorectal carcinoma. Expression in carcinoma might be another characteristic of PAP. The aim of our study was to assess, in 27 patients undergoing surgery for colorectal carcinoma, the expression of the PAP mRNA and to evaluate its association with DNA ploidy and proliferative activity (S-phase fraction, SPF) by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and flow cytometric analysis (FCM). PAP mRNA was expressed in 29.6% (8 of 27) of the patients with colorectal carcinoma. DNA aneuploid and high SPF were found in 87.5% (7 of 8) of patients with PAP mRNA positive colorectal carcinoma. The serum PAP level was significantly elevated in patients with colorectal carcinoma when compared with the healthy subjects. Twelve of the 27 patients with colorectal carcinoma had high serum PAP concentrations (>25 ng/mL) and the mean SPF was 17.82% +/- 8.02%, which was significantly higher compared with the normal colorectal tissue group (7.33% +/- 3.18%, P < 0.05). The mean serum PAP concentration of DNA aneuploidy colorectal carcinomas was 46.67 +/- 17.58 ng/mL, which was significantly different when compared with the DNA diploidy group (19.18 +/- 8.89 ng/mL, P < 0.05). PAP mRNA expression and serum PAP levels are closely related to neoplastic proliferative activity in patients with colorectal carcinoma. No significant differences are observed between PAP mRNA expression and clinicopathologic parameters (P > 0.05).
Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2009 Feb
PMID:Pancreatitis-associated protein is related closely to neoplastic proliferative activity in patients with colorectal carcinoma. 1905 Dec 57


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