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Reticular and collagenous fibers stain differently when subjected to ammoniacal silver reduction. A variety of tissues were subjected to such a "reticulin" technique and the association of reaction product with intercellular connective tissue elements was studied with the electron microscope. The reaction with reticular fibers was primarily associated with the interfibrillar matrix, and was globular in form having a wide variety of particle sizes. Conversely, in dermal collagen the unit fibrils were stained rather than the interfibrillar matrix. The precipitate was punctate in form and was associated with the cross striations of unit collagen fibrils. Large microfibrils also reacted positively with the stain, imparting a faint periodicity. Basement membranes were stained uniquely. The underlying plasmalemma and the lamina densa were heavily stained with silver while the lamina lucida was relatively unstained. The unit fibrils of the lamina reticularis stained in the same manner as dermal unit collagen while the ground substance remained unstained. This represents a clear distinction between the argentophilic characteristics of collagenous fibers, reticular fibers, and basement membranes.
Anat Rec 1977 Feb
PMID:Ultrastructural distinction between reticular and collagenous fibers with an ammoniacal silver stain. 6 85

Pieces of upper lip and lower jaw from 13-day old mouse embryos grown in organ culture with excess vitamin A showed metaplastic changes in epidermis and hair follicles after 7 to 21 days. Changes were less marked in upper lip explants from 15-day old embryos. Areas of keratinizing epidermis showed a much higher incidence of Alcian blue-positive bodies when excess vitamin A was present. Histochemical tests with Alcian blue at critical electrolyte concentrations indicated moderately sulfated acidic mucosubstances in these bodies. Other patches of epidermis were transformed into stratified cuboidal epithelium producing PAS-positive, Alcian blue-negative, mucosubstances. The hair follicles, transformed by vitamin A into glands, developed three types of epithelium with apical granules, luminal borders and occasional goblet cells, all showing mucosubstances. Tests suggest that both metaplastic epidermis and glands secrete either neutral mucosubstances or non-sulfated acidic mucosubstances. Another response to vitamin A was a rapid loss of glycogen, particularly in hair follicles and the epidermal basal layer. It was concluded that excess vitamin A alters not only the morphogenesis but also the distribution and synthesis of polysaccharides in developing skin.
Anat Rec 1977 Feb
PMID:Histochemical evidence of mucosubstances in the metaplastic epidermis and hair follicles produced in vitro in the presence of excess vitamin A. 6 86


Vet Rec 1977 Jun 04
PMID:Comparison of two dry cow intramammary treatments. 6 58


Anat Rec 1977 Sep
PMID:Light and electron microscopic histochemistry of the serous secretory granules in the salivary glandular cells of the mongolian gerbil (Mongolian meridianus) and rhesus monkey (Macaca irus). 7 67

The prefusion epithelium of human palatal processes was examined for evidence of specialization which might facilitate epithelial adherence with the opposing palatal process. A surface coat stained with ruthenium red (RR) was found on all apical aspects of the palatal epithelium. In the prefusion regions, RR staining was also observed in the spaces between the superficial cells of the epithelium and in necrotic cells. Adjacent oral and nasal epithelium excluded the RR below the level of the apical junctional complex. In the absence of RR, a dense material was observed in the most superficial intercellular spaces of the prefusion region. Many superficial cells in the area were in various stages of necrosis. The combination of degenerating surface cells and an accumulation of a poly-anionic substance such as glycoprotein may facilitate epithelial adherence between opposing human palatal processes.
Anat Rec 1978 Feb
PMID:Extracellular coat in developing human palatal processes: electron microscopy and ruthenium red binding. 7 98

Ectoparasites of sheep in Britain include the tick Ixodes ricinus, the blowfly, Lucilia sericata, the ked, Melophagus ovinus and the lice, Damalinia ovis and Linognathus ovillus. The most important ectoparasite, however, is the mite Psoroptes communis ovis which causes sheep scab. This notifiable disease was eradicated from Britain in 1952 but was reported again in 1973. The control of ectoparasites depends largely on the efficient application of insecticide to the fleece and skin. Plunge dipping in a bath is generally regarded as the most efficient method and is compulsory for the control of sheep scab but it is not always the most convenient. After the eradication of sheep scab in 1952 plunge dipping was no longer compulsory and jetting, spraying and showering techniques were then employed for the other ectoparasites.
Vet Rec 1978 Jan 21
PMID:The efficacy of showers for control of ectoparasites of sheep. 7 63

Xanthosis is seen in cattle in the abattoir. It is characterised by a dark brown colour of the heart muscle and certain skeletal muscles such as the masseter because of the presence of lipofuscin pigment. In a survey of its prevalence in 1000 cattle of varying breeds xanthosis was identified in about 25 per cent of Ayrshire cattle and the occasional Ayrshire cross. It was not seen in other breeds. The incidence of one affected and three normal suggests that this condition may result from the inheritance of a simple recessive gene. The relationship of xanthosis to brown atrophy is discussed.
Vet Rec 1978 Feb 04
PMID:Xanthosis, an abnormal pigmentation of cattle. 7 64

The Fink-Heimer silver impregnation and the autoradiographic methods were used to study the fiber projections of the cingulate cortex in the squirrel monkey. It was found that this cortex provides inputs to the straitum, thalamus and several areas of isocortex. Evidence was found for a number of fiber projections (1) Fibers from the anterior limbic area were traced to the central part of the head of the caudate nucleus, putamen, septum, dorsomedial nucleus of the thalamus, anterior hypothalamus and lateral basal nucleus of the amygdala. (2) Projections from the cingulate area were traced to the lateral part of the head of the caudate nucleus, putamen, and to the centromedian, anterior, lateral dorsal, and lateral ventral thalamic nuclei and to medial nuclei of the base of the pons. (3) There were porjections from the retrosplenial area of the anterior, lateral dorsal, dorsomedial, and posterior thalamic nuclei and lateral nuclei of the pons. These results indicate that most of the cingulate gyrus is an intermediate structure between the thalamus and overlying cortex. The anterior limbic area forms a bridge between the thalamus and other areas of the cingulate gyrus and the frontal cortex. (4) the retrosplenial area and the posterior part of the cingulate area bridge the adjacent visual snesory association cortex and pelvic areas of the snesory motor cortex, respectively. These areas of the cingulate gyrus project directly to the striatum as well as to the thalamus, structurally providing limbic system input to subcortical motor structures.
Anat Rec 1978 Apr
PMID:The cingulate bridge between allocortex, isocortex and thalamus. 7 52


Vet Rec 1978 Jun 17
PMID:Dealing with data: the practical use of numerical information--(3) Data collection and display. 7 63

Epithelial cells of the several subtypes that comprise the small-granule cell population of the respiratory system are little studied, partly because adequate silver, monoamine fluorescence and other specific light microscopical preparations have been more difficult to obtain than in the gut and other organs possessing diffuse endocrine systems. Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) in combination with MacConaill-Solcia's lead hematoxylin has in our hands proven dependable for routine staining of serial 2-micrometer glycol methacrylate sections used in mapping the distributions of these cells along the airway. In lungs of mice, hamsters, kittens, and fetal rabbits, typical small-granule cells stain weakly or not at all with lead hematoxylin alone, hence are easily overlooked. PAS adds to the cytoplasm a diffuse magenta coloration; and because it is diastase-resistant, less brilliant than that of mucus but more so than bronchiolar cell secretions, and finer textured than lysosomal staining of other cells present, the effect is to highlight small-granule cells whether solitary or in clusters. Additional PAS staining of basement membranes and lead hematoxylin staining of cilia enhance the combined stain's resolving power. In thyroid gland, parafollicular cells stand out boldly against follicular elements; in small intestine, hematoxylin-positive endocrine cells are well differentiated from absorptive, mucous, and Paneth cells that surround them. Using a complementary monoamine fluorescence technique on plastic sections of lungs from control and 5-hydroxytryptophan-pretreated animals prior to staining, we can show that fluorescent epithelial cells are identical with those stained by PAS-lead hematoxylin.
Anat Rec 1978 Oct
PMID:PAS-lead hematoxylin as a stain for small-granule endocrine cell populations in the lungs, other pharyngeal derivatives and the gut. 8 11


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