Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:Q9UE34 (fibrinogen)
 30,244 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A double blind study of 134 patients was undertaken to compare the effectiveness of hydroxychloroquine sulfate, Plaquenil, and heparin in the prophylaxis of deep venous thrombosis. By the 125I fibrinogen scanning technique, deep venous thrombosis was detected in six patients in the placebo group, in one patient in the Plaquenil group and none in the heparin group. These results indicate that both heparin and Plaquenil do diminish the incidence of thrombosis.
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PMID:Prophylaxis of deep venous thrombosis by hydroxychloroquine sulfate and heparin. 33 43

Two double-blind controlled clinical trials of the effectiveness of prophylactic low dose subcutaneous calcium heparin (dose based on body weight) in the prevention of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) have been completed. The first was concerned with upper abdominal operations in 242 patients over 21 years of age, and the second with 50 patients presenting with a fracture of the neck of the femur. There was no increase in the incidence of bleeding or wound complications in the patients given heparin. In each trial, the incidence of DVT as diagnosed by 125I-labelled fibrinogen was significantly reduced in the treated group. The incidence of DVT in the control groups varied significantly during the period of the trials. The incidence was much higher in the cold half of the year than in the hot months. In the first trial, this variation in incidence was directly correlated with the average temperature and the diurnal variation in temperature in the perioperative period. These results may help to explain the considerable variation in the incidence of postoperative DVT reported from various parts of the world, and also from within Australia.
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PMID:Seasonal variation in the incidence of deep vein thrombosis. 33 89

The British comparative thromboplastin (BCT) was used to monitor the effectiveness of oral anticoagulants in preventing deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in patients undergoing major gynaecological surgery. All patients were screened for DVT with the use of the (125)I-fibrinogen scan.One hundred and forty-five patients aged 40 years or more were randomised into three groups. Group 1 received oral anticoagulant (nicoumalone) treatment, stabilised over five days before surgery and continuing into the second postoperative week. The other patients served as two contrast groups and were managed on a double-blind basis. Group 2 received a subcutaneous low-dose regimen of heparin calcium. Group 3 received subcutaneous saline. Eleven of 48 patients in the saline group, three of 49 patients in the heparin group, and three of 48 patients in the oral anticoagulant group developed DVT as judged by (125)I-fibrinogen scanning. The incidences in groups 1 and 2 were significantly lower than in the saline group. The falls in haemoglobin concentration and incidence of haemorrhage were similar in all three groups.The study showed that oral anticoagulant prophylaxis stabilised preoperatively and low-dose heparin were equally effective in preventing deep vein thrombosis in a moderate-risk group. Immediate preoperative prothrombin ratios of 2.0-2.5 and postoperative ratios of 2.0-4.0 with the BCT gave adequate protection without increased haemorrhagic risk.
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PMID:Oral anticoagulants controlled by the British comparative thromboplastin versus low-dose heparin in prophylaxis of deep vein thrombosis. 34 5

In a prospective randomised trial, two groups of 20 patients each were compared. The first group received low dose heparin (t.i.d.) and the second group received low dose heparin (t.i.d.) combined with aspirin. The incidence of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) were determined using both radioactive fibrinogen uptake test and venography. The correlation between the two methods of diagnosis was better than 90%. There was no significant difference in the incidence of DVT between the two prophylactic regimen. A significant tendancy towards increased bleeding in observed with the combination of low dose heparin and aspirin.
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PMID:Comparision of low dose heparin and low dose heparin combined with aspirin in prevention of deep vein thrombosis after total hip replacement. 35 59

A concentrated and a diluted heparin solution (Vitrum AB) have been evaluated in a controlled blind study, using a standard dosage of 5 000 IU, given every 12 hours subcutaneously. 167 patients undergoing abdominal surgery were randomized into three groups: 63 received diluted heparin 5 000 IU/ml, 43 received concentrated heparin 25 000 IU/ml and 61 patients served as controls. 80 per cent of the patients suffered from malignant disease. Deep venous thrombosis (DVT), diagnosed with the 125I-fibrinogen method, was found in 16% of the patients receiving diluted heparin, in 23% of those receiving concentrated heparin and in 33% of the controls. To evaluate the amount injected, an in vitro experiment was performed in which the intended dose was 5 000 IU. The measured amount of the concentrated heparin solution was significantly less than 5 000 IU. It is concluded that the frequency of DVT after gastrointestinal operations can be reduced significantly (in the present study from 33 to 16%) by administering diluted calcium heparin every 12 hours for 6--8 days. The concentrated heparin solution did not significantly reduce postoperative DVT, possibly on account of variations in the dosage. Diluted heparin prophylaxis can be achieved without serious side effects.
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PMID:Concentrated or diluted heparin prophylaxis of postoperative deep venous thrombosis. 36 24

The efficacy of low-dose subcutaneous heparin (5000 IU eight-hourly) is being studied in a single-centre, prospective randomised trial of patients aged over 40 submitted to major elective intra-abdominal surgery. The trial end-points are the objectively defined incidence and extent of deep vein thrombosis (as seen on uptake of 125I-labelled fibrinogen, Doppler ultrasonography, and bilateral ascending phlebography) and non-fatal pulmonary embolus (as measured by preoperative spirometry and preoperative and postoperative chest radiography and perfusion lung scanning performed on a routine, unselected basis). An interim analysis of the first 200 patients indicates that low-dose heparin significantly reduces the incidence of calf-vein thrombosis but does not reduce the incidence of proximal segment thrombosis or non-fatal pulmonary embolism. Thus the routine use of low-dose heparin prophylaxis in all major surgical procedures in patients aged over 40 may not be advisable.
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PMID:Failure of low-dose heparin to prevent significant thromboembolic complications in high-risk surgical patients: interim report of prospective trial. Groote Schuur Hospital Thromboembolus Study Group. 38 Jul 42

Forty-four general surgical patients were included in a prospective, randomized double-blind controlled trial of ascorbic acid (500 mg b.d.) or placebo for 7 days before operation. This was to test the hypothesis that vitamin C may reduce the instance of deep venous thrombosis postoperatively. Venous blood samples were taken before entering the trial, just immediately before surgery, on the day of operation and on three further occasions at 3-day intervals postoperatively for leucocyte ascorbic acid concentration (LAC). Venous thrombosis was diagnosed using the 125I-fibrinogen test and the leg scans interpreted by Roberts' criteria. There was no significant difference in the incidence of DVT between the treatment and placebo groups. In those with DVT (n = 23) the mean LAC on the day of operation was not significantly different from that in those without DVT. However, on the sixth and ninth postoperative days LAC levels were significantly lower in the DVT group. These results suggest that the administration of ascorbic acid preoperatively does not reduce the incidence of DVT, but a striking decrease in the LAC levels in the DVT patients is in keeping with the hypothesis that the initial event in the pathogenesis of DVT is adherence of leucocytes to the venous endothelium.
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PMID:Leucocyte ascorbate levels and postoperative deep venous thrombosis. 38 96

A prospective randomized controlled study has been undertaken to evaluate two different prophylactic treatments against postoperative thromboembolic complications after hip surgery. Patients with hip fracture (77) and patients undergoing elective hip arthroplasty (213) were separately randomized into one of three groups: control, dextran 70, or low-dose heparin. Deep vein thrombosis was diagnosed in both groups with the 125I-fibrinogen test and pulmonary perfusion defects in the arthroplasty group with a combination of pulmonary X-ray and perfusion scintigraphy. The frequency of thrombosis was significantly higher in untreated hip fracture patients than in untreated arthroplasty patients. In hip fracture patients both treatments significantly reduced the frequency of thrombosis. Only dextran reduced the frequency of major thrombosis and in the heparin group one fatal pulmonary embolism occurred. After elective hip surgery the overall frequency of thrombosis was not influenced by the two treatments, but with dextran 70 thigh thrombi were reduced and with low-dose heparin the frequency of bilateral thrombosis was reduced. Two patients in the control group died of pulmonary embolism, but the frequency of pulmonary perfusion defects was not influenced by the treatment. Bleeding and transfusions were the same in the three groups.
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PMID:Thromboembolism after elective and post-traumatic hip surgery--a controlled prophylactic trial with dextran 70 and low-dose heparin. 38 76

The [125I]fibrinogen uptake test was modified to give a quick result, and improve sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis of deep venous thrombosis (DVT). At least 800 counts were recorded at each measuring point. The leg veins were emptied more effectively. Thus the proximal thigh could be evaluated and the influence of varicose veins reduced. The feet and the leg points were measured in a zig-zag order (from side to side) to avoid systematic errors in early diagnosis. The modified test detected 62% of the thrombi 1 h after injection, 82% after 1 day and 95% after 2 days. The method still lacks in specificity; this is unavoidable since fibrin accumulates in various other conditions than DVT. The combination of high sensitivity and low specificity makes the modified test reliable as a screening procedure, but not as an independent method.
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PMID:A modified [125I]fibrinogen technique for thrombus detection in the whole leg. 39 97

Blood tests for fibrinogen/fibrin degradation products (FDP/fdp) and soluble fibrin complexes (SFC) were performed in 100 patients at high risk for thromboembolism in order to assess the diagnostic value of these determinations in patients suspected to have pulmonary embolism. Tests were positive significantly less often in high-risk patients, and mean values were significantly lower, when compared with patients with established pulmonary embolism (P less than .001). However, no significant differences existed between high-risk patients and patients with deep venous thrombosis of the legs. Positivity rates and mean values were significantly higher in the presence of pulmonary embolism than in patients with deep venous thrombosis alone (P less than .05). Elevated FDP/fdp and SFC values are useful in the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism in high-risk patients; moreover, positive results in a patient with deep venous thrombosis suggests that pulmonary embolism has occurred.
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PMID:Diagnostic value of tests of fibrin metabolism in patients predisposed to pulmonary embolism. 42 74


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