Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:Q9NRP7 (fused)
 58,367 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A recombinant plasmid pN62 determining the synthesis of a hybrid protein consisting of a full-size beta-galactosidase and C-terminus fragment of influenza A virus nucleoprotein was constructed. The complete identity of pN62 insert with the 3'-terminus cDNA fragment of influenza A virus NP-gene and conservation of beta-galactosidase reading frame was confirmed by Maxam-Gilbert sequencing of pN62. An expression of pN62 plasmid in E. coli JM103 in the presence of IPTG resulted in accumulation of fused protein as poorly soluble inclusion bodies in the bacterial cells. Analysis of E. coli JM103/pN62 bacteria lysates by 7% PAGE revealed that molecular weight of hybrid polypeptide was 18 kDa heavier than normal beta-galactosidase and corresponded to the previously deduced weight of 135 kDa.
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PMID:[The isolation and expression in E. coli of a recombinant plasmid containing the 3'-terminal fragment of the cDNA of the influenza A virus nucleoprotein gene]. 816 Apr 47

SecY, SecE, and band 1 copurify as the SecY/E integral membrane domain of Escherichia coli preprotein translocase. To measure the in vivo association of these polypeptides and assay possible exchange, plasmid-borne secY and secE genes were placed under control of the ara regulon and fused to DNA encoding the influenza hemagglutinin epitope. Cells were incubated with [35S]methionine, grown for a "chase" period, and then induced with arabinose to express epitope-tagged, nonradioactive SecY and SecE. Both the wild-type and epitope-tagged polypeptides assembled into functional, heterotrimeric SecY/E complex. However, immunoprecipitation with antibody to the epitope tag did not cross-precipitate radiolabeled SecY or SecE. Thus, these subunits normally associate stably in vivo.
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PMID:Subunit dynamics in Escherichia coli preprotein translocase. 819 22

The product of the vpr open reading frame of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is a 15-kDa, arginine-rich protein that is present in virions in molar quantities equivalent to that of Gag. We report here the results of our investigations into the mechanism by which Vpr is incorporated into virions during assembly in infected cells. For these studies we used an expression vector encoding a Vpr molecule fused at its amino terminus to a nine-amino-acid peptide from influenza virus hemagglutinin. The tagged Vpr expression vector and a vpr mutant HIV-1 provirus were used to cotransfect COS cells, and the resulting virions were tested for the presence of the tagged protein on immunoblots probed with monoclonal antibody against the hemagglutinin peptide. The COS-produced virions were found to contain readily detectable amounts of tagged Vpr and smaller amounts of a putative tagged Vpr dimer. Infectivity of the particles was not altered by incorporation of tagged Vpr. Our results using this system in combination with mutant HIV-1 proviruses suggested that incorporation of Vpr into virions requires the carboxy-terminal Gag protein of HIV-1 (p6) but not gp160, Pol, or genomic viral RNA. In addition, analysis of mutated, tagged Vpr molecules suggested that amino acids near the carboxy terminus (amino acids 84 to 94) are required for incorporation of Vpr into HIV-1 virions. The single cysteine residue near the carboxy terminus was required for production of a stable protein. Arginine residues tested were not important for incorporation or stability of tagged Vpr. These results suggested a novel strategy for blocking HIV-1 replication.
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PMID:Incorporation of Vpr into human immunodeficiency virus type 1 virions: requirement for the p6 region of gag and mutational analysis. 823 Apr 45

Class III membrane proteins lack cleavable signal peptides but adopt an N-out, C-in topology with respect to their native membranes. We have analysed the fate of two eukaryotic class III plasma membrane proteins, human erythrocyte glycophorin C and influenza A virus M2 protein, in Escherichia coli. The N-terminal domains of both proteins were efficiently localised to the extracytoplasmic side of the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane. When beta-lactamase was fused to the C-terminus of glycophorin C it was localised to the cytoplasm, and protease treatment of spheroplasts caused a reduction in size of the fusion protein consistent with glycophorin C adopting its native topology in E. coli.
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PMID:Assembly of eukaryotic class III (N-out, C-in) membrane proteins into the Escherichia coli cytoplasmic membrane. 840 97

Intermediate lipid structures such as inverted micelles and interlamellar attachments, which can form near liquid crystalline lamellar (L alpha) to inverted hexagonal (HII) phase boundaries, are thought to play a role in membrane fusion. To investigate whether these structures are also involved in influenza hemagglutinin-mediated membrane fusion, measurement of fusion under conditions where such structures could not form was attempted. It was found that the fusion of influenza virus with liposomal membranes containing phosphatidylcholine and gangliosides, which cannot form HII phases, was only slightly slower than fusion with liposomes that also contained the HII competent phosphatidylethanolamine. Furthermore, the virus fused efficiently with liposomes consisting either of pure saturated phosphatidylcholines or phosphatidylcholine/ganglioside mixtures, even when the liposomal membranes were in the gel (L beta') phase and thus far from L alpha/HII transitions. Isolated hemagglutinin, reconstituted into dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine membranes, induced fusion with liposomes composed of dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine and gangliosides at temperatures below the L beta' to L alpha phase transition temperature of dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine. This latter finding excluded the possibility that the viral lipids alone could have formed inverted phase intermediates, thus enabling them to fuse with liposomes that do not contain lipids capable of forming inverted phases. Therefore, it is concluded that structures resembling intermediates in L alpha/HII transitions are most likely not involved in influenza hemagglutinin-mediated fusion.
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PMID:Influenza hemagglutinin-mediated membrane fusion does not involve inverted phase lipid intermediates. 842 Sep 49

A recombinant influenza A vaccine (D protein), comprising a carboxy-terminal sequence from the hemagglutinin HA2 subunit of A/Puerto Rico/8/34 virus (H1N1, A/PR/34) fused to 81 amino-terminal residues of the NS1 nonstructural protein, has previously protected mice against influenza A challenge by inducing H1N1/H2N2 cross-reactive cytotoxic T cells (CTL) without hemagglutination-inhibiting (HI) or neutralizing antibody. In our dose-escalating study, the vaccine was safe in humans and induced both IgG and T cell proliferative responses to D protein but little antibody to A/PR/34 or A/Kawasaki/8/86 (H1N1, A/KW/86) viruses. Among an additional group of A/KW/86-seronegative volunteers immunized with 500 micrograms of D protein, none had a rise in serum HI or neutralizing antibody to A/KW/86, 20% had minimal IgG responses to A/KW/86 by EIA, and a minority had any increase in A/KW/86-specific CTL activity. However, viral shedding and clinical illness score were reduced in vaccines relative to A/KW/86-seronegative unimmunized controls after intranasal challenge with wild-type A/KW/86. D protein immunization conferred significant protective immunity not currently explained by any of the immune parameters measured.
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PMID:Safety and immunogenicity of a recombinant protein influenza A vaccine in adult human volunteers and protective efficacy against wild-type H1N1 virus challenge. 844 Sep 31

Recombinant human T-cell leukemia virus type II (HTLV-II) envelope external glycoprotein, gp46-II, was expressed using a vaccinia virus vector. A recombinant gp46-II fused to an epitope of the influenza virus hemagglutinin, YPYDVPDYA, was purified by immunoaffinity chromatography. The purified glycoprotein was used to immunize Balb/c mice, and antibodies against gp46-II were detected by Western blot analysis and syncytium inhibition assays. We transformed spleen cells from the immunized mice by retroviral infection with ABL-MYC (psi 2) and intraperitoneally transplanted the infected cells into syngeneic Balb/c and severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice. The plasmacytomas established ascitic tumors that produced antibodies directed against HTLV-II gp46-II. Ascites developed more rapidly in SCID mice than in normal syngeneic mice. This procedure provides a general means to generate antibodies rapidly.
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PMID:Rapid generation of antibodies against the HTLV-II external envelope protein by growth of mouse plasmacytomas in SCID mice. 855 76

We have previously described the fact that the individual expression of influenza virus PA protein induced a generalized proteolysis (J.J. Sanz-Ezquerro, S. de la Luna, Ortin, and A. Nieto, J. Virol. 69:2420-2426, 1995). In this study, we have further characterized this effect by mapping the regions of PA protein required and have found by deletion analysis that the first 247 amino acids are sufficient to bring about this activity. PA mutants that were able to decrease the accumulation levels of coexpressed proteins also presented lower steady-state levels due to a reduction in their half-lives. Furthermore, the PA wild type produced a decrease in the stationary levels of different PA versions, indicating that is itself a target for its induced proteolytic process. All of the PA proteins that induced proteolysis presented nuclear localization, being the sequences responsible for nuclear transport located inside the first 247 amino acids of the molecule. To distinguish between the regions involved in nuclear localization and those involved in induction of proteolysis, we fused the nuclear localization signal of the simian virus 40 T antigen to the carboxy terminus of the cytosolic versions of PA. None of the cytosolic PA versions affected in the first 247-amino-acid part of PA, which were now located in the nucleus, were able to induce proteolysis, suggesting that conservation of a particular conformation in this region of the molecule is required for the effect observed. The fact that all of the PA proteins able to induce proteolysis presented nuclear localization, together with the observation that this activity is shared by influenza virus PA proteins from two different type A viruses, suggests a physiological role for this PA protein activity in viral infection.
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PMID:The amino-terminal one-third of the influenza virus PA protein is responsible for the induction of proteolysis. 862 16

The influenza B virus protein, NB, was expressed in Escherichia coli, either with a C-terminal polyhistidine tag or with NB fused to the C-terminus of glutathione S-transferase (GST), and purified by affinity chromatography. NB produced ion channel activity when added to artificial lipid bilayers separating NaCl solutions with unequal concentrations (150-500 mM cis, 50 mM trans). An antibody to a peptide mimicking the 25 residues at the C-terminal end of NB, and amantadine at high concentration (2-3 mM), both depressed ion channel activity. Ion channels had a variable conductance, the lowest conductance observed being approximately 10 picosiemens. At a pH of 5.5 to 6.5, currents reversed at positive potentials indicating that the channel was more permeable to sodium than to chloride ions (PNa/PCl approximately 9). In asymmetrical NaCl solutions at a pH of 2.5, currents reversed closer to the chloride than to the sodium equilibrium potential indicating that the channel had become more permeable to chloride than to sodium ions (PCl/PNa approximately 4). It was concluded that, at normal pHs, NB forms cation-selective channels.
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PMID:Ion channels formed by NB, an influenza B virus protein. 866 76

Reconstituted influenza virus envelopes (virosomes) containing the viral hemagglutinin (HA) represent an efficient fusogenic cellular delivery system. By interaction of HA with its natural receptors, sialylated lipids (gangliosides) or proteins, virosomes bind to cells and, following endocytic uptake, deliver their contents to the cytosol through fusion from within acidic endosomes. Here, we show that binding to sialic acid is not necessary for fusion. In the presence of streptavidin, virosomes containing a biotinylated lipid fused with liposomes lacking sialic acid if these liposomes also had a biotinylated lipid in their membranes. Moreover, fusion characteristics corresponded well with fusion of virosomes with ganglioside-containing liposomes.
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PMID:Fusion of reconstituted influenza virus envelopes with liposomes mediated by streptavidin/biotin interactions. 870 85


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