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Query: UNIPROT:Q9BWK5 (MRI)
 85,401 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Despite the development of modern imaging techniques, no study has been carried out to establish the normal size (particularly the area) of the adult posterior choanae. In this study we present our findings of the normal anatomical sizes of the adult posterior choanae and its relationship to septal deviation, by analysing MRI images of 70 patients. Coronal sections through the sphenoid rostrum and axial sections through the nasal septum were used. There were 32 males and 38 female patients. The age ranged between 18 and 73 years (mean 35.6). Our results show that the posterior choanal dimensions were as follows: right area: 1.35-6.1 cm2 (mean 2.7 cm2); left area: 1.4-5.9 cm2 (mean 2.7 cm2); right width: 0.9-2.1 cm (mean 1.5 cm); left width: 0.9-2.2 cm (mean 1.5 cm); right height: 2.5-4.0 cm (mean 2.6 cm); and left height: 1.5-4.0 cm (mean 2.5 cm). Chi-square analysis showed no statistically significant differences between left- and right-sided measurements. Twenty-three patients had a deviated septum towards the left side, 22 patients towards the right side, and 25 patients had no septal deviation. Chi-square analysis showed no statistical correlation between deviation of the nasal septum and any of the three dimensions of the posterior choanae studied.
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PMID:Does nasal septal deviation influence adult posterior choanal size? 793 48

Combined radiotherapy and chemotherapy have attained good response rates in the treatment of nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC). Despite excellent response rates to initial treatment, however, five year survival rates are reported to be poor. The reason for this poor prognosis is the high rates of local recurrence and distant metastasis. It is therefore thought to be important to detect local recurrence as early as possible. CT scan is useful in the diagnosis of NPC. Asymmetry of the nasopharyngeal cavity proven by CT suggests NPC, and CT is therefore regarded as important in evaluating the efficacy of therapy. We analyzed CT findings in 23 patients with NPC who were treated in the period from 1986 to 1991. Asymmetry on CT after chemoradiotherapy suggests residual tumor or local recurrence, but 10 patients out of 14 with asymmetry survive without recurrence. False positive rate was 71%. Therefore asymmetry seen on CT does not always mean residual tumor or recurrence. MRI is thought to be superior to CT in the diagnosis of NPC because it can discriminate soft tissue and malignant tumors. Even when fiberscopic examination shows no remarkable findings and CT fails to prove asymmetry of the nasopharyngeal cavity, a high signal area on MRI could suggest local residual tumor or local recurrence. False positive rate of MRI is 17%, which is much superior to CT. Also a low-intensity signal on MRI suggests fibrous tissue rather than tumor. Coronal sections of MRI are also useful in diagnosing the extent of recurrent tumor invading the skull base, mesopharynx, or hypopharynx.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:The role of MRI for the diagnosis of recurrence of nasopharyngeal cancer. 798 Jan 92

Longitudinal stress fractures of the tibia are a recognized but unusual finding in long distance runners. Two cases are presented in which the diagnosis on plain films and scintigraphy (in one case) was not evident. Both patients were referred for MRI. Coronal short tau inversion recovery (STIR) sequences demonstrated extensive hyperintense longitudinal intramedullary signal changes in the tibia. T1-weighted spin-echo scans showed corresponding but less extensive regions of reduced signal intensity. In one case, enhancement of this area was seen following i.v. dimeglumine-gadopentetate (Gd-DTPA). Adjacent soft-tissue abnormality and periosteal reaction was seen in one case but in neither patient was a fracture line identified. Thin section CT with sagittal reformats demonstrated an irregular intracortical longitudinal lucent fracture line which was distinct from the nutrient foramen, establishing the diagnosis.
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PMID:Longitudinal stress fractures of the tibia: MRI features in two cases. 808 46

CT myelography and MRI provide the best means of preoperatively assessing patients with spinal deformities. Owing to its noninvasive nature and its superior soft-tissue contrast, MRI represents the single best modality in the evaluation of a patient with any deformity. MRI allows complete preoperative surgical planning and obviates the need for any additional studies. Screening of the entire cord in a patient with a deformity is best accomplished with sagittal and coronal (as needed) T1W images. These images allow assessment of the cord for compression, tethering, syrinx, enlargement, and Arnold-Chiari malformation. Evaluation of cord compression at the apex of a curve is the single most important consideration other than the diagnosis of intrinsic cord abnormality. Subsequent sagittal or axial T2W images may be helpful if specific abnormalities are noted on T1W screening images. Coronal images are particularly helpful in patients with prominent curves or in those with vertebral anomalies. Additionally, coronal images may be useful in assessing patients with suspected diastematomyelia. Advances in hardware and software design have resulted in marked improvements in the ability to satisfactorily image all aspects of patients with spinal deformities. New phased array coils allow rapid imaging of larger portions of the spine. For instance, a complete MRI of the spine can be performed in a child in the same length of time that would have been necessary for a single lumbar examination when MRI was in it's infancy. The use of fast spin-echo imaging also permits more rapid acquisition times. CT myelography remains useful for those patients who cannot undergo MRI or for those with specific abnormalities such as multilevel central spinal stenosis when dynamic information obtained during the myelogram might be helpful. CT myelography represents the only means of assessing the central spinal canal of patients with metallic instrumentation in place. With the exception of these limited applications, MRI has replaced CT myelography as the imaging study of choice in the evaluation and examination of patients with spinal deformities.
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PMID:Imaging evaluation of patients with spinal deformity. 815 99

Three normal volunteers and 20 patients with known Crohn's disease were examined with MRI--at 0.5 Tesla and with a superconductive magnet. Coronal T1-weighted GE images were mainly acquired, before and after i.v. Gd-DTPA injection in breath hold (TR 70 ms, TE 13 ms, FA 70 degrees). MR findings were compared with the results of small and large bowel enema. In 6 patients (30%) the abnormal loops were missed. In the other 14 patients (70%) MRI did depict the affected loops in the same sites as depicted by conventional radiography. The bowel wall was thickened (4-10 mm) in all patients. In 10 patients the thickened wall was markedly enhanced after Gd-DTPA injection. In 6 patients MRI demonstrated disease complications--i.e., stenoses, fistulae and abscesses--missed by conventional radiography. In 7 patients MRI showed the bowel to be more involved than demonstrated by conventional studies. Bowel wall thickening appeared to be a constant and reliable sign of disease. Wall enhancement was a less frequent sign but, when present, it was considered as characteristic as wall thickening. In the staging of Crohn's disease, MRI yields more pieces of information than conventional radiography and depicts the involvement of the intestinal wall and of its surrounding spaces.
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PMID:[Magnetic resonance imaging of the small intestine and colon in Crohn's disease]. 861 37

Stereotactic techniques are commonly used to place intracerebral depth electrodes. We placed 15 depth electrodes (9R, 6L) freehand, orthogonally into temporal lobes in 12 patients undergoing monitoring with subdural strip electrodes in the evaluation of their intractable epilepsy. Coronal MRI was performed with the electrodes in place. The mean distance from the closest depth electrode contact to the hippocampus was 0.8 mm (range 0-5 mm). In 11 instances the closest contact was either within or making contact with the hippocampus, and in another three it was within 3 mm. For 13 electrodes, the most distal contact was the closest to the hippocampus, for two the penultimate contact was closest. There were no complications from electrode placement. Ictal onset was mesial temporal in 11 patients and frontal in one. Temporal onset was detectable in the depth electrode in each case, usually simultaneously with the onset in the subdural electrode although often the discharge was better developed in the depth electrode. We conclude that freehand placement of depth electrodes orthogonally into the temporal lobe can achieve a degree of accuracy sufficient to localize seizure onset in the mesial temporal lobe.
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PMID:MRI confirmation of accuracy of freehand placement of mesial temporal lobe depth electrodes in the investigation of intractable epilepsy. 886 9

We report intrathecal use of gadolinium DTPA for MRI of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). In two patients with leptomeningeal carcinomatosis, we injected 0.01 mmol gadolinium DTPA into the lateral ventricle via an Ommaya device. Coronal T1-weighted images of the head were obtained at 0.2 T prior to and after injection. There was pronounced enhancement of CSF close to the injection site, allowing good delineation of CSF and surrounding brain tissue. No side effects occurred. MRI with intrathecal administration of highly diluted gadolinium DTPA may be a promising alternative to conventional investigation of CSF-filled cavities using iodinated X-ray contrast media or radionuclides.
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PMID:Magnetic resonance ventriculography with gadolinium DTPA: report of two cases. 922 21

The study was performed to determine the diagnostic value of different MR systems and field strengths in patients with occult scaphoid and wrist fractures. Twelve patients with clinical suspicion of a scaphoid fracture but normal plain radiographs were examined by MRI. A dedicated 0.2-T unit (Esaote) and a 1.0-T unit (NT10, Philips) were used. Coronal T1W-SE, STIR, and T2*W-GE sequences were obtained with both systems. Images were evaluated for a bone marrow abnormality, a trabecular or cortical fracture line, and were compared to the 6-week follow-up radiographs. Seven wrist fractures were found at 0.2 T and 1.0 T, proven in the follow-up radiographs. A bone marrow abnormality was present in all seven fractures on both systems. Trabecular and cortical fracture lines were visualized at 0.2 T in four cases and at 1.0 T in seven cases. Low-field MR imaging at 0.2 T and mid-field MR imaging at 1.0 T seem to be equivalent in the diagnosis of a fracture in radiographically occult scaphoid and wrist fractures. In the visualization of fracture details, important for therapeutic and prognostic considerations, 1.0 T seems to be superior.
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PMID:[MRI in radiologically occult scaphoid fractures. Initial experiences with 1.0 Tesla (whole body-middle field equipment) versus 0.2 Tesla (dedicated low-field equipment)]. 945 75

Renal MR contrast enhancement depends on the timing of image acquisition. Limited human trials have demonstrated efficacy of renal artery stents on salvage of renal function. This study assessed the ability of dynamic gadolinium-diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (Gd-DTPA) administration to demonstrate renal artery stenosis and renal stent patency compared to conventional angiography as the gold standard. Twenty subjects referred for renal angiography underwent 22 dynamic MR studies, including 7 with renal artery stenting (Palmaz P204 or P201, Johnson & Johnson, Sydney, Australia). All were examined with conventional angiography and after dynamic Gd-DTPA infusion. Coronal MR images of the kidneys were acquired using a GE Signa 1.5-T magnet (General Electric Medical Systems, Milwaukee, WI) (fast spoiled gradient echo [FSPGR]; TE=4.2 msec, TR=68-150 msec, flip angle=75 degrees) 0 to 600 seconds after iv bolus injection of 15 ml of Gd-DTPA during sequential breath-hold acquisitions, 13 to 32 seconds each. All 51 renal arteries (13 stenosed, 38 normal) were detected with dynamic MRI. Severity of renal artery stenosis was classified correctly with an accuracy of 98% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 85-100), yielding 98% specificity and 100% sensitivity. All nine renal stents were visualized with 100% accurate patency documentation. FSPGR MRI with bolus Gd-DTPA administration can provide adequate time and spatial resolution to demonstrate renal artery stenosis.
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PMID:Standard dose Gd-DTPA dynamic MR of renal arteries. 956 70

In this study, MRI of hyperpolarized 3He gas in human paranasal sinuses is presented. Helium images were obtained at 1.5 T, using a surface coil and a 2D, fast gradient-echo sequence with a nominal constant flip angle of 12 degrees. Coronal images of 20-mm thick slices were generated and compared with proton images of the corresponding sections. The images enable visualization of the paranasal sinuses and the nasal cavity, suggesting a potential use of this method not only in identifying the anatomical configuration of these pneumatic spaces, but also in assessing sinus ventilation.
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PMID:MRI of hyperpolarized 3He gas in human paranasal sinuses. 962 9


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