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Query: UNIPROT:Q9BWK5 (MRI)
 85,401 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We reported a 39-year-old man with punch drunk syndrome who had cerebellar ataxia, seizure and dementia. CT scan of the brain revealed remarkable atrophy and enlargement of the ventricular system. MRI of the brain showed severe atrophy which was especially evident in the frontal base. On RI cisternography both early ventricular reflux at 3 hours and delayed ventricular stasis at 52 hours were found, which resembled the findings of the normal pressure hydrocephalus. The MRI and RI cisternographic findings suggested that the remarkable brain atrophy and enlargement of the ventricular system were caused by repeated KARATE traumas including minor brain contusion or subarachnoid hemorrhage in the base of the brain, since traumatic brain contusions affect particularly the orbital surfaces of the frontal lobes and the lateral and inferior surfaces of the temporal lobes. Communicating hydrocephalus may be one of the pathogenesis of punch drunk syndrome.
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PMID:[Punch drunk syndrome due to repeated karate kicks and punches]. 208 30

Fluid cavities extending beyond several segments within the spinal cord comprise a pathologic entity that is not a disease, but a condition with many possible causes. Hindbrain herniation with or without associated arachnoid thickening is the most common cause, followed by spinal arachnoiditis, especially with paraplegia and also intraspinal tumors. The presentation may be variable, particularly in the hindbrain-related cases, and the final clinical picture is convergent because the pattern of destruction of the cord is determined by planes of weaknesses. It is almost always a surgical condition. The destructive forces are those of fluid cutting into the tissues, and expeditious and careful surgery is often successful, particularly if practiced early. The surgery should be planned to deal with raised CSF pressure and hydrocephalus, then the likely filling mechanism. Suck, the development of pressure differences acting over several seconds and deforming parts of the neuraxis such as a HBH, may provide a filling mechanism. Slosh, the impulsive rapid movement of CSF within the syrinx, both upward and downward, provides a continuing destructive force and may also be partly responsible for filling. Drainage of the syrinx may be a useful supplementary procedure and is conveniently combined with operation on the nonhindbrain-related cases. Drainage in these cases should not usually be at the widest part of the syrinx, tempting though that may be, but should be combined, where possible, with an attempt to correct the filling mechanism present at the site of the pathology. The ideas in this article are simple, but the surgical management of the various problems is not easy. The syringomyelic cord is fragile, neurologic losses are likely to be permanent, as are orthopedic problems such as Charcot's joints and kyphoscoliosis. Future management problems will include cases in which HBH or syringomyelia comes to light as an unexpected finding on MRI. If neurologic deficits are allowed to develop, they are likely to be irreversible and permanently affect the patients.
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PMID:Syringomyelia. 213 63

A 12-year-old boy had a long history of headache since the age of 4 years. Numbness and weakness of the upper extremities and chest tightness, especially in the morning, were noted since 2 years ago. The headache became more severe and frequent and attacked even in sleep since one year ago. Arnold-Chiari type 1 malformation, cervical syringomyelia and mild hydrocephalus were demonstrated by MRI scan of the central nervous system. Headache and other symptoms disappeared immediately after surgical intervention. The formation of syringomyelia may be multifactorial, but Arnold-Chiari type 1 malformation and uneventful birth history play an important role in the underlying cause of this case. We presented this youngest case who had Arnold-Chiari type 1 malformation and onset of headache from the age of 4 years, discussed the pathogenesis of syringomyelia and reviewed the literature.
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PMID:Arnold-Chiari type 1 malformation and syringomyelia. 217 27

A case of cerebellar ganglioglioma in a 5 year-old girl is presented. She came to our hospital on January 30, 1989 with complaints of headache of one year duration. CT scans disclosed a low density lesion suggesting a cystic tumor in the left cerebellar hemisphere with moderate hydrocephalus. Preoperative MRI demonstrated more clearly the location and extent of the tumor. She was operated on using suboccipital craniotomy, on March 3. Subtotal removal of the tumor was performed because the tumor had invaded the brain stem. She made an uneventful recovery without any neurological deficits. Histologically, the tumor was composed of ganglion cells and astrocytic cells, so it was diagnosed as ganglioglioma. Cerebellar ganglioglioma is a rare tumor, and only 17 cases have been reported including the present case. Clinical and radiological study of these cases revealed that there are no specific findings to indicate cerebellar ganglioglioma and preoperative diagnosis is impossible. But practically, MRI is the most sensitive method for identifying the extent of the lesion and, thus, is of benefit for deciding operative strategy.
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PMID:[Cerebellar ganglioglioma: a case report]. 223 8

This paper reviews long-term follow-up studies of 78 hydrocephalic patients with myelomeningocele. Seventy-eight (95%) out of 82 patients with myelomeningocele had hydrocephalus. CT, MRI, CT cisternography, and monitoring of intracranial pressure (ICP) with infusion methods were performed to evaluate the indication of shunt insertion or shunt independency. These hydrocephalic patients consisted of the following two groups: (1) Early treated group. Sixty-four cases received initial cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) diversion operation within 2 years of life. Sixty-three patients had a ventriculoperitoneal (VP) or a ventriculoatrial (VA) shunt. All the patients of this group showed progressive signs and symptoms of increased ICP due to hydrocephalus. The mean age at the initial shunt placement was 10 weeks. The mean value of Evans' index before shunting was 47%, which corresponded to moderate ventriculomegaly. 48% of this group showed slit-like ventricles on postoperative CT scans, where 52% had normal or only mildly dilated ventricles subsequent to shunting. There were two instances (3%) of the so-called "slit ventricle syndrome" and one instance of "isolated fourth ventricle", who had undergone multiple shunt revisions. Shunt revisions were performed on fifty-two occasions in this group. The mean number of shunt revisions per child was 2.8. Sixty among 64 patients of this group were suitable for evaluating shunt dependency with long-term follow-up period. Forty-two out of 60 patients were considered to be shunt dependent, who underwent multiple shunt revisions after 6 months of age. These patients had signs and symptoms of increased ICP, neurological deterioration, and enlarged ventricles when their shunts were blocked. There were four cases of slowly progressive (shunt dependent) hydrocephalus, who did not show clinical signs and symptoms of shunts malfunction in spite of progressive ventriculomegaly and abnormal findings of CT cisternography and ICP monitoring. Only two patients (3%) proved to be shunt independent. Consistently their ventricles were mildly dilated. These results suggest a very low incidence of true arrest of hydrocephalus after shunt operation. (2) Late treated group. Fourteen cases were diagnosed or treated for hydrocephalus after 7 years of age. Six out of fourteen patients had remarkable hydrocephalus whose Evans' index exceeded 51%. The mean value of Evans' index was 48% in this group. Six patients had progressive signs and symptoms of hydrocephalus and were shunted. ICP monitoring and studies of CSF dynamics revealed abnormal findings in ten out of 14 cases in spite of preservation of good intelligence.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:[Long-term results of hydrocephalus with myelomeningocele]. 224 84

A 30-year-old woman presented with a 2.5 year history of symptoms and signs of raised intracranial pressure and unsteadiness of gait. CT showed a non-enhancing hypodense mass lesion in the left cerebellar hemisphere with compression and displacement of the fourth ventricle to the right and hydrocephalus of the third and lateral ventricles. Magnetic resonance imaging showed increased signal intensity in the mass lesion with the preservation of the gyral pattern on T2 weighted sequence. Imaging after gadolinium-DTPA injection showed non-enhancement and slight hypointensity of the lesion on T1 weighted sequence. These MRI findings are helpful in the preoperative diagnosis of Lhermitte-Duclos disease and allow the planning of an appropriate line of treatment for this rare condition.
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PMID:Pre-operative magnetic resonance imaging in Lhermitte-Duclos disease. 239 49

CT and MRI are presently the most commonly used imaging techniques providing optimal visualisation of brain images. Normal aging is observed on CT and especially on MRI: these changes should be recognized and differentiated from pathological brain anomalies. The authors briefly describe changes demonstrated by CT and MRI in the most commonly encountered dementia: still emphasis is put on the fact that these anomalies are poorly specific and never pathognomonic. On the contrary, it must be prompted to perform CT and MRI in demented patients in order to rule out diseases curable by surgery such as normal pressure hydrocephaly, subdural hematoma, meningioma and so on especially well demonstrated by CT and MRI.
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PMID:[The contribution of computerized tomography and MRI in the diagnosis of degenerative dementia]. 251 62

Eleven patients with CNS cryptococcal infection are reviewed. The most prominent symptom was headache, present in all patients. The clinical manifestations were the direct result of the meningitis itself or a consequence of intracranial cryptococcal granulomata or hydrocephalus, these latter 2 complications being demonstrable on CT head scan. In the 2 patients who also had MRI scans, additional parenchymal lesions were revealed which had not been detected by CT. Combined amphotericin B and 5-fluorocytosine therapy was the treatment of choice, but in 3 patients fluconazole was also used. Chronic oral therapy with this agent has maintained a good clinical response in one patient who failed to respond to traditional antifungal therapy.
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PMID:CNS cryptococcosis: unusual aspects. 256 97

In a series of 30 older patients shunted for symptomatic hydrocephalus, we found 3 with a head circumference at or greater than the 98th percentile. In 2, we demonstrated deterioration over 6 and 12 months by serial videotaping of gait and neuropsychological testing. In the 3rd, serial lumbar punctures over a 6-month period gave temporary improvement. In each, CTs showed ventriculomegaly without transependymal flow. One patient had an Arnold-Chiari type I abnormality identified by MRI. All had systemic hypertension. CSF pressure monitoring showed CSF pressure greater than 15 mm Hg 39% of the time in 1 patient, and 100% in another. All improved with ventriculoperitoneal shunting. Patients with probable compensated congenital hydrocephalus who functioned well throughout most of their lives may become symptomatic as they age but improve with shunt surgery. The head circumference should be measured in all older hydrocephalic patients.
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PMID:Symptomatic congenital hydrocephalus in the elderly simulating normal pressure hydrocephalus. 258 76

Thirty one cases of prenatally diagnosed CSN malformations were encountered in our institutions between 1982 and 1988. There were 42 disclosed lesions including 24 hydrocephalus, 3 anencephaly, 3 myeloschisis, 3 holoprosencephaly, 3 encephalocele, 2 Dandy-Walker cyst, 1 hydroencephalodysplasia, 1 brain tumor (Teratoma), 1 sacrococcygeal teratoma and 1 sacral agenesis. The gestational age at diagnosis ranged from 24 to 40 weeks of gestation (average 33.4 weeks). All were diagnosed by ultrasonography, and either MRI or whole body CT was additionally performed to evaluate the morphology in ten patients. MRI was a definitely useful diagnostic tool to evaluate the intracranial morphology, whereas whole body CT was much superior to other diagnostic imagings to visualize the condition of cranium or cranial sutures. Using these diagnostic procedures the type of hydrocephalus, was able to be identified, according to the major categories, in the individual cases. Spine morphology, however, was not detected n such high quality by MRI. Ultrasonography combined with application of whole body CT, with or without MRI, may be the best method now available to diagnose spina bifida. However, at the present time, this cannot be done until after 24 weeks of gestational age. It is our strong impression that such diagnostic technique for fetal CNS malformations will be improved, and selection of therapeutic modalities will be decided in the prenatal period before birth in the near future. It will be a dramatic change in the clinical historical phase in the treatment of CNS malformations, but establishment of therapeutic regimen along with more precise analysis of natural history, pathophysiology, postnatal outcome and ethical aspects of these congenital anomalies is required.
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PMID:[New clinical phase in intrauterine diagnosis and therapeutic modalities of CNS anomalies]. 268 9


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