Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:Q99581 (FEV)
 3,296 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Closing volume (single breath nitrogen test), regional ventilation and perfusion (using intravenous xenon-133), and total lung function (TLC, VC, and FEV) were measured before and after intramuscular administration of 250 mug 15-methyl prostaglandin F2alpha (15-me PGF2alpha) in 10 healthy women. The cardiac output was measured with the Minnesota impedance cardiograph model 304A and the transthoracic impedance was used as an expression of the thoracic fluid volume. The slope of the alveolar plateau on the closing volume tracing showed a 271% increase 20 minutes after the prostaglandin administration, at which time the closing volume per cent (CV%) had decreased (P less than 0-01) and the closing capacity (CC%) had increased (P less than 0-05). Vital capacity (VC) decreased (P less than 0-01), residual volume (RV) increased (P less than 0-01), and the total lung capacity (TLC) remained unchanged. The maximal decrease (9%) in FEV1 was seen after 20 minutes. All these measurements except the slope of the alveolar plateau returned to control levels after 60 minutes. The redistribution of regional ventilation was more pronounced than that of the regional pulmonary blood flow. No change was observed in cardiac output and transthoracic impedance. None of the patients experienced any dyspnoea. Our results are consistent with a more pronounced effect of prostaglandin F2alpha on the small airways (the alveolar plateau) than on the larger airways (FEV1). In cases where an increase in the slope of the alveolar plateau is observed, the closing volume per cent should not be used as a measurement of the lung disease. It is concluded that the single breath nitrogen test (N2 closing volume) is more sensitive than the conventional tests.
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PMID:Pattern of total and regional lung function in subjects with bronchoconstriction induced by 15-me PGF2 alpha. 101 40

Epidemiologic studies support an association among elevated levels of nitrogen dioxide (NO2), increased respiratory symptoms, and alterations in lung function. To determine if low level NO2 inhalation potentiates exercise-induced bronchospasm, 15 asthmatic subjects, defined by airway constriction with cold air provocation, inhaled 0.30 ppm (560 micrograms/m3) NO2 for 30 min. All asthmatics inhaled either air or 0.30 ppm NO2 via a mouthpiece for 20 min at rest followed by 10 min of exercise on a bicycle ergometer at a workload of 300 kpm/min, producing a 3-fold or greater increase in minute ventilation. Our studies showed 72 +/- 2 (SE)% deposition of inhaled NO2 at rest and 87 +/- 1% deposition with exercise (p less than 0.001). Nitrogen dioxide inhalation at rest resulted in no significant change in pulmonary function. Nitrogen dioxide inhalation plus exercise compared to control (air) exposure plus exercise produced significantly greater reductions in FEV (p less than 0.01) and partial expiratory flow rates at 60% of total lung capacity (p less than 0.05). One hour after completion of NO2 exposure and exercise, pulmonary function had returned to baseline values. To determine if NO2 exposure caused increased reactivity to a known bronchoconstrictor, asthmatic subjects inhaled cold air (range: -11 +/- 2 degrees C) at 3 successive rates of isocapnic ventilation. The response to cold air was expressed as the respiratory heat exchange required to reduce the FEV by 10% (PD10RHE). Prior NO2 exposure potentiated the fall in FEV, PD10RHE, and specific airway conductance (p less than 0.05) after isocapnic cold air hyperventilation, compared to the control exposure.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Inhalation of 0.30 ppm nitrogen dioxide potentiates exercise-induced bronchospasm in asthmatics. 378 20

42 normal male subjects from 19 to 27 years, are examined in conditions of field studies once a week for 9 weeks. At each session are measured: flow volume curves with determination of vital capacity (VC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV 1.0), peak flow (V peak), flows at 0.75, 0.50, 0.25 of VC (V 0.75 VC, V 0.50 VC, V 0.25 VC). Single breath nitrogen test, with determination of slope of phase III (delta N2/liter) and closing volume/vital capacity (CV/VC). Single breath and steady state tests with carbon monoxide. Variability of functional pulmonary indices in this study is greater than those observed in the literature during shorter period of term. Some indices varied significantly during these 9 weeks of observation like V 0.25 CV, indices of transfer factor of CO and CV/VC (according to repetition of test or meteorologic factors?). Relevance of studying variations during a relatively long period, is pointed out in interpretation of results observed in prospective studies.
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PMID:[Variability of respiratory function tests 9 weeks observation (author's transl)]. 725 26

We tested the practicability of dipyridamole myocardial nitrogen-13 ammonia positron emission tomography (dipyridamole (13)NH(3 )PET) for the perioperative risk assessment of coronary artery disease (CAD) in a cohort of patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) undergoing lung volume reduction surgery (LVRS). Twenty consecutive LVRS candidates, 13 men and 7 women (mean age 57+/-2 years), without symptoms of CAD were prospectively studied by dipyridamole (13)NH(3 )PET. Side-effects and overall tolerance were assessed by a questionnaire and visual analogue scale. Repeated pulmonary function tests were performed before and 4, 12, 16 and 30 minutes after dipyridamole injection. All dipyridamole (13)NH(3 )PET studies were negative for CAD. Seventeen patients underwent LVRS without cardiac complications; three patients did not undergo LVRS for other reasons. Nine patients suffered intolerable dyspnoea requiring i.v. aminophylline. Mean FEV(1) decreased significantly after dipyridamole infusion: in nine patients the reduction in FEV(1)exceeded 15% from baseline. We found that dipyridamole is not well tolerated and causes significant bronchoconstriction in patients with severe COPD. Although all dipyridamole-induced side effects can be promptly reversed by aminophylline, dipyridamole cannot be recommended as a pharmacological stress in this setting.
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PMID:Practicability and safety of dipyridamole cardiac imaging in patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. 1043 92

Few studies have been published on gas distribution in the lung during acute and stable airway obstruction in children. Multiple breath nitrogen (N(2)) washout is an established method for assessing ventilation inhomogeneity, while the tidal breathing capnogram may be used as an indicator of ventilation-perfusion (V(')(A)/Q) mismatch. We hypothesized that significant V(')(A)/Q mismatch is not seen in stable airway obstruction unless obstruction is severe, and that stable and induced airway obstruction of similar severity would result in different degrees of V(')(A)/Q mismatch. To test this hypothesis, we performed spirometry measurements of forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV(1)), multiple breath N(2) washout, and tidal breathing capnography in 11 young patients (9-30 years) with cystic fibrosis, 37 asthmatic patients (8-18 years), and 34 healthy subjects (7-20 years). Lung function was measured at rest, after airway obstruction induced by cold dry air hyperventilation or methacholine challenge, and after beta(2)-agonist treatment. V(')(A)/Q mismatch was assessed from the slopes of the phases II and III of the capnogram. We observed a normal capnogram during stable obstruction of moderate severity despite significant ventilation inhomogeneity. In patients with severe stable obstruction and in those with induced airway obstruction significant ventilation inhomogeneity and pathological capnograms were seen. Induced airway obstruction, resulted in a more pathological capnogram than stable obstruction of similar severity. beta(2)-agonist treatment reduced ventilation inhomogeneity, but did not improve the capnogram. Our findings are compatible with the presence of an efficient pulmonary blood flow regulatory mechanism that adequately compensates for chronic ventilation inhomogeneity of moderate severity, but not for severe or sudden airway obstruction.
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PMID:Ventilation inhomogeneity assessed by nitrogen washout and ventilation-perfusion mismatch by capnography in stable and induced airway obstruction. 1063 99

Excessive airway narrowing is a cardinal feature of asthma, and results in closure of airways. Therefore, asthmatic patients in whom airway closure occurs relatively early during expiration might be prone to severe asthma attacks. To test this hypothesis, we compared closing volume (CV) and closing capacity (CC) in a group of asthmatic patients with recurrent exacerbations (more than two exacerbations in the previous year; difficult-to-control asthma), consisting of 11 males and two females, aged 20 to 51 yr, with those in a group of equally severely asthmatic controls without recurrent exacerbations (stable asthma) consisting of 13 males and two females aged 18 to 52 yr. Both groups used equivalent doses of inhaled corticosteroids and were matched for sex, age, atopy, postbronchodilator FEV(1), and provocative concentration of methacholine causing a 20% decrease in FEV(1). They were studied during a clinically stable period of their disease. The patients inhaled 400 microg salbutamol via a spacer device, after which TLC and RV were measured by multibreath helium equilibration, together with the slope of Phase 3 (dN(2)), CV, and CC, by single-breath nitrogen washout. CV and CC were expressed as ratios of VC and TLC, respectively, and all data are presented as % predicted (mean +/- SEM). There was no difference in TLC in patients with difficult-to-control asthma and those with stable asthma (106.7 +/- 4.0% predicted versus 101.7 +/- 4.3% predicted, p = 0.40), RV (113.1 +/- 7.8% predicted versus 100.9 +/- 7.1% predicted, p = 0.26), or dN(2) (142.7 +/- 16.3% predicted versus 116.0 +/- 20.2% predicted, p = 0.23). In contrast, CV and CC were increased in the patients with difficult-to-control asthma as compared with the group with stable asthma (CV: 159.5 +/- 26.8% predicted versus 98.8 +/- 12.5% predicted, p = 0.024; CC: 114.0 +/- 6.4% predicted versus 99.9 +/- 3. 6% predicted, p = 0.030). These findings show that asthmatic individuals with recurrent exacerbations have increased CV and CC as compared with equally severely asthmatic but stable controls, even after bronchodilation during well-controlled episodes. The findings imply that airway closure at relatively high lung volumes under clinically stable conditions might be a risk factor for severe exacerbations in asthmatic patients.
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PMID:Recurrent exacerbations in severe asthma are associated with enhanced airway closure during stable episodes. 1085 64

As defined by the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation, the diagnosis of posttransplant obliterative bronchiolitis (OB) is based on histopathologic features and/or spirometric staging criteria, using FEV(1) to determine the extent of disease. However, this last parameter reflects an advanced bronchiolar process. The present study investigated whether physiologic parameters reflecting smaller airways dysfunction on one hand, and neutrophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) on the other hand, could be useful for the earlier detection of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS). We analyzed data obtained both from 765 pulmonary function test results and from 467 BALF specimens from 45 patients who survived at least 1 yr after surgery (n = 47, including two retransplantations). Of the transplant procedures, 22 were associated with BOS and 25 were not. The mean delay from transplantation to the diagnosis of BOS was 578 d (range: 122 to 2,619 d). The threshold values of the following parameters were studied: decline in the forced expiratory flow rate at 25% to 75% of FVC (FEF(25-75)) to </= 70% of the predicted value and of baseline values, increase in the slope of the nitrogen washout curve (DeltaN(2)) > 3%, and alveolar neutrophilia >/= 20% of the total BALF cell count. Agreement on the diagnosis of BOS (using the decline in FEV(1)) was equally good for each of the four markers (kappa coefficient > 0.65, p < 10(-)(5)). In the OB group, mean delays after the threshold was reached for each of these parameters were 110 d (p = 0.09), 173 d (p = 0.03), 150 d (p = 0.003), and 131 d (p = 0.1), respectively, before the FEV(1) criteria were fulfilled. At the chosen threshold values, the decline in FEF(25-75), increase in DeltaN(2), and development of a substantial alveolar neutrophilia all occurred significantly before a decline in FEV(1) in posttransplant OB.
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PMID:Early detection of airway involvement in obliterative bronchiolitis after lung transplantation. Functional and bronchoalveolar lavage cell findings. 1085 68

Peroxynitrite, nitrogen dioxide, and other reactive nitrogen species (RNS) that are formed in the reaction of nitric oxide (NO) with superoxide anion, and in peroxidase-dependent mechanisms, have a potent inflammatory action. These molecules may therefore increase in number and have a role in inflammatory airway diseases. In the present study, we quantified RNS using immunostaining of nitrotyrosine and inducible NO synthase (iNOS) in airway inflammatory cells obtained by the induced sputum technique, and also quantified the exhaled NO concentration in subjects with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), subjects with asthma, and healthy subjects (HS). Immunoreactivity for iNOS observed in the airway inflammatory cells was significantly and similarly higher in subjects with COPD and asthma than in HS, although exhaled NO levels were increased only in subjects with asthma. Inflammatory cells showed obvious nitrotyrosine immunoreactivity in subjects with COPD and to a lesser extent in those with asthma, but not in HS. There was a significant negative correlation between the percent predicted values of FEV(1) and the amount of nitrotyrosine formation in subjects with COPD, but not in those with asthma and HS. These results suggest that: (1) RNS may be involved in the pathobiology of the airway inflammatory and obstructive process in COPD; and (2) NO produced in the airways, presumably via iNOS, is consumed by its reaction with superoxide anion and/or peroxidase-dependent mechanisms.
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PMID:Increase in reactive nitrogen species production in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease airways. 1093 9

Low body weight and loss of bone mass are major problems in adults with cystic fibrosis (CF) and chronic pulmonary infection. Although these complications probably have a multifactorial origin, we hypothesized that the continuous acute-phase inflammatory and catabolic state may contribute. We determined body composition, bone turnover, physical activity, and circulating interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and their soluble receptors in 22 adults with CF and 22 age- and sex-matched healthy subjects. Comparisons were also made within patients before and after treatment of an exacerbation of respiratory symptoms. The patients had a lower mean (95% confidence interval [CI]) fat-free mass (FFM) 39.9 (36.3, 43.6) kg than healthy subjects, 49.4 (45.1, 53.7) kg, p < 0.05. The patients were in negative nitrogen balance and 20 had bone mineral density (BMD) Z scores </= 2.5 SD (n = 13) or </= 1 SD (n = 7) at least at one site. They had increased bone collagen breakdown, greatest in those with a reduced FFM. BMD was related to FEV(1) (r = 0.44), IL-6 (r = -0.60), and TNF-alpha-soluble receptors (r = -0.42, r = -0.50). Patients with a low FFM had greater concentrations of IL-6, which suppressed less after antibiotic treatment than in those with a normal FFM. Those with a low FFM were more catabolic and less active than those with a normal FFM. The association between altered body composition, catabolic status, and circulating inflammatory mediators suggests that chronic pulmonary infection in adults with CF may be a contributory factor in the long-term complications of low weight and bone disease.
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PMID:Bone density, body composition, and inflammatory status in cystic fibrosis. 1098 84

The correlation between digital clubbing and certain pulmonary function derangements (hypoxemia and FEV(1)) was previously described. However, the relationship between digital clubbing and other measures of pulmonary function or the presence of liver disease in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) is poorly defined. Hence we compared the digital clubbing index (CI: ratio of distal phalangeal depth to interphalangeal depth) of 100 patients with CF (43 males, 57 females; mean age, 15.7 +/- 7.3 years) with that of 100 age- and gender-matched healthy controls. Digital clubbing was defined as a CI > or = 1.00 (mean + 2.6 SD; 99% of normal subjects). The CI and its relationship to pulmonary function and to liver disease was then evaluated in the CF patients. Digital clubbing was present in 75/100 (75%) of CF patients but was absent in all controls (P < 0.0001). In CF patients, CI was inversely correlated with PaO(2) (r = -0.555; P < 0.001), FEV(1) (r = -0.499; P < 0.001), and FEF(25-75%) (r = -0.404; P < 0.001), and was positively correlated with RV (r = 0.285; P < 0.05) and the slope of phase 3 of single-breath nitrogen washout (SP3N(2)) (r = 0.532; P < 0.01). There was no significant correlation between CI and age (r = 0.020; P = 0.84), TLC (r = -0.097; P = 0.34), PaCO(2) (r = 0.167; P = 0.10), or history of liver disease (P = 0.08). We conclude that in CF, the degree of digital clubbing is related to degree of hypoxemia, airways obstruction, hyperinflation, and nonuniformity of ventilation.
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PMID:Correlation between digital clubbing and pulmonary function in cystic fibrosis. 1194 77


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