Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:Q99581 (FEV)
 3,296 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The efficacy and acceptability of ipratropium given by metered-dose inhaler were evaluated in two double-blind crossover tests against placebo, one preceding and one following a 2-wk period of continual open-label ipratropium treatment. Ten patients with chronic bronchitis and 10 with bronchial asthma participated. Ipratropium produced increase in FEV 1 of more than 15% within 5 min of inhalation, and this effect was maintained for 4 to 5 hr. Statistically significant mean increases over the FEV 1 baseline values were recorded after ipratropium treatment in both the initial and the final crossover tests. There were no adverse reactions to any of the placebo or ipratropium test doses or to the ipratropium treatment. Serial electrocardiograms, laboratory tests, blood pressure, and pulse rate showed no change from lthe baseline. Sputum volume and dry-weight determinations in the patients with bronchitis before and after the 14-day treatment revealed no changes.
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PMID:Double-blind study of ipratropium bromide, a new anticholinergic bronchodilator. 13 21

Physiological conditions of respiration in children are defined especially by - relative hyperventilation because of high oxygen uptake per body surface, - relative narrow and soft airways with high tendency to obstruction, causing atelectasis, pneumonia or severe bronchiolitis. It is useful to differentiate between bronchiolitis and spastic or asthmatoid bronchitis, the latter being sensible to Adrenalin and developing to asthma of adults. Characteristical signs of asthmatoid bronchitis are bronchial hyperreactivity, increased airway-resistance and residual volume, decreased FEV 1, pulmonary compliance, arterial PO2 and PCO2 with signs of pulmonary inhomogeneity. Mucviscidosis, starting from abnormal viscosity of bronchial secretion, is functionally characterized by similar signs, so are increased RV with air-trapping, decreased FEV 1, VC, PO2a and pulmonary inhomogeneity. Diffuse progressive interstitial pulmonary fibrosis (HAMMAN-RICH) of acute type being mostly lethal in children up to 2 years of age and of subacute type in older children shows diffusion disturbance and characteristical ventilation disturbance with reduction of inspiratory reserve volume and enlargement of functional residual capacity but normal FEV 1. Disturbances are sensible to corticoid-therapy.
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PMID:[Pathophysiology of respiratory disturbances in children (author's transl)]. 96 Jul 65

The prevalence of pneumoconiosis, chronic bronchitis, and impaired lung function was studied among those 1,000 foundry workers (response rate 93.1%) with the longest exposure time (minimum 4.2, mean 17, SD 9 years) from a representative sample of 20 foundries. Pneumoconiosis was diagnosed from 100 x 100 mm radiographs, and the false positives and false negatives were evaluated from normal-size radiographs from all those with a positive finding and a sample of those with a negative finding. Chronic bronchitis was studied by means of a translation of the MRC Short Questionnarie on Respiratory Symptoms. Forced vital capacity and forced expiratory volume in 1 s were measured with a Vitalograph Single Breath Wedge Spirometer, and the FEV % was calculated from these variables. The subjects were grouped according to smoking habits and dust exposure, which could be fairly well evaluated from measurements performed in connection with the health survey. All comparisons were made between different subcategories. The overall prevalence of pneumoconiosis was 3.8%, when allowance had been made for false positive and false negative findings. Most cases were mild. Chronic bronchitis occurred more frequently among those occupied in jobs classified as dusty. Smoking also strongly increased its prevalence; a combination of both exposures produced the strongest effect. The effect of smoking was also evident as an impairment of lung function; however, no such effect of dust exposure could be shown in this material. Since this was a prevalence study, the selective removal of workers from dusty jobs probably led to underestimates of all the health effects studied. In spite of the effect of selection excess bronchitis could be demonstrated in workers from dusty environments. Therefore effective dust control must be initiated not only with regard to silica dust but also with respect to total dust.
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PMID:Prevalence of pneumoconiosis and chronic bronchitis in foundry workers. 96 67

Of 72 patients with radiological evidence of pulmonary emphysema, emphysema occurred either alone or in association with bronchitis in 61, and 8 of these (13%) were found to have alpha(1)-antitrypsin deficiency. The main features of this condition are: exertional dyspnoea of relatively early onset (generally between 30 and 45 years of age), severely impaired FEV(1) and T(L)CO, and radiological emphysema predominantly affecting the lower zones of the lungs. It is probable that any patient with all the above abnormalities has alpha(1)-antitrypsin deficiency. There is evidence to suggest that cigarette smoking may hasten the onset of this type of emphysema.
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PMID:Pulmonary emphysema and alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency. 555 Dec 41

A significant correlation has been established at comparison of fluorographic findings with respiratory mechanics in bronchitis chronic between the diaphragm height, its curvature in the lateral view and FEV for the 1st second. Less apparent correlation exists between residual lung capacity and the diaphragm height, forced expiration volume and the width of the pulmonary artery right branch. Tracheobronchial dyskinesia was diagnosed in 62.2% of bronchitis patients. Chronic nonobstructive bronchitis is characterized by a short-term (> 1 s) prolapse of the tracheal posterior wall and primary bronchi which lasts longer (1-3 s) in chronic obstructive bronchitis.
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PMID:[The x-ray functional characteristics of chronic bronchitis]. 829 May 24

The practicality, efficacy, and tolerance of a standardized, ready-to-use theophylline solution (Eloasthmin, Leopold Pharma, Graz) was studied on 33 patients with bronchial asthma and/or chronic obstructive bronchitis (COPD) (19 males, 14 females) aged 19 to 79 (median 50) years. Eloasthmin a ready-to-use pure theophylline solution containing no auxilliary substances, contains one gram theophyllin per liter in a hypotonic (2/3) NaCl solution. The infusion therapy was carried out in patients in an acute stage of their chronic obstructive ventilation dysfunction. The therapy was carried out for 2 to 4 days at a dose of 400 to 1000 mg theophylline per day, so that theophylline blood levels remained within the therapeutic range of 8 to 20 mg/ml. A highly significant improvement (p < 0.001) of lung function parameters was seen during treatment: VC before therapy = 2.46 l, after therapy = 3.36 l; FEV 1 before therapy = 1.34 l, after therapy = 2.04 l; and PEF before therapy = 3.48 l/s after therapy = 5.13 l/s. Since most patients also received concomittant medication (beta 2-sympathomimetica and/or glucocorticoids), it was difficult to differentiate the specific efficacy of the theophylline.
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PMID:[Practicability, effectiveness and tolerance of a standardized prepared theophylline infusion]. 896 86

Eosinophilic bronchitis presents with chronic cough and sputum eosinophilia, but without the abnormalities of airway function seen in asthma. It is important to know how commonly eosinophilic bronchitis causes cough, since in contrast to cough in patients without sputum eosinophilia, the cough responds to inhaled corticosteroids. We investigated patients referred over a 2-yr period with chronic cough, using a well-established protocol with the addition of induced sputum in selected cases. Eosinophilic bronchitis was diagnosed if patients had no symptoms suggesting variable airflow obstruction, and had normal spirometric values, normal peak expiratory flow variability, no airway hyperresponsiveness (provocative concentration of methacholine producing a 20% decrease in FEV(1) ([PC(20)] > 8 mg/ml), and sputum eosinophilia (> 3%). Ninety-one patients with chronic cough were identified among 856 referrals. The primary diagnosis was eosinophilic bronchitis in 12 patients, rhinitis in 20, asthma in 16, post-viral-infection status in 12, and gastroesophageal reflux in seven. In a further 18 patients a diagnosis was established. The cause of chronic cough remained unexplained in six patients. In all 12 patients with eosinophilic bronchitis, the cough improved after treatment with inhaled budesonide 400 micrograms twice daily, and in eight of these patients who had a follow-up sputum analysis, the eosinophil count decreased significantly, from 16.8% to 1.6%. We conclude that eosinophilic bronchitis is a common cause of chronic cough, and that sputum induction is important in the investigation of cough.
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PMID:Eosinophilic bronchitis is an important cause of chronic cough. 1086 88

The aim of this study was to investigate the cellular and biochemical events associated with repeated exposures to ozone. Twenty-three healthy subjects underwent single exposures to 200 ppb ozone and to filtered air (FA), as well as repeated exposures to 200 ppb ozone on 4 consecutive days, each for 4 h of intermittent exercise. Bronchoalveolar lavage was performed and mucosal biopsies were taken 20 h after the single or the last of the repeated exposures. As compared with FA, the single exposure to ozone caused a decrease in FEV(1), an increase in the percentages of neutrophils and lymphocytes, the concentrations of total protein, IL-6, IL-8, reduced glutathione, urate, and ortho-tyrosine in BAL fluid (BALF), but no changes in the cellular composition of biopsy. After the repeated exposure, the effect on lung function was abolished and differential cell counts in BALF were not significantly different from those after FA. However, the concentrations of total protein, IL-6, IL-8, reduced glutathione, and ortho-tyrosine were still increased. IL-10 could only be detected in BALF after repeated ozone exposures. Furthermore, macroscopic scores for bronchitis, erythema, and hypervulnerability of airway mucosa were increased, as well as numbers of neutrophils in bronchial mucosal biopsies. Our data demonstrate that airway inflammation persists after repeated ozone exposure, despite attenuation of some inflammatory markers in BALF and adaptation of lung function.
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PMID:The effect of repeated ozone exposures on inflammatory markers in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and mucosal biopsies. 1085 57

We studied the relationship between occupational exposures, chronic bronchitis, and lung function in a general population survey in 14 industrialized countries, including 13,253 men and women aged 20 to 44 yr. We studied associations between occupational group, occupational exposures, bronchitis symptoms (cough and phlegm production for at least 3 mo each year), FEV(1), and nonspecific bronchial responsiveness (NSBR) separately in lifetime nonsmokers, cigarette smokers, and ex-smokers. Occupational exposure to vapors, gas, dust, or fumes, estimated with a job exposure matrix (JEM), was associated with chronic bronchitis among current smokers only (prevalence ratio (PR): 1.2 to 1.7). The interaction of occupational exposure with smoking, however, was not statistically significant (p > 0.1). Self-reported exposure was related to chronic bronchitis in all smoking groups. An increased risk for chronic bronchitis was found in agricultural, textile, paper, wood, chemical, and food processing workers, being more pronounced in smokers. Lung function and NSBR were not clearly related to occupational exposures. Findings were similar for asthmatic and nonasthmatic subjects. In conclusion, occupational exposures contributed to the occurrence of chronic (industrial) bronchitis in young adults. Fixed airflow limitation was not evident, probably due to the relatively young age of this population.
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PMID:Occupation, chronic bronchitis, and lung function in young adults. An international study. 1140 76

Eosinophilia has been reported during exacerbations of bronchitis, but the mechanisms of tissue recruitment of eosinophils are unclear. We quantified eosinophils and the concurrent expression of cytokines and chemokines probably responsible for the tissue eosinophilia in bronchial biopsies obtained from three groups of nonatopic subjects: (1) healthy nonsmokers (n = 7; FEV1 % predicted = 108 +/- 4 [mean +/- SEM]); (2) nonasthmatic smokers with chronic bronchitis (CB) in a stable phase of their disease (n = 11; FEV1 % predicted: 75 +/- 5); and (3) nonasthmatic subjects with CB who sought medical advice for an exacerbation of their condition (n = 9; FEV(1) % predicted: 61 +/- 8). We applied anti-EG2 antibody and immunostaining to detect and count eosinophils. We performed in situ hybridization to visualize and enumerate cells expressing the genes for interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-5 and the eosinophil chemokines eotaxin, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-4, or regulated on activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted (RANTES). We confirmed an increase in EG2-positive eosinophils in patients with CB in exacerbation. We found messenger RNA (mRNA) positivity for IL-4 and IL-5 in CB, but the between-group differences were not statistically significant. However, the numbers of lymphomononuclear cells expressing eotaxin mRNA were significantly greater in the smokers with CB than in the healthy nonsmokers without CB (p < 0.01). Following an exacerbation, RANTES expression was upregulated and this chemokine was strongly expressed in both the surface epithelium and in subepithelial lymphomononuclear cells: only RANTES showed a significant positive correlation with the increasing number of EG2-positive cells (r = 0.51; p < 0.03). In conclusion, an allergic profile of inflammation can also occur in CB: the marked upregulation of RANTES in the epithelium and subepithelium most likely accounts for the increased eosinophilia associated with an exacerbation of bronchitis.
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PMID:Exacerbations of Bronchitis: bronchial eosinophilia and gene expression for interleukin-4, interleukin-5, and eosinophil chemoattractants. 1143 30


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