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Query: UNIPROT:Q99581 (FEV)
 3,296 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

An analysis of spirographic studies and measurement of airflow resistance in diagnosing bronchial hyperreactivity in 27 children with bronchial asthma was made. Histamine was used for provocation tests. Bronchial hyperreactivity was found in 85.2% of the studied children. The most useful for predicting existence of bronchial hyperreactivity proved to be FEV1, FEV, and PEF measurements. After histamine provocation airflow resistance rose from 0.42 kPa/l/s to 0.63 kpa/l/s. that is by 50%. Both tests spirometric and airflow resistance proved to be comparable in 70.4%. Usage of both methods allows a better chance of diagnosing bronchial hyperreactivity.
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PMID:[Spirographic studies and measurement of airflow resistance in evaluation of bronchial hyperreactivity in children with asthma]. 235 79

Bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) to the exercise challenge test was measured in 161 pupils randomly chosen from the epidemiologic survey of 2967 schoolchildren (13 to 14 yr of age). In the study group there were 73 pupils who were identified as "ever wheezers" by the ISAAC questionnaires, and 88 ones as the control group. BHR was measured as the percentage drops in FEV, FEF50, FEF25-75 from the baseline (% delta FEV1, % delta FEV50%, % delta FEF25-75%). The % delta FEV1 was significantly higher in the "ever wheezers" comparing to the control group, and this parameter was also significantly higher for the "wheezers in the last 12 mo" in comparison to "ever wheezers", who had no symptoms in the last year. The "ever wheezers" group had higher % delta FEF50%, % delta FEF25-75% but the value was not significant when compared to the control group. In the epidemiologic survey, the sensitivity and specificity for the exercise challenge test as a screening test (level %FEV1 > 11%) to identify "wheezers in the last 12mo" were 39% and 81%, respectively, and to identify the "diagnosed asthma" group were 40% and 76%. The BHR was modified by atopy (measured with the allergic skin tests) and the diagnosis of asthma.
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PMID:[Evaluation of hyperresponsiveness to the exercise challenge test in school children]. 928 3

Pulmonary manifestations have been described in Crohn's disease (CD). Bronchial responsiveness to methacholine (MCh) was evaluated in 14 children with CD with no evidence of airway disease, 10 asthmatics, and 10 healthy subjects. In patients with CD total blood eosinophils and serum IgE were 0.20 x 10(9) x L(-1) (95% CI -1.68 to 2.08) and 138.4 kU x L(-)(1) (95% CI 18.84 to 257.96), respectively. Three patients with CD had positive prick tests. Bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) was demonstrated in 10 patients with CD (71%) and in the asthmatics, but not in control subjects. In patients with CD PD(20) appeared significantly greater than in asthmatics (699 microg [95% CI 238 to 1,115] versus 104 microg [95% CI 37.35 to 293]; p < 0.05), and was not related either to baseline FEV(1) or IgE or eosinophils (r = 0.32; r = -0.5; r = -0.15, p = NS, respectively). Neither activity nor treatment or duration of CD affected BHR. Five nonatopic CD patients underwent a second MCh challenge over a 25-mo period: the PD(20) appeared significantly greater than basal PD(20) (1,941 microg versus 575 microg, p < 0.05, respectively), in the absence of significant changes of disease activity. BHR might be the expression of subclinical airway inflammation, a phenomenon which can be responsible for the development of various pulmonary manifestations in CD.
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PMID:Bronchial hyperresponsiveness in children and adolescents with Crohn's disease. 1071 62

Bronchial hyperreactivity (BHR) is associated with the presence of airway inflammation in asthma and is seen in individuals occupationally exposed to grain dust. To better understand the relationship between BHR and pulmonary inflammation after grain dust exposure, we carried out an inhalation challenge to corn dust extract (CDE) on seven subjects with BHR [a 20% or greater decrease in forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV(1)) compared with diluent FEV(1) with a cumulative dose of histamine </=47.3 breath units] and compared their physiological and inflammatory responses with those of seven matched control subjects. BHR subjects were exposed to nebulized CDE (target dose of 0.16 microg/kg endotoxin) as tolerated; matched controls received equal amounts of CDE. Subjects with BHR complained of chest tightness and dyspnea within the 2 h after inhalation of CDE significantly more frequently than controls. Similarly, subjects with BHR developed significantly greater percent declines in FEV(1) at time points up to 4 h after exposure to CDE. Significant increases in total cells, neutrophils, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6, and interleukin-8 were detected in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid 4 h after inhalation of CDE in all subjects, but no differences were detected between the control and BHR groups. These results suggest that, although subjects with BHR develop a more precipitous decline in FEV(1) after exposure to CDE, the inflammatory response to CDE is similar in subjects with and without BHR.
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PMID:Bronchial hyperreactivity is associated with enhanced grain dust-induced airflow obstruction. 1095 66

Bronchial hyperreactivity is a characteristic feature of asthma and can be evaluated by different challenges. The aim of this study was to compare exercise, methacholine (MCH), and adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP) challenges in 135 children and young adults (mean age +/- SD, 12.4+/-3.9 years) with asthma, and to examine the utility of the different challenges in predicting those children with asthma likely to require prophylactic antiinflammatory treatment. The sensitivity of MCH challenge in detecting bronchial hyperreactivity (at or below 8 mg/mL) was 98%, that of AMP challenge (at or below 200 mg/mL) 95.5%, and that of exercise (more than 8.2% fall in FEV(1)) was 65%. There was a significant difference between mild asthmatic children (85 patients, intermittent asthma, step 1 of NIH guidelines) and moderate asthmatics (50 patients, steps 2 and 3 of guidelines) in relation to the logarithmic mean provocation concentration to elicit a 20% fall in FEV(1) (PC(20)) to MCH (0.49 mg/mL vs. 0.15 mg/mL, P<0.00001), that to AMP (7.67 mg/mL vs. 3.60 mg/mL, P = 0.001), and in relation to the mean percent fall in FEV(1) after exercise (13.9% vs. 22.0%, P = 0.001). Sensitivity and specificity curves between the two severity groups of asthma were constructed, and the intersection point of the two curves for each type of challenge was determined. When mild asthmatics were compared to moderate asthmatics, the intersection points for MCH, AMP, and exercise were 66%, 63%, and 61%, respectively. Logistic regression analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves of the three challenges for the two severity groups of asthma showed that methacholine was a better discriminating challenge between the severity groups than the other two challenges. We conclude that the sensitivities of AMP and MCH challenges in the detection of bronchial hyperreactivity in children and young adults with asthma are very similar and higher than that of exercise. There is a significant difference between mild and moderate asthmatics within the three bronchial challenges, with MCH discriminating better than AMP or exercise between groups.
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PMID:Exercise, methacholine, and adenosine 5'-monophosphate challenges in children with asthma: relation to severity of the disease. 1097 39

Bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) is a key feature of asthma and may be measured by direct methacholine challenge or indirect adenosine monophosphate (AMP) challenge. We performed a retrospective analysis of our database (n = 487) of patients with asthma with the aim first, to compare methacholine and AMP challenge as screening tools, and second, to identify any relationships between BHR and disease severity markers or beta(2)-adrenoceptor genotype. Of these subjects, 258 had a methacholine challenge, 259 an AMP challenge and 185 both. Of subjects having both, 140 (76%) were methacholine responsive with PD(20) < 500 microgram (PC(20) < 5 mg/ml) and 92 (50%) were AMP responsive with PC(20) < 200 mg/ ml. For those who were AMP unresponsive 57% were methacholine responsive, whereas for the methacholine nonresponders 11% were AMP responsive. Methacholine (but not AMP)-responsive patients had a significantly (p < 0.05) lower % predicted FEV(1) and FEF(25-75) and higher inhaled corticosteroid dose than unresponsive patients. Finally, subjects with a glycine allele at codon 16 had significantly (p < 0.05) increased BHR to methacholine but not AMP. Our results suggest that methacholine is a more appropriate screening tool for BHR than AMP as it was more sensitive in our population and was also related to asthma severity. In addition, we have demonstrated an association between the glycine allele (codon 16) and increased BHR to methacholine.
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PMID:Screening for bronchial hyperresponsiveness using methacholine and adenosine monophosphate. Relationship to asthma severity and beta(2)-receptor genotype. 1102 38

Bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) and inflammation are central hallmarks of asthma. Studies in patients with asthma suggest that BHR to adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP) is a better marker of bronchial inflammation than BHR to methacholine. The association between markers of airway inflammation and BHR to methacholine and AMP in a population of young adults, with mild symptoms if any, was evaluated. A total of 230 subjects who participated in a follow-up study on occupational allergy were included. Before exposure to occupational allergens, subjects completed a questionnaire on respiratory symptoms and were tested for atopy, blood eosinophilia (> or =275/mm(3)), and BHR to methacholine and AMP (> or =15% fall in FEV(1)). Risk estimates were expressed as prevalence ratios (PR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Dose-response slopes (DRS) for methacholine and AMP were compared between healthy control subjects, self-reported allergic rhinitis, and allergic asthma. BHR to AMP was associated with allergic rhinitis (PR 2.51, 95% CI: 1.22;5.17), allergic asthma (PR 4.38, 95% CI: 1.98;9.66), with atopy (PR 3.87, 95% CI: 1.76;8.52), and blood eosinophilia (PR 3.57, 95% CI: 1.48;8.77), but not with baseline FEV(1). BHR to methacholine was inversely related to prechallenge FEV(1) (PR 0.97, 95% CI: 0.96;0.99). For both methacholine and AMP the geometric mean DRS increased along the axis asymptomatic-allergic rhinitis-allergic asthma, but for AMP the increase was the strongest. In this population study among young adults, BHR to AMP refers to allergic background of airway lability and BHR to methacholine is related to a diminished airway caliber.
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PMID:Bronchial responsiveness to adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP) and methacholine differ in their relationship with airway allergy and baseline FEV(1). 1181 11

Bronchial hyperresponsiveness is present in virtually all patients with asthma and in more than two thirds of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Thus far, methacholine and histamine are usually used to measure bronchial hyperresponsiveness. Both are direct stimuli, because they act directly on airway smooth muscle. Another possible stimulus to measure bronchial hyperresponsiveness is AMP. AMP is an indirect stimulus, because it acts via the release of histamine and other mediators from immunologically primed mast cells. There is increasing interest in the role of AMP as a bronchoconstrictor stimulus because it has been suggested that the concentration of AMP causing the FEV 1 to decrease by 20% (PC 20 AMP) may be used as a noninvasive marker of airway inflammation. The aim of this article was to review the literature assessing AMP's value in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
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PMID:The role of endogenous and exogenous AMP in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. 1548 Mar 9

Bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) is a common feature in the majority of asthmatic subjects and methacholine is the most frequently used agent for the test. The influence of 3 or 5 min time intervals between doses steps in a double methacholine challenge test (MCH-3' or MCH-5') was investigated. Using the MCH-3' challenge, 52 intermittent asthmatics were classified as having moderate (BHR-M; 18 subjects), mild (BHR-m; 19 subjects), or bordeline (BHR-B; 15 subjects) BHR. The cumulative dose and the PD20FEV(1) were higher for MCH-5' compared with MCH-3' in BHR-m (p < 0.05) and BHR-B (p < 0.05) but not in the BHR-M group. Also the dose response slopes, FEV(1)% decline/cumulative methacholine dose, calculated for the two challenge tests were statistically different only in BHR-m (p < 0.05) and BHR-B (p < 0.01). At MCH-5', there were 16 subjects with BHR-M, 18 with BHR-m, 12 with BHR-B and 6 subjects with normal reactivity. Results may suggest that in the group of BHR-m and BHR-B subjects, at MCH-5' compared with MCH-3', the cumulative effect of the administered drug, quickly metabolized by cholinesterase, is not complete, thus leading to an incorrect estimation of bronchial hyperresponsiveness degree. It is hoped that time interval between doses be standardized to ensure maximum comparability within and between subjects in challenge tests.
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PMID:Time intervals (3' or 5') between dose steps can influence methacholine challenge test. 1579 63

The attack on the World Trade Center (WTC) on 9/11/2001 produced a massive dust cloud with acute exposure, and the rubble pile burning over 3 months exposed more than 300,000 residents, rescue workers, and clean-up workers. Firefighters in the New York City Fire Department had significant respiratory symptoms characterized by cough, dyspnea, gastroesophageal reflux, and nasal stuffiness with a significant 1-year decline in FVC and FEV(1). Bronchial hyperreactivity measured by methacholine challenge correlated with bronchial wall thickening on CT scans. Compared with the NHANES III data for FVC and FEV(1), 32% of 2,000 WTC dust-exposed residents and clean-up workers were below the lower 5th percentile. The most common abnormality was a low FVC pattern, a finding similar to that also described for individuals in rescue and recovery activities. Among those complaining of respiratory symptoms and normal spirometry, almost half had abnormalities detected with impedance oscillometry consistent with distal airways' disease. Follow-up with the WTC Health Registry and the WTC Environmental Health Center will help discern whether treatment with anti-inflammatory medications or bronchodilators in those with respiratory symptoms may prevent the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
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PMID:Emerging exposures and respiratory health: World Trade Center dust. 2042 88


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