Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UNIPROT:Q96S42 (nodal)
 22,877 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Four brothers with a maximum age difference of 20 years, the eldest of whom has been re-examined after a 10 year interval, have sinoatrial block, a supra-hisian atrioventricular block and paroxysmal atrial arrhythmias which have led to partial atrial standstill in the eldest: left anterior hemiblock is also present in the two youngest brothers. The condition is very well tolerated. This family is compared to the other 12 reported cases of familial idiopathic binodal block in the adult, an autosomal dominant condition with variable penetration. The diagnosis is reserved and justifies endocavitary investigation of the sinus node function and atrioventricular conduction in the four brothers and the most exposed members of their family. The mechanism of the condition is unknown. It seems to arise from variable degrees of nonspecific of the nodal and atrial tissues.
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PMID:[Adult familial idiopathic binodal block]. 12 Jul 10

The chemotherapy in its systemic form should be reserved for advanced Hodgkin's disease, i.e. stages III B and IV, but it deserves consideration even for stage II B if B-symptoms are prominent. The following problems will be discussed: 1. Monotherapy or combination chemotherapy? 2. Simultaneous or sequential drug application in case of combined chemotherapy? 3. Continuous application or intermittent therapy? 4. Maintenance therapy or unmaintained remission? 5. Use of chemotherapy in early stages too? 6. Use of combined modality approach (chemo-/radiotherapy) with regard to the stage of the disease? Some combination chemotherapy regimens (MOPP, ABDV) as well as sequential drug application in case of treatment failures will be discussed . Hazards of a complete course of chemotherapy following total nodal irradiation or total nodal irradiation following such combination chemotherapy are mentioned. If the radiation dose is reduced, the combined modality approach might still improve results of treatment. Finally some new drugs in development for treatment of resistant disease are introduced.
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PMID:[Chemotherapy in Hodgkin's disease (author's transl)]. 74 13

Of 915 resections for bronchogenic carcinoma over a 25-year period (1945-1969), 249 patients survived over 5 years; 127 of the patients eligible survived over 10 years, 61 over 15 years, and 22 over 20 years. The case material was divided into three time periods: 1945-49, 1950-59 and 1960-69, as well as by extent of resection. Lobectomy became the operation of choice, pneumonectomy being reserved for the more extensive lesions. Observed survival rates at 5, 10 and 15 years for 561 patients in the lobetomy series were 35, 22 and 15%, respectively, but strikingly increased to 41, 28 and 19% in the 1960-69 period. Observed rates for 354 patients having pneumonectomies were similar for three time periods, being 16, 8 and 6% at 5, 10 and 15 years, respectively. Relative survival rates for the lobectomy series at 5, 10 and 15 years rose from 33, 28 and 26%, repectively, in the 1950-59 period to 50, 39 and 35% in the last time period, becoming a near horizontal curve segment after 5 years. Dominant factors in survival were extent of the lesion and stage of nodal involvement, histologic type and location being less significant.
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PMID:Long-term survival after resection for bronchogenic carcinoma. 96

One must conclude on the basis of the above analysis that tumor doses in excess of 3,600 or 4,000 rads add only to morbidity, and not to local control. Secondly, the technique of irradiating involved lymph node groups only, leaving other areas to be treated "later," apparently denies the possibility of cure to a significant number of patients with early stage Hodgkin's disease. Recurrence or extension almost uniformly leads to eventual death from disease despite retreatment. No case of second primary cancer has been documented in the patient population included in this report. However, the number at risk is relatively small and chemotherapy was reserved only for generalized recurrence. Since the reported 20 times expected incidence occurred with the combination of total-nodal and multple-agent chemotherapy, one would not expect an increased incidence of second primary lesions in this series.
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PMID:Irradiation of stage I and II Hodgkin's disease. 111 49

The impact of para-aortic field radiation therapy upon survival was studied among 26 patients with para-aortic nodal metastases from carcinoma of the endometrium. Seventeen of these 26 patients received postoperative radiation therapy to the para-aortic field as a part of their primary therapy. Sixteen of the 17 also received adjuvant hormonal therapy. Nine of 17 patients (53%) are alive without evidence of disease (18-55 months) with a median survival time of 27 months. Of the remaining eight patients, six (35%) died of endometrial cancer at 6-38 months, with a median survival time of 14.5 months. Five of these patients had distant disease. Two of the 17 patients (12%) died of intestinal obstruction felt to be secondary to radiation enteritis, one of whom was disease free. No difference in survival was detected in patients treated with radiation therapy with microscopic versus macroscopic nodal involvement. Of the nine patients who did not receive para-aortic radiation, eight were treated with hormonal therapy (n = 6) or chemotherapy (n = 2). Seven patients died of disease from 5-28 months, with a median survival time of 13 months. One patient is alive at 12 months. Survival in the 17 patients treated with para-aortic radiation was better than the eight patients not treated with para-aortic radiation (p = 0.004). This survival difference remained significant for patients with microscopic but not macroscopic nodal disease. Para-aortic field radiation appears to improve survival, but has a significant complication rate, and should be reserved for patients with histologic evidence of para-aortic metastases.
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PMID:Radiation therapy for surgically proven para-aortic node metastasis in endometrial carcinoma. 152 60

Follicular carcinoma deserves a careful preoperative evaluation and multidisciplinary therapy planning. Needle aspiration may be of less value than for other thyroid lesions. If the surgeon is suspicious of a carcinoma, a total lobectomy of the involved side and frozen section may be indicated. Lobectomy with or without isthmusectomy seems to be the minimal treatment for tumors confined to the lobe without nodal metastases. Total thyroidectomy is reserved for patients at high risk by nature of age, large lesions, angioinvasion, capsular invasion, or known metastatic disease where subsequent I-131 therapy is considered likely. I-131 scanning for metastatic disease is indicated in these high-risk patients. I-131 therapy is very valuable for treatment of metastatic disease; and in patients presenting with metastatic disease, total thyroidectomy may be indicated to maximize the therapeutic benefit of the I-131. Judicious planning and care of these patients can result in a 50 to 70% total cure and as high as 85% long-term survival.
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PMID:Follicular carcinoma of the thyroid. 203 45

Controversy exists concerning the role of adjunctive chemotherapy in patients with regional nodal involvement. A randomized study reported a 48% relapse rate for patients with positive nodes (stage B1 or stage B2), all of whom were salvaged by full-dose platinum-based chemotherapy. In a series of patients with positive nodes who received two cycles of adjunctive chemotherapy postoperatively, the relapse rate was only 2%. In order to evaluate the effect of retroperitoneal lymph node dissection on relapse rates in patients with stage B1 testicular cancer, a retrospective review of a series of 39 patients was performed. Criteria for inclusion included pathologic stage B1 (less than six positive nodes, located in the primary landing site, with no node greater than 2 cm in diameter and no extracapsular lymph node extension). Patients who fulfilled the criteria along with normalization of tumor markers were followed-up expectantly after retroperitoneal lymph node dissection. Thirty-nine patients were followed from 1 to 10 years with the median duration of follow-up of 3.5 years. Ten of the 39 patients had modified retroperitoneal lymph node dissections with preservation of antegrade ejaculation. The other 29 had full retroperitoneal lymph node dissections. Three relapses were seen, one patient with retrocrural and pulmonary metastases and two patients with pulmonary metastases only for a relapse rate of 8% (three of 39). Patients with stage B2 disease received adjunctive chemotherapy with two or three cycles of platinum-based chemotherapy. We conclude that retroperitoneal lymph node dissection alone is adequate treatment for the majority of patients with pathologic stage B1 testicular cancer. In that subset of patients, adjunctive chemotherapy should be reserved for relapse.
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PMID:Is adjuvant chemotherapy necessary for patients with stage B1 testicular cancer? 207 43

The object of this study was to determine the electrophysiological effects of 3-hydroxy-dihydroquinidine (3-OH-HQ) in man. The electrophysiological parameters were measured in 12 patients before and after intravenous infusion of 5 mg/kg of 3-OH-HQ in 15 minutes. The mean plasma concentrations obtained varied from 2.4 +/- 1.1 mg/l at the 20th minute to 0.9 +/- 0.3 mg/l at the 60th minute. In these concentrations, 3-OH-HQ did not cause hypotension or affect the heart rate and nodal conduction. It did, however, prolong infra-hisian and intraventricular conduction and ventricular repolarisation from the 20th to the 60th minute after starting the infusion. The peak effect was observed at the 20th minute (+19 +/- 3.4 ms; +14.6 +/- 3.5 ms; and +44.5 +/- 6.6 ms, respectively). The 3-OH-HQ increased the effective atrial and ventricular refractory periods at the 30th minute (+21.8 +/- 5.5 ms and +22.3 +/- 7 ms, respectively). However, the ventricular effect only was discernable at the 60th minute. These effects are quantitatively comparable to those of quinidine. Extrapolation of these results to the effects of chronic oral treatment should be reserved as the therapeutic zone of this new molecule has not yet been determined.
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PMID:[Electrophysiologic effects of intravenous 3-hydroxy-dihydroquinidine (LNC-834) in man]. 251 29

A randomised controlled trial of tamoxifen as a single adjuvant agent after mastectomy for early breast cancer, reported on at an average follow-up of almost 2 years in 1983, has now been followed up to a maximum of 6 years. 1285 patients aged 75 or less were entered into the trial. Premenopausal women with positive axillary nodes and postmenopausal women with both positive and negative axillary nodes were randomised to receive either tamoxifen 10 mg twice daily for two years or to the untreated control group with systemic therapy reserved until the time of relapse. 46% of the trial population had primary tumour specimens assayed for oestradiol receptor (ER) content. There has been a highly significant prolongation of the disease-free interval in the tamoxifen-treated group followed by a highly significant reduction in death rate, with 45 (34%) fewer deaths observed in the treated group than in the control group. This benefit appeared to be independent of menopausal, nodal, or ER status.
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PMID:Controlled trial of tamoxifen as single adjuvant agent in management of early breast cancer. Analysis at six years by Nolvadex Adjuvant Trial Organisation. 285 9

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is an unusual neoplasm among squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck. The tumor is rare in most parts of the world but is strikingly common in several Asian subpopulations, notably Chinese in Hong Kong and Guangdong Province. The Epstein-Barr virus is intimately related to the disease and elicits the formation of antibodies that are useful for diagnosis and follow-up study. The virus has not been conclusively shown to cause nasopharyngeal cancer, however.Histologically, nasopharyngeal carcinoma is anaplastic in 75% of cases and better differentiated in 25% of patients. All tumors are treated by high-dose irradiation to the primary site and both sides of the neck. Surgical treatment, in the neck only, is reserved for irradiation failures. The prognosis is better in patients younger than 40 years, in patients without clinical cervical nodal involvement and, unexpectedly, in patients with anaplastic tumors.
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PMID:Squamous carcinoma of the nasopharynx. 299 5


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