Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:Q96DG6 (Pseudomonas)
 76,258 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We compared the in-vitro activity of cefoperazone-sulbactam (2:1), other beta-lactams, amino-glycosides and ciprofloxacin against cefoperazone-susceptible and -resistant nosocomial gram-negative bacilli. Resistant isolates including Pseudomonas aeruginosa were susceptible to cefoperazone-sulbactam; the susceptible isolates had modestly increased susceptibility to the combination. Sulbactam, by itself, was poorly active. Among others tested, ciprofloxacin and imipenem were the most active. No inoculum effect was seen with cefoperazone-sulbactam and this drug combination had a prolonged post-antibiotic effect. Cefoperazone-sulbactam is an attractive candidate for evaluation in the treatment of nosocomial infections due to aerobic gram-negative bacilli.
Infection
PMID:In-vitro susceptibility of cefoperazone-susceptible and -resistant gram-negative rods to cefoperazone plus sulbactam, other beta-lactams, aminoglycosides and quinolone. 201 10

We conducted a randomized comparison of oral ofloxacin (400 mg twice a day) and parenteral agents (cefazolin, 1.0 g intravenously every 8 h, or ceftazidime, 2.0 g intravenously every 12 h) in biopsy-confirmed, nonprosthesis osteomyelitis. A total of 19 subjects received ofloxacin for an average of 8 weeks, and 14 received parenteral antibiotics for an average of 4 weeks; both therapies were well tolerated. Infections were due to Staphylococcus aureus (40%), Enterococcus spp. (3%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (15%), and other gram-negative organisms (42%). At the completion of therapy, one P. aeruginosa infection in the ofloxacin group persisted and the organism acquired resistance, accompanied by a resistant Acinetobacter superinfection. In the parenteral group, one S. aureus infection persisted, and there was a resolved superinfection due to S. aureus as well. Eighteen-month follow-up data have been obtained. Among those treated with ofloxacin, four subjects whose initial response to therapy was successful suffered relapses of infection, three due to S. aureus and one due to P. aeruginosa, while in the parenteral group, one subject with a P. aeruginosa infection relapsed. Long-term response to therapy was successful for 14 of 19 (74%) subjects who received ofloxacin and 12 of 14 (86%) who received parenteral antibiotics; the difference was not significant. Oral ofloxacin appears comparable to parenteral antibiotics in chronic osteomyelitis due to susceptible organisms, and oral ofloxacin offers advantages in economics and convenience.
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PMID:Ofloxacin versus parenteral therapy for chronic osteomyelitis. 203 5

In a prospective randomized study we evaluated the efficacy and safety of oral ofloxacin (dosage: 200 mg three times daily) versus trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (dosage: 960 mg three times daily) as antibacterial prophylaxis in 128 patients with acute leukemia who received aggressive cytotoxic chemotherapy and were granulocytopenic for a median duration of 30 days. Fewer patients receiving ofloxacin were colonized by Enterobacteriaceae (13% versus 90%, p less than 0.001) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (3% versus 14%, p = 0.025), and developed gram-negative bacterial infection (4% versus 26%, p = 0.002), whereas the incidence of gram-positive bacterial (19% versus 22%) and fungal (7% versus 14%) infections was similar in both groups. Ofloxacin was significantly better tolerated than trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and shortened the duration of fever (p = 0.02) and of parenteral antimicrobial therapy for presumed or documented acquired infection (p = 0.01). Ofloxacin appears to be a safe, effective, well-tolerated alternative to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for preventing gram-negative infection in acute leukemia, but more effective prophylaxis of gram-positive infections is still needed.
Infection
PMID:Ofloxacin versus trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for prevention of infection in patients with acute leukemia and granulocytopenia. 205 Apr 24

A significant increase in the use of vascular access devices has changed the spectrum of organisms causing bacteremia and fungemia at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center. This paper documents the 1988 laboratory experience with bacteremia and fungemia and contrasts some of that data with information obtained in 1984. In 1988, 439 tunnelled-catheters and 355 ports were inserted in patients; 2,778 organisms were subsequently recovered from 933 episodes of bacteremia and fungemia. Fifty-percent of the episodes of bacteremia and fungemia were vascular access device-related. Compared to 1984, the relative incidence of bacteremia due to gram-positive organisms increased from 33 to 43%, polymicrobic cultures increased from 24 to 27%, and the number of organisms with colony counts greater than 100 cfu/ml increased from 24 to 44%. In 1988, device-related sepsis was often caused by Acinetobacter spp., Bacillus spp., Corynebacterium spp., pseudomonads other than Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and coagulase-negative staphylococci. Infection was also caused by species of flavobacteria, Micrococcus, and Rhodotorula. Efforts required for identification of many of the newer pathogens have escalated material and personnel costs.
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PMID:Changes in the spectrum of organisms causing bacteremia and fungemia in immunocompromised patients due to venous access devices. 207 97

Oral cephalosporins (cefixime, cefdinir, cefetamet, ceftibuten, cefpodoxime, loracarbef, cefprozil, cefuroxime, cefaclor, cefadroxil and BAY 3522) were compared by their antibacterial profile including stability against new beta-lactamases. Both activity and antibacterial spectrum of compounds structurally related to third generation parenteral cephalosporins (of the oximino class) were superior to established compounds. Activity against staphylococci was found to be highest for cefdinir, cefprozil and BAY 3522. Cefetamet, ceftibuten and cefixime demonstrate no clinically meaningful antistaphylococcal activity while the other compounds investigated demonstrate intermediate activity. The antibacterial spectrum was broadest for cefdinir and cefpodoxime. New oral cephalosporins are equally inactive as established compounds against Enterobacter spp., Morganella, Listeria, Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter spp., methicillin-resistant staphylococci, Enterococcus spp., penicillin-resistant pneumococci and anaerobes. New extended broad-spectrum betalactamases (TEM-3, TEM-5, TEM-6, TEM-7, SHV-2, SHV-3, SHV-4, SHV-5, CMY-1, CMY-2, and CTX-M) are active against the majority of oral cephalosporins. Ceftibuten, cefetamet, cefixime and cefdinir were stable against some of these enzymes even to a higher extent than parenteral cephalosporins. New oral cephalosporins should improve the therapeutic perspectives of oral cephalosporins due to their higher activity against pathogens marginally susceptible to established compounds (higher multiplicity of maximum plasma concentrations over MICs of the pathogens) and furthermore by including in their spectrum organisms resistant to established absorbable cephalosporins (e.g. Proteus spp., Providencia spp., Citrobacter spp., and Serratia spp.).
Infection 1990
PMID:[Antibacterial activity and beta-lactamase stability of eleven oral cephalosporins]. 207 78

The bacteriology of cystic fibrosis shows a unique and predictable progression of colonizing micro-organisms. The reason for this sequence is still not known, but thought must be given to the idea that it may be related to the genetic disorder in some way. If this were to be true, an understanding of the colonization mechanisms at all stages in this progression could provide valuable insights for the development of novel therapies. As far as can be ascertained from published studies, mucus is the site of colonization in cystic fibrosis. While there is no doubt that the major pathogen, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, adheres to injured cells more avidly than to intact cells, the overwhelming evidence indicates that it also attaches more avidly to mucus than to intact airway cells by means of specific adhesin-receptor mechanisms. Studies with Staphylococcus aureus, the other major pathogen, are also in progress. These indicate that this organism also has an affinity for mucus. At this time the studies suggest a lesser affinity than P. aeruginosa, at least with adult mucins. These two organisms do not however appear to share the same receptor. In addition to these two major pathogens, Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae, pathogens of lesser importance also adhere to mucus. Therefore adhesion to mucus or mucins may be a recurring theme in all airway colonization. A knowledge of the factors which control these tropisms ought to provide insights into the bacterial specificity seen in cystic fibrosis and other diseases.
Infection
PMID:The role of bacterial adhesion in cystic fibrosis including the staphylococcal aspect. 210 48

Bacterial translocation (BT) occurs after thermal injury in rodents in association with intestinal barrier loss. Infection complicating thermal injury may also affect the intestine producing bowel atrophy. To study these relationships, Wistar rats received either 30% scald followed by wound inoculation with Pseudomonas; 30% scald with pair feeding to infected animals; or sham injury as controls. On days 1, 4, and 7 after injury animals were killed with examination of the bowel and culture of the mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN), livers, spleens, and blood. All burned animals demonstrated BT to the MLN on day 1 after injury, but only burn-infected animals had continued BT on days 4 and 7, with progression of BT to the abdominal organs and blood. Burn injury and infection also resulted in significant atrophy of small bowel mucosa temporally associated with continued BT. Thus injury complicated by infection results in prolonged and enhanced bacterial translocation, perhaps due to failure to maintain the mucosal barrier.
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PMID:Bacterial translocation and intestinal atrophy after thermal injury and burn wound sepsis. 210 21

The in vitro activity of cefpirome was evaluated against strains that showed conflicting results for third generation cephalosporins. Against isolates with derepressed inducible chromosomal cephalosporinase (n = 40) cefpirome was the sole cephalosporin with an MIC90 in the susceptible range; Klebsiella spp. with plasmid-mediated beta-lactamases (broad spectrum SHV-2 or SHV-2 type) (n = 40) remained most susceptible to ceftizoxime and cefpirome; against aminoglycoside-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 50), cefpirome was as active as ceftazidime and cefoperazone; against oxacillin-susceptible and oxacillin-resistant Staphylococcus spp., (n = 40), cefpirome was more active than other third generation cephalosporins but killing was inadequate against both oxacillin-resistant staphylococci and enterococci.
Infection
PMID:In vitro activity of cefpirome compared with other third generation cephalosporins against nosocomial isolates in Argentina. 211 72

Two monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) designated 2A1 and 6A4 which had been shown to be directed against Pseudomonas aeruginosa outer membrane lipoprotein I were tested in cyclophosphamide treated mice for their protective ability against P. aeruginosa infection. Pretreatment of mice with either 2 mg of 2A1 or 4 mg of 6A4 in combination with lethally irradiated human leucocytes reduced the mortality after subsequent subcutaneous injection of 100 living P. aeruginosa organisms to 50% of the controls. Without leucocytes only mAb 2A1 (isotype IgG2b) showed protection (47%). Irradiated leucocytes alone without mAb did not protect the mice significantly from fatal P. aeruginosa infection.
Infection
PMID:Protection of immunosuppressed mice against infection with pseudomonas aeruginosa by monoclonal antibodies to outer membrane protein OprI. 212 Jan 32

Infection is a common problem for bone marrow transplant (BMT) recipients during the period of neutropenia that immediately follows the procedure. Gram-negative infections present a particular hazard in these immunocompromised hosts. To augment host defenses against one such pathogen, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, we immunized bone marrow transplant donors and/or recipients with a polyvalent O-polysaccharide-toxin A conjugate vaccine. When either donor or recipient alone was vaccinated before transplant, no increase in specific antibody titers to any of the vaccine components was observed in the recipient. However, when both donor and recipient were vaccinated before transplant, increases in antibody titers to all polysaccharide components occurred to levels shown to be protective in animal models of gram-negative sepsis. Specific antibodies were primarily of the IgG1 and IgG2 subclass even though IgG2 subclass deficiency is common after BMT. The requirement for both donor and recipient immunization reflects the need for primed donor B lymphocytes in the marrow inoculum to be transferred into an antigen-containing environment so that maximum B-cell proliferation and antibody secretion can occur. Adoptive transfer of antibody responses to Pseudomonas aeruginosa and other common bacterial pathogens has the potential to reduce infection-related morbidity and mortality after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation.
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PMID:Immunity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa adoptively transferred to bone marrow transplant recipients. 212 33


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