Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:Q96DG6 (Pseudomonas)
 76,258 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The new oral cephalosporins cefpodoxime, cefixime, cefdinir, cefetamet and ceftibuten demonstrate enhanced activity against Enterobacteriaceae susceptible to the established compounds as well (e.g. cefuroxime, cefaclor, cefadroxil). In addition, cefpodoxime, cefixime, cefdinir, cefetamet and ceftibuten include in their spectrum species hitherto resistant to oral cephalosporins (Proteus vulgaris, Providencia spp., Yersinia enterocolitica). Besides, the majority of these compounds demonstrate relevant activity (MIC50 equal to or below 2 mg/l) against Enterobacter spp., Citrobacter freundii, Serratia spp. and Morganella morganii. Ceftibuten is the most potent oral cephalosporin against most of the Enterobacteriaceae. Non-fermentative bacilli (Acinetobacter spp., Pseudomonas spp.) remain completely resistant to oral cephalosporins (except some Acinetobacter species against cefdinir and Pseudomonas cepacia against ceftibuten). Antistaphylococcal activity for oral cephalosporins is highest for cefdinir followed by BAY 3522, cefprozil, cefuroxime and cefpodoxime. Loracarbef, cefaclor and cefadroxil are about equally active, while the other compounds are only weakly active (cefixime) or inactive (cefetamet, ceftibuten). Enterococci are insensitive to new generation oral cephalosporins as they have been to established compounds. The most active oral cephalosporins against hemolytic streptococci are cefdinir and cefprozil. Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus milleri and Streptococcus mitior are most susceptible to cefpodoxime, cefdinir, cefuroxime and BAY 3522. Penicillin resistant pneumococci have to be regarded as resistant to all oral cephalosporins. Fastidious pathogens like Haemophilus spp., Moraxella catarrhalis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae are more susceptible to cefpodoxime, cefixime, cefdinir, cefetamet and ceftibuten than to the other oral cephalosporins. The activity of oral cephalosporins is only weak against Listeria spp., Helicobacter pylori and anaerobic pathogens (except BAY 3522). Bordetella pertussis remains resistant to all absorbable cephalosporins. Progress in antibacterial activity of oral cephalosporins was mainly achieved by cefpodoxime, cefixime, cefdinir, cefetamet and ceftibuten against Enterobacteriaceae and the fastidious pathogens and against staphylococci and the nonenterococcal streptococci by cefdinir, BAY 3522, cefprozil and cefpodoxime.
Infection
PMID:Antibacterial activity of cefpodoxime in comparison with cefixime, cefdinir, cefetamet, ceftibuten, loracarbef, cefprozil, BAY 3522, cefuroxime, cefaclor and cefadroxil. 180 Mar 77

The antimicrobial activity of cefpodoxime, the active metabolite of the new cephalosporin ester cefpodoxime proxetil, in comparison to cefixime, cefotiam, cefuroxime, and cefotaxime was determined against a broad spectrum of freshly isolated gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial strains. Cefpodoxime was demonstrated to be inhibitory at concentrations of less than or equal to 1 mg/l against 90% of strains of Moraxella catarrhalis, Haemophilus influenzae, Escherichia coli (beta-lactamase- negative strains), Klebsiella spp., Serratia spp., Proteus mirabilis, Proteus vulgaris, Providencia spp., and Salmonella spp. This antimicrobial activity of cefpodoxime was generally superior to that of cefuroxime and similar to that of cefixime. Cefpodoxime was active at less than or equal to 1 mg/l against 50% of the members of beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli, Enterobacter cloacae, Enterobacter aerogenes, Citrobacter spp., and Morganella morganii. Cefpodoxime proved to be highly inhibitory against group A, B, and G streptococci and Streptococcus pneumoniae (MIC90 less than 0.015 mg/l). The MICs of cefpodoxime and those of the other cephalosporins were less than 2 mg/l for greater than or equal to 90% of the strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis, with the exception of cefixime which had no activity with MICs below 8 mg/l against these bacteria. Pseudomonas spp., Acinetobacter spp., and Enterococcus spp. were resistant to cefpodoxime. The antibacterial activity of cefpodoxime was only to a minor degree influenced by different growth conditions with the exception of high inoculum sizes against some beta-lactamase producing strains of gram-negative bacilli.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Infection
PMID:Cefpodoxime: comparative antibacterial activity, influence of growth conditions, and bactericidal activity. 180 Mar 79

Bacterial translocation (Bt) from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract to systemic organs creates the possibility of Infection and sepsis in a great number of pathologic entities. In a mouse model of Intestinal Obstruction (IO), we evaluated the type of micro-organisms and the organs that bacteria frequent translocated. At 24 hours post-10, positive cultures where obtained at the MLN, portal, systemic circulation and peritoneal cavity, establishing that the translocation is bi-directional. The more frequent bacteria isolated were the Streptococcus group D, Proteus mirabilis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas sp., an clostridium. BT occurs at 24 hour post-OI and was due to increased intestinal permeability, at 48 hrs BT increased and related to the physical disruption of the mucosal barrier in the intestinal mucosa. Cell mediated immunity (CMI) response in this model was not altered, although a progressive decrease was observed at 48 hrs it was not significant, suggesting that the CMI play no role in the pathogenesis of BT. In the Control-Laparotomy group, CMI response was increased significantly at 48 hours, suggesting that a simple laparotomy boost the immune defense response.
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PMID:[Bacterial translocation in a model of intestinal obstruction. II. Bacteriological study and role of cellular immunity]. 184 60

In a multicentre non-randomized open prospective study, 124 patients hospitalized in medical infectious disease or intensive care units, with severe community and hospital-acquired bacterial infections were treated with 15 mg/kg body weight amikacin in a once-daily dose given as a 30 min iv infusion, combined with other antibiotics. Infections were bacteriologically proven in 101 patients. The clinical responses showed 83.1% primary success and 83.9% definitive cure predominantly in intensive care patients with hospital-acquired infections and pneumonia. Bacteriological eradication was achieved in 67.3%. Bacteria associated with true failures and colonizations were predominantly Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter and Staphylococcus spp. The risk of nephrotoxicity may be decreased with such a regimen of amikacin, but no conclusions could be drawn with regard to ototoxicity. In summary, a once-daily dosing regimen of amikacin 15 mg/kg is practical and probably efficacious and safe in severely infected patients.
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PMID:Clinical and bacteriological efficacy, and practical aspects of amikacin given once daily for severe infections. 185 49

The in vitro activity of cefepime and SCE-2787, two new parenteral cephalosporins, and the combination effect with tobramycin and gentamicin against nosocomial gram-negative rods was studied using checkerboard agar dilution technique. Cefepime showed excellent in-vitro activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter cloacae, Serratia marcescens and Proteus vulgaris (MIC90 0.03-0.125 mg/l) and good to moderate activity against Acinetobacter anitratus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Pseudomonas cepacia (MIC90 4-16 mg/l). SCE-2787 had an excellent activity against Citrobacter spp. (MIC90 0.125 mg/l) and a very good activity against A. anitratus, P. aeruginosa and P. vulgaris (MIC90 1-2 mg/l). Pseudomonas maltophilia was not inhibited at therapeutically achievable concentrations (MIC90 64 mg/l). On average, 14-28% of the strains were inhibited by synergistic SCE-2787 aminoglycoside-combinations, whereas only 8.6% were inhibited by a synergistic effect of the combination with cefepime and gentamicin. No antagonism occurred with any of the combinations.
Infection
PMID:Combination effect of SCE-2787 and cefepime with aminoglycosides on nosocomial gram-negative bacteria. 188 77

From the microbiological point of view a variety of highly active compounds has contributed to improved efficacy of antibacterial chemotherapy during the last few decades. In some cases, however, resistance has increased due to different molecular mechanisms. Resistance to the new generation of broad-spectrum beta-lactams is in the cases of TEM and SHV enzymes based upon the stepwise acquisition of point mutations within the structural gene. Multiresistance to aminoglycosides is caused by a combination of different genes coding for aminoglycoside modifying enzymes on transferable plasmids. Resistance to glycopeptides has recently been detected in enterococci and is due to a new mechanism of resistance. These substances have so far had unlimited activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and have been widely used for treatment of pseudomembranous colitis. While all the three mechanisms of resistance mentioned above are transferable among different strains, no evidence exists so far for transferable resistance to 4-quinolones. However, for S. aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa an increase of resistance has been reported. The underlying mechanisms seem to be unchanged. The detection of global changes in the development of resistance and the discrimination of these changes from local events requires recording of statistically significant data obtained with approved methods and evaluation of the data with standardized international breakpoints. Consequently, the use of new agents should be controlled efficiently.
Infection 1991
PMID:[Evaluation of the development of resistance as a factor for the limitation of therapeutic possibilities]. 190 Oct 50

Microbiological samples were collected from the ears of patients with otitis externa for a period of 1 year. Altogether, 226 evaluable samples from 104 males and 122 females were received. The age range of the patients was similar to that of the Norwegian population. A wide variety of bacteria and fungi was isolated. The commonest isolates, excluding normal flora, were Staphylococcus aureus (34.1%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (22.1%) and Streptococcus pyogenes (8.8%); 9.3% samples contained fungi. Of all samples, 15% showed a mixture of Gram-positive and Gram-negative, potentially pathogenic, bacteria. Infection due to Gram-negative organisms alone was commoner in males, while the lack of any obvious microbial aetiology was more frequent in females. Isolation of S. aureus together with S. pyogenes was common but that of S. aureus together with S. pyogenes was common but that of S. aureus together with P. aeruginosa was unusual. In treated patients, the finding of streptococci and S. aureus was rare whereas that of P. aeruginosa or absence of growth was common. Otitis externa involving Gram-positive bacteria seems to be more prevalent in our area than in that of other reported studies.
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PMID:Microbial aetiology of otitis externa. 190 4

In a multicenter observational study of 163 medical and surgical patients with a total of 173 episodes of sepsis or septic shock (Elebute sepsis score: 19.0 +/- 0.5), the effects of supplemental i.v. immunoglobulin (i.v. IG) treatment (unmodified polyvalent IgG pH 4.25, n = 123; for Pseudomonas sepsis, n = 50, Pseudomonas IgG) on multiple organ failure (MOF) were investigated by means of APACHE II score changes (pretreatment: 23.7 +/- 0.6). In 44% of the cases ("responders"), a prompt improvement in APACHE II score (defined as decrease greater than or equal to 4) was evident from day 0 to day 4 after onset of therapy, thus being in close time relationship to the i.v. IG administration. This improvement, associated with a better prognosis (mortality 24% vs. 55%), was found in all subgroups, most importantly the following: polyvalent IgG vs. Pseudomonas IgG treatment; medical vs. surgical patients; moderate vs. severe MOF; and gram-positive vs. gram-negative septicemia. In a small-sized second comparative nonrandomized control group (n = 27, antibiotic treatment alone) of septic patients (Elebute: 14.7 +/- 1.0) with similar MOF severity (APACHE II: 23.6 +/- 1.4), the response rate (30%) was, though not statistically significant, lower by one-third. The optimal baseline score ranges for patient inclusion into future placebo-controlled randomized i.v. IG trials were found to be 20-35 for the APACHE II score and 12-27 for the Elebute score.
Infection
PMID:Supplemental immunoglobulin (ivIgG) treatment in 163 patients with sepsis and septic shock--an observational study as a prerequisite for placebo-controlled clinical trials. 191 32

Ciprofloxacin is an essential enrichment of the antibacterial therapy. The activity spectrum comprises enterobacteria, haemophiliacs and Neisseriae, furthermore Legionellae and species of Pseudomonas (except Ps. maltophila). In the gram-positive area staphylococci, Listeriae and corynebacteria are covered, whereas species of streptococci including pneumococci are only moderately sensitive or resistent. Infections of the urinary tract, of the respiratory tract and the biliary tract as well as enteral infections are the main indications. Furthermore, an application in osteomyelitis and arthritis, in chlamydial infections and mycoplasmal infections, in legionellosis and for the selective decontamination in threatening granulocytopenia is justified. Pregnancy, period of growth and cerebral convulsive disorders are contraindications.
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PMID:[Effective microbiologic spectrum of gyrase inhibitors--indications and contraindications]. 196 46

Infection of host plants by Pseudomonas solanacerum results in wilting, which is thought to be due largely to the occlusion of xylem vessels by the P. solanacearum extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) that primarily consists of N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc). By means of Tn3 mutagenesis, we identified a 6.5-kb gene cluster that contains five complementation units required for EPS production and virulence in this bacterium. There was positive correlation between the amount of EPS produced in culture and (i) in planta growth and (ii) virulence. Based on analysis of beta-glucuronidase-gene fusions, these genes are expressed both in broth cultures and in planta and may be constitutive. Both wild-type and mutant strains contained similar amounts of UDP-GalNAc, the predicted primary substrate for EPS synthesis. Thus, the EPS mutants we obtained should be useful in the analysis of steps in the assembly of the polysaccharide and how this process is related to virulence.
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PMID:Genetic and biochemical characterization of a Pseudomonas solanacearum gene cluster required for extracellular polysaccharide production and for virulence. 199 85


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