Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:Q96DG6 (Pseudomonas)
 76,258 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A number of immunological and non-immunological techniques have been recently used to detect soluble microbial substances in body fluids of patients with acute meningitis, bacteremia, and lobar pneumonia. By the immunological methods capsular highly polymerized polisaccharide group- or type-specific antigens of the most common C. N. S. pathogens (N. meningitidis A, B, and C; Str. pneumoniae, H. influenzae type b, E. coli K1, mucoid Pseudomonas, Cryptococcus neoformans) can be detected and quantitated in spinal fluids, sera, urine and other fluids specimens from meningitic patients. Capsular type-specific antigens from pneumococcus, and likely from H. influenzae as well, can be detected in sputum from patients with lower respiratory infection. Among the various techniques, the radioimmunoassay appears as the most sensitive one, but high diagnostic sensitivity can be also achieved by using the latex agglutination, haemoagglutination inhibition and coagglutination tests. Counterimmunoelectrophoresis, however, is still the far most used technique for determining soluble microbial antigens, albeit its sensitivity is significantly less than the one of the above mentioned methods. High specificity and some advantages in serotyping the causal organisms are probably the main reasons of such preferential employment. Among the non-immunological techniques the evaluation of lactate and lactic dehydrogenase has been used by some Author for differentiating between bacterial and non bacterial meningitis, and the limulus test for detecting Gram-negative bacterial endotoxins with a high degree of sensitivity and specificity. Finally, the liquid gas chromatography has been evaluated in detection of some organic products (microbial?), such as acids, amines, neutral compounds, in spinal fluid, allowing the differential diagnosis between bacterial, tuberculous, viral, and cryptococcal meningitis. In the present review sensitivity, specificity, and other properties of each test alone and in comparison with the conventional microbiological methods (Gram and culture) are evaluated and the biological and pathogenic role and significance of the soluble microbial antigens and endotoxin are discussed.
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PMID:[Research of the soluble microbial substances in organic fluids for the rapid diagnosis of some infections and particularly of bacterial meningitis (author's transl)]. 2 97

When mice were challenged intraperitoneally with 2.2 X 10(4) Pseudomonas aeruginosa in 0.5 ml of 2.7% mucin solution, the bacteria markedly increased in the peritoneal cavity, rapidly entered the blood stream, and the mice died, probably of bacteremia, within a short time. However, when mice were injected subcutaneously 4 hours prior to the challenge with 0.2 ml of 0.75% IgG (OEP-HA = 12.8) or IgM (OEP-HA = 64) separated from human plasma or 3% S-IgA EP-HA = 19.2) from fresh human milk, the bacteria were inhibited from propagating and were eliminated from the cavity so that they could not enter the blood stream. As a result, the mice tolerated the challenge and survived. When 3% IgA (OEP-HA less than 0.8) from human plasma was given, a complete cure was not effected in a few mice despite a general tendency of healing. Determination of the number of viable intra- and extracellular bacteria in the peritoneal cavity revealed that the infecting bacteria were rapidly phagocytized and killed by the peritoneal phagocytes in the presence of OEP-antibodies. These findings indicate that the effect of bacterial clearance from the cavity results from the cooperative action of OEP-antibodies and peritoneal phagocytes. Marked enhancement of phagocytosis by the antibodies was observed in an in vitro study in the presence of a heat-labile, complement-like substance(s). This finding is interpreted as evidence of the cooperative activity.
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PMID:The role of OEP-antibodies in Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. 10 1

Urinary tract infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa was induced in mice by transurethral inoculation of the organism into the bladder, followed by urethral obstruction for 6 h. The infection was mostly localized in the urinary organs. P. aeruginosa P9 was selected as the challenge organism from 10 laboratory strains of P. aeruginosa. After the inoculation of 10(7) colony-forming units of P. aeruginosa P9, transient bacteremia was observed in some of the mice from 6 h to 1 day after the inoculation. The number of organisms in the bladder tissue gradually decreased, whereas that in the kidneys increased to levels of 10(6) to 10(7) colony-forming units in 3 days, and these levels remained up to 2 weeks after the inoculation. The organisms gradually disappeared thereafter, and spontaneous recovery took place. The organisms could be recovered from the kidneys of 95% of the mice, and the gross lesions in the kidneys were observed in 77% of the mice 1 week after inoculation. The method developed here is simple and may be useful in the study of urinary tract infections due to P. aeruginosa and other species of bacteria.20
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PMID:Experimental urinary tract infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa in mice. 10 33

Strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were studied from 100 patients with bacteremia. In vitro quantitation of extracellular enzymes (lecithinase, protease, and elastase) and pyocine typing of these isolates were performed. No significant difference was found in the quantity of the enzymes produced or in the pyocine types by isolates obtained from patients dying from bacteremia or surviving this serious infection. Quantitation of the extracellular enzymes and pyocine types of blood isolates were contrasted with similar data obtained from sputum, urine, and skin isolates. One third of all strains produced minimal or no extracellular enzymes regardless of their source. However, the highest enzyme-producing strains were observed in the blood isolates. Although a greater variability of pyocine types was found in blood culture isolates, there was no significant difference between the pyocine types found in blood, urine, sputum, or skin isolates. The lack of correlation between the in vitro quantity of lecithinase, protease, and elastase produced by P. aeruginosa strains isolated from bacteremic patients and the prognosis of these patients supports the possible local rather than systemic significance of these extracellular enzymes in the pathogenesis of P. aeruginosa bacteremia.
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PMID:Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteremia: relationship of bacterial enzyme production and pyocine types with clinical prognosis in 100 patients. 10 56

During attempts to create a realistic model of fatal bacteremia due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa during immunosuppression, it was found that the invasive as well as the disseminated phase of infection could be mimicked by gentle instillation of 10(8) colony-forming units of P. aeruginosa into the intact conjunctival sac of agranulocytic rabbits. Within 48 hr animals developed conjunctivits leading to severe necrotizing vasculitis and fatal bacteremia. Twelve of 26 strains from patients with P. aeruginosa infections were virulent, causing death in 50%--100% of animals. Nine (75%) of 12 isolates from blood but only two (15%) of 13 isolates from sputum and urine were highly lethal. Neither proteolytic enzyme production nor serum resistance alone accounted for virulence. No infection developed in animals and normal leukocyte counts or in neutropenic animals given Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, or non-aeruginosa pseudomonads. A rare vasculitic lesion was observed in animals inoculated with Serratia marcescens. This model, which illustrates the distinctive features of P. aeruginosa infection, is so simple and reproducible that it should be useful for evaluation of the efficacy of drugs and immunization against Pseudomonas in the compromised host.
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PMID:Pseudomonas aeruginosa vasculitis and bacteremia following conjunctivitis: a simple model of fatal pseudomonas infection in neutropenia. 10 45

Rabbits with intracardiac catheters were immunized with heat-killed Pseudomonas aeruginosa or saline and challenged with either 10(9) (high inoculum) or 10(7) (low inoculum) pseudomonas. Immunization did not decrease the incidence of endocarditis when compared with controls, but it did significantly prolong survival. The longer survival of immunized rabbits after high-inoculum challenge was not due to prolongation of the course of endocarditis but to type-specific protection from early, overwhelming bacteremia. However, after low-inoculum challenge there were no early deaths and there was a significantly (P < 0.01) longer survival of immunized (17.4 days) than unimmunized (10.6 days) animals dying of endocarditis. Increased survival was associated with higher total and 2-mercaptoethanol-resistant hemagglutinating antibody titers 1 week after challenge in immunized as compared with unimmunized rabbits. Early (48 h after challenge) vegetation colonization was also significantly (P < 0.05) greater after type-specific as opposed to non-type-specific or saline immunization and low-inoculum challenge. However, whereas 67% of type-specifically immunized rabbits had colonized vegetations at 48 h, only 38.9% died with bacteremic endocarditis. Another 19.2% of immunized rabbits had vegetations colonized with > 10(5) colony-forming units of pseudomonas at elective sacrifice 2 weeks after challenge but no bacteremia; no unimmunized rabbit exhibited similar late colonization. Preexisting antibody may be important in the pathogenesis of pseudomonas endocarditis in drug addicts, and its presence may explain the subacute and often protracted course of the disease.
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PMID:Effect of type-specific active immunization on the development and progression of experimental Pseudomonas aeruginosa endocarditis. 11 Jun 89

Pseudomonas bacteremia in sheep causes a prolonged increase in lung vascular permeability to protein. Isoproterenol and aminophylline could effect lung fluid balance after Pseudomonas by reducing vascular pressures or by blocking release of permeability mediators. We measured vascular pressures, lung lymph flow, and lymph and plasma protein concentrations in unanesthetized sheep under baseline conditions and during steady-state increased permeability after Pseudomonas. Pseudomonas caused pulmonary vascular pressures to rise and lung lymph flow to increase fivefold, but lymph/plasma protein concentration did not change. Pulmonary vascular pressures and lung lymph flow decreased during intravenous infusion of isoproterenol and aminophylline. The decrease in lymph flow after isoproterenol and isoproterenol plus aminophylline was linearly related to the decrease in microvascular pressure (r = 0.71). Lymph/plasma total protein concentration ratios and lymph clearance of proteins with molecular radii 36--96 A remained high during isoproterenol and aminophylline. These drugs can substantially reduce transvascular filtration primarily because they reduce lung vascular pressures.
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PMID:Isoproterenol and aminophylline reduce lung capillary filtration during high permeability. 11 Jul 56

Thirty-eight adult patients with serious pleuropulmonary, soft-tissue, bone, and intra-abdominal infections caused by combinations of aerobic, facultative, and anaerobic bacteria were treated with parenterally given clindamycin phosphate and gentamicin sulfate and surgery when appropriate. Nine had associated bacteremia. In 29, infections failed to respond to other therapeutic regimens, which included penicillins, cephalosporins, aminoglycosides, and chloramphenicol. Results with clindamycin and gentamicin were excellent and were attributed primarily to the activity of clindamycin against anaerobes, particularly Bacteroides fragilis. Serum concentrations of clindamycin surpassed by manyfold the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for anaerobes. Serum concentrations of gentamicin did not consistently surpass the MICs for Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, although those organisms were consistently gentamicinsusceptible by disk diffusion susceptibility tests. Persistent colonization with Enterobacteriaceae, P aeruginosa, enterococci, or Candida were common, and occasionally they were significant in prolonging the clinical courses of patients with extensive infections.
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PMID:Clindamycin and gentamicin for aerobic and anaerobic sepsis. 31 24

Amikacin sulfate was used in 24 treatment courses for 25 serious infections caused by aerobic or facultative anaerobic Gram-negative organisms resistant to numerous drugs. Sites of infection included urinary tract (11 cases), pleuropulmonary (6 cases), primary bacteremia (5 cases), and miscellaneous (3 cases). Serratia marcescens and Pseudomonas sp accounted for 73% of the isolates. The mean minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of these organisms to amikacin was 3.6 microgram/ml; to gentamicin, 39 microgram/ml; and to tobramycin, 32 microgram/ml. The mean peak serum concentration of the drug was 20.8 microgram/ml. Eleven patients were critically ill at the onset of therapy, and seven patients were bacteremic. The overall favorable response rate was 80%. The most serious side effect was ototoxicity, which occurred in three of 15 patients examined by serial audiometry.
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PMID:Amikacin therapy. Use against infections caused by gentamicin- and tobramycin-resistant organisms. 32 50

Antiserum to the core glycolipid of gram-negative bacteria was prepared by immunization of rabbits with vaccine composed of killed cells of the uridine diphosphate galactose-deficient mutant (J5) of Escherichia coli O:111. Antiserum to J5 not only prevented death of animals from endotoxin but also prevented the local and generalized Shwartzman reactions. Antiserum to endotoxin also prevented renal cortical necrosis and disseminated intravascular coagulation during the evolution of the generalized Shwartzman reaction. Antiserum to be J5 mutant was successful in the treatment of overwhelming bacteremia produced by other gram-negative bacteria; in addition to bacteremia cause by coliform organism, antiserum to J5 was dramatically effective in treatment of bacteremia due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa. One injection of rabbit antiserum to J5 improved the survival rate from 15% in controls to 59% in treated animals (P less than 0.002). Active immunization with J5 vaccine was even more effective against pseudomonas bacteremia: such immunization improved the survival rate from 13% in controls to 92% in vaccinated rabbits. Since an antiserum effective against the J5 mutant of E. coli can be prepared safely in human subjects, such immunotherapy should be considered for patients with gram-negative bacteremia.
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PMID:Antibody to cell wall glycolipid of Gram-negative bacteria: induction of immunity to bacteremia and endotoxemia. 33 Jul 76


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