UNIPROT:Q8NEX9 - FACTA Search

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Query: UNIPROT:Q8NEX9 (reductase)
26,410 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Liver microsomal steroid 5-alpha-reduction is catalyzed by a NADPH-dependent enzyme system. The requirement of NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase to shuttle reduction equivalents from NADPH to steroid 5-alpha-reductase was investigated using an inhibitory antibody against NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase. This antibody preparation inhibited cytochrome c reduction in microsomes from female rat liver with an I50 of 0.75 mg antibody/mg of microsomal protein. Benzphetamine N-demethylation and testosterone 6-beta-hydroxylation, two cytochrome P-450-mediated oxidative reactions, were inhibited by the antibody. On the other hand, testosterone 5-alpha-reductase was not affected by the antibody. These results suggest that NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase is not an obligatory component of the liver microsomal steroid 5-alpha-reduction.
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PMID:NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase is not a component of the liver microsomal steroid 5-alpha reductase. 251 18

The induction of the murine hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450 monooxygenase system by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) was studied over a wide range of doses, including those associated with acute toxicity. Studies were conducted in two inbred strains of mice which vary at the Ah receptor and at a number of other genetic loci. C57BL/6J mice possess a high-affinity Ah receptor and are responsive to enzyme inductive effects of TCDD, whereas DBA/2J mice do not possess a high-affinity receptor and are less responsive to TCDD. In a dose-response study, 7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD) activity appeared to be maximally induced in C57BL/6J and DBA/2J mice at 7 days following exposure to 3 and 30 micrograms of TCDD/kg respectively. Very similar results were reported previously for the induction of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity in these strains of mice. However, at higher doses of TCDD (at least 45 micrograms/kg for C57BL/6J and 300 micrograms/kg for DBA/2J), EROD activity was further increased (2-fold) from the apparent maximal (plateau) level, resulting in an unusual biphasic log dose-response relationship. EROD activity remained at these elevated rates in both strains for doses approaching and exceeding the respective LD50 values for each strain. To further characterize this biphasic induction phenomenon, cytochrome P-450 content, benzo[a]pyrene metabolism, and EROD and NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase activities were measured 1, 3 and 7 days after TCDD administration to C57BL/6J (3 and 150 micrograms/kg) and DBA/2J (30 and 600 micrograms/kg) mice. Maximal responses occurred in both strains at 3 days for all doses. In both strains, TCDD produced a dose-dependent increase in cytochrome P-450 content, EROD, and benzo[a]pyrene metabolism. Furthermore, a 2-fold induction of reductase activity was observed in each strain following exposure to the respective high doses. Induction of cytochrome P1-450 and P3-450 was also measured by Western immunoblot, using antisera raised against the homologous rat isozymes. In both strains, TCDD produced a dose-related increase in two protein-staining bands recognized by anti-P-450BNF-B (P1-450) and anti-P-450BNF/ISF-G (P3-450) respectively. The extended induction of hepatic microsomal monooxygenase activities at the respective high doses of TCDD appears to be due, in part, to increases in NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase activity and cytochromes P1-450 and P3-450 content. Significant alterations in the expression of the cytochrome P-450 monooxygenase system following exposure to high doses of TCDD may be associated, in part, with the delayed acute toxicity reported at this level of exposure.
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PMID:Biphasic response for hepatic microsomal enzyme induction by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in C57BL/6J and DBA/2J mice. 251 31

1. In order to elucidate the molecular structure and the distribution of the enzyme in different microsomes, specific antibodies have been developed against rabbit liver NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase. 2. The monoclonal antibody (MAb B1) against rabbit liver reductase cross-reacted well with reductases from various animal species and those from various tissues of the rabbit. 3. NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase from rabbit tissues such as liver, lung, adrenal gland, kidney and polymorphonuclear leukocyte were closely related in structure and antigenic properties, in addition to having similar catalytic properties. 4. No multiple forms of the reductase in the rabbit were observed in liver nor in other tissues.
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PMID:Comparative studies on microsomal NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase using a monoclonal antibody: tissue distribution, specific activity and peptide mapping. 251 81

1. Metabolism of 14C-labelled benzo[a]pyrene (-)trans-7,8-dihydrodiol to protein- and DNA-binding products in a reconstituted enzyme system proceeds 5 to 10 times faster with rabbit cytochrome P-450 LM4 than with LM2. 2. Either cytochrome converts the substrate to ethyl acetate- and water-soluble metabolites, identified by h.p.l.c. Water-soluble metabolites comprise 78% of the total products with cytochrome P-450 LM2, but only 50% of those formed by LM4. The relative proportion of the two types of metabolites is differentially affected by certain modifiers such as 7,8-benzoflavone. 3. Half of the radioactivity in the aqueous phase of reaction mixtures containing cytochrome P-450 LM4 represents (-)trans-7,8-diol metabolites in complex primarily with NADPH and phosphate. The remaining water-soluble products are bound covalently to proteins in the reconstituted system. 4. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, autoradiography, and measurement of the radioactivity in individual bands indicate that a larger fraction of metabolites is bound to cytochrome P-450 LM4 than to NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase, and only marginal binding to cytochrome P-450 LM2 is seen. Metabolite binding to added DNA is likewise substantially greater in magnitude when cytochrome P-450 LM4, as opposed to LM2, catalyses (-)trans-7,8-diol oxygenation. Thus, the degree of metabolite binding to monoxygenase proteins and to DNA correlates well with the catalytic activity of cytochrome P-450 LM4 and LM2 towards (-)trans-7,8-diol. 5. DNA causes a dramatic enhancement in the activity of cytochrome P-450 LM4 with (-)trans-7,8-diol, indicating that the cytochrome and/or the reductase may be functionally impaired by metabolites of this substrate. Such an effect may alter the balance between detoxication and activation of the carcinogenic benzo[a]pyrene.
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PMID:Studies on covalent binding of (-)trans-7,8-dihydroxy-7,8-dihydrobenzo[a]pyrene metabolites to cytochromes P-450 LM2 and LM4 and NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase. 251 65

Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) is a naturally occurring C19-steroid that is found in the peripheral circulation of mammals, including humans. The feeding of DHEA to rodents has been shown to inhibit chemical carcinogenesis in colon, liver, and lung. Therefore, the effect of DHEA on hepatic enzyme activities that are associated with carcinogen metabolism was assessed. Microsomal NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase activity and the content of cytochrome b5 were induced 1.8- and 1.4-fold, respectively, upon feeding male Sprague-Dawley rats a synthetic diet containing 0.45% DHEA (w/w). No significant changes in total content of microsomal cytochrome P-450 or the activities of microsomal NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase and cytosolic or microsomal NAD(P)H-quinone oxidoreductase were noted at day 7 of feeding. Cytosolic glutathione S-transferase activity was decreased to 68% of control activity. Administration of DHEA p.o. or by i.p. injection for 5 days led to the same extent of induction of NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase activity. Maximal induction of this flavoprotein reductase was noted between days 3 and 4 of feeding or at a dose of 80-120 mg/kg i.p. A small but statistically significant increase in total microsomal cytochrome P-450 was observed after DHEA administration i.p. Rats fed DHEA had a slower growth rate compared with rats fed control diet, whereas rats treated with DHEA i.p. had growth rates identical to those of controls. The liver weights of rats given DHEA by p.o. or i.p. routes were increased significantly compared to those of control rats. Pair feeding of rats with DHA-containing or control diets served to demonstrate that the levels of induction of hepatic microsomal NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase and at least one form of cytochrome P450 (P-450IVA1) were the same as those seen in livers of rats fed DHEA ad libitum. This finding suggested that the induction of the flavoprotein and at least one form of the cytochrome was not due to caloric restriction. The increase in NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase content of liver microsomes prepared from rats either fed or treated i.p. with DHEA was also observed by Western blotting techniques. DHEA did not appear to induce any of the major forms of rat liver microsomal cytochrome P-450 that are normally increased by either phenobarbital, beta-naphthoflavone, or dexamethasone pretreatment of rats in vivo. However, the measurement of androstenedione and testosterone metabolism in vitro showed pronounced decreases in the 16 alpha-hydroxylase activities of liver microsomes following DHEA feeding.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Induction of microsomal NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase and cytochrome P-450IVA1 (P-450LA omega) by dehydroepiandrosterone in rats: a possible peroxisomal proliferator. 252 37

The properties and localization of the active center of NADPH-dependent nitroxide radical reduction in rat liver microsomes were investigated with the following five spin-probes as substrates; tetramethylpiperidinol-N-oxyl (TEMPOL) and four spin-labeled stearic acid derivatives with a nitroxide radical at the 5th, 7th, 12th, or 16th position of the hydrocarbon chain (abbreviated as 5SLS, 7SLS, 12SLS, and 16SLS, respectively). The ESR signals of these spin-probes in microsomes decreased on the addition of NADPH, and the decay was inhibited by pretreatment with SKF-525A. Experiments with various microsomal preparations induced by phenobarbital (PB), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB), or 3-methylcholanthrene (3-MC) revealed that the reduction rate was correlated to the concentration of cytochrome P-450 but not to that of NADPH reductase. Thus, the nitroxide radicals of the SLSs and TEMPOL seem to be reduced by the combined action of NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase and cytochrome P-450. The decay showed a lag time, but no distinct correlation was observed between the lag time and the spin-probe species. On the other hand, the initial velocity of the nitroxide reduction depended strongly on the spin-probe species. Among the five spin-probes, 7SLS was reduced most quickly, followed by 5SLS, 12SLS, TEMPOL, and 16SLS in that order. The reduction rate varied from 0.18/min for 7SLS to 0.08/min for 16SLS. There was a linear relation between the cytochrome P-450 content and the reduction rate.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Localization of the active center of nitroxide radical reduction in rat liver microsomes: its relation to cytochrome P-450 and membrane fluidity. 254 35

Strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae deleted in the NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase gene by transplacement are 200-fold more sensitive to ketoconazole, an inhibitor of the cytochrome P450 lanosterol 14 alpha-demethylase. Resistance is restored through complementation by the plasmid-borne wild type gene from either S. cerevisiae or Candida tropicalis. Neither Southern hybridization nor Western immunoblot techniques provided evidence for a second NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase gene, suggesting that an alternate pathway may provide for the functions of this reductase in S. cerevisiae.
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PMID:Disruption of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae gene for NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase causes increased sensitivity to ketoconazole. 254 95

The ability of NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase to interact with iron and generate oxygen radicals was evaluated by assaying for low level chemiluminescence. The basic reaction system which contained the reductase, an NADPH-generating system, ferric-EDTA as an electron acceptor, and t-butyl hydroperoxide as the oxidant acceptor, resulted in the production of chemiluminescence. Omission of any of these components resulted in a complete loss of chemiluminescence. The light emission was completely sensitive to inhibition by glutathione and butylated hydroxytoluene, partially sensitive (about 60% decrease) to catalase and hydroxyl radical scavengers, and relatively insensitive (about 20% decrease) to superoxide dismutase. The ability of other ferric chelates to replace ferric-EDTA in catalyzing the reductase-dependent chemiluminescence was evaluated. Ferric-citrate, -ADP, -ATP, and ferric-ammonium sulfate were ineffective in promoting chemiluminescence, whereas ferric-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid was even more effective than ferric-EDTA. Thus, the ferric chelates, which catalyze reductase-dependent chemiluminescence, are those which are efficient electron acceptors from the reductase and were previously shown to be those capable of catalyzing hydroxyl radical production by microsomes and the reductase. It is suggested that chemiluminescence results from (a) the direct interaction of the reduced iron chelate with the hydroperoxide (Fenton-type of reaction) to generate alkoxyl and peroxyl radicals, and (b) the generation of hydroxyl radicals, which subsequently react with the hydroperoxide to generate secondary radicals. The latter, but not the former, would be sensitive to inhibition by catalase and competitive hydroxyl radical scavengers, whereas both would be sensitive to antioxidants such as butylated hydroxytoluene. Chemiluminescence appears to be a versatile tool for studying the reductase-dependent generation of oxygen radicals and for the interaction of reductase with iron.
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PMID:Chemiluminescence studies on the generation of oxygen radicals from the interaction of NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase with iron. 282 18

2-Dimethylamino-3-chloro-1,4-naphthaquinone (DCNQ) was used to study oxygen and substrate activation in microsomal system. DCNQ was shown to be bound to microsomal cytochrome P-450 as a type I substrate; its N-demethylation was catalyzed by cytochrome P-450. Cytochrome P-450 and NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase are capable of DCNQ reduction to semi- and hydroquinones. The OH-radical formed in the presence of DCNQ, NADPH and reductase was detected, using a spin trap (5,5-dimethylpyrroline-N-oxide). The OH-radical formation was shown to be stimulated by the Fe-EDTA complex. Using the OH-radical scavengers (mannitol, N-butanol, alpha-naphthol) and the catalase inhibitor sodium azide, it was shown that the OH-radical participates in microsomal oxidation of DCNQ and aminopyrine. It was assumed that in the course of microsomal oxidation the reduced DCNQ is responsible for: i) stimulation of molecular oxygen reduction to H2O2; ii) reduction of Fe ions (Fe3+----Fe2+) which cause the decomposition of H2O2 in the Fenton reaction resulting in the formation of a strong oxidizing agent--a hydroxyl radical.
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PMID:[Substrate reduction and oxygen activation during microsomal metabolism of quinones]. 283 Sep 16

In view of conflicting results in the literature regarding the contribution of cytochrome P-450 to hydrogen peroxide production and formation of hydroxyl radicals in the microsomal electron transport chain, experiments were undertaken to evaluate this problem using reconstituted micellar and membranous systems containing NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase and cytochrome P-450 LM2 purified from rabbit liver. It was found that P-450 LM2 increased the rate of NADPH consumption in the vesicular system, reconstituted with microsomal phospholipids, much more than in the micellar system, based on dilauroylphosphatidylcholine (DLPC) under otherwise similar conditions. At small amounts of Fe(III)-EDTA (1-5 microM), the enhanced oxidase activity was manifested in a much higher dependency on P-450 LM2 for the production of hydroxyl radicals, as determined by the oxidation of dimethylsulphoxide (Me2SO) or 2-keto-4-thiomethylbutyric acid (KMBA), in the vesicular than in the micellar system. In the presence of high amounts of Fe(III)-EDTA (10-50 microM), the relative increase due to P-450 LM2 was less pronounced in both types of reconstituted systems, although the increase in absolute terms was about the same as at small Fe(III)-EDTA concentrations. The data indicate that in the presence of no or small amounts of chelated iron in negatively-charged membranous systems, most of the hydrogen peroxide and superoxide anions necessary for generation of hydroxyl radicals, are produced by cytochrome P-450 LM2. This appears to be due to a higher affinity between the reductase and P-450 LM2 in this system. In reconstituted micellar systems or in the presence of high amounts of chelated iron, "uncoupling" at the level of the reductase appears to take place, with a resulting production of hydroxyl radicals and other forms of reactive oxygen species.
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PMID:Cytochrome P-450-dependent oxidase activity and hydroxyl radical production in micellar and membranous types of reconstituted systems. 283 79

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