Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:Q8NEX9 (reductase)
 26,410 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effects of submaxillary gland factor on the thiamine pyrophosphatase, 5-nucleotidase (the markers of Golgi complex), adenosine-triphosphatase, NADPH-tetrazolum reductase and acid phosphatase were studied in the intestinal epithelium of mice. A decreased intensity of histochemical reactions for the markers of Golgi's complex after salivectomy and an increased activity after homogenate injection were confirmed. The reaction intensity to NADPH-tetrazolium reductase, adenosine-triphosphatase and acid phosphatase after salivectomy and after homogenate injection were similar to those of the control mice with sham operations. On the basis of investigations performed, this provides support, that submaxillary glands produce a factor which controls Golgi complex activity and may influence on glycocalyx synthesis.
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PMID:The influence of submaxillary gland factor upon Golgi complex activity in jejunum epithelial cell of mice. 214 22

Small clusters of extra large muscle fibres were identified in hindlimb muscles of neonatal mice (strain C57BL/10ScSn). At two days of age they had a significantly greater cross-sectional area than their normal counterparts (P less than 0.01). Fibre typing methods (NADH-tetrazolium reductase, ATPase and phosphorylase) classified them as 2A fast oxidative glycolytic (FOG fibres). The activity of NADH-tetrazolium reductase and the lysosomal enzymes beta-glucuronidase, acid phosphatase and dipeptidyl peptidase II were all elevated in the large fibres. Microsomal aminopeptidase (mAPP), a membrane-bound enzyme, also showed increased activity. The fibres are probably the mouse equivalent of the Wohlfart B fibres of the human fetus, with which comparison is made.
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PMID:An enzyme histochemical study of large muscle fibres in the neonatal mouse. 225 60

A new cell line DEL, established in vitro, was isolated from a pleural effusion of a boy who died of malignant histiocytosis. Its principal characteristics are: strong positivity with monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to CD25, CD30, CD45R, KiM7, EMA, HLA Cl I and II; constant presence of acid phosphatase, ANAE, alpha-anti-trypsin, alpha-anti-chymotrypsin and NBT reductase activity; rearrangement of the immunoglobulin heavy-chain gene (JH) and a germ-line configuration of the T-chain gene; and finally a translocation between chromosomes 5-6 with a breakpoint in 5q35. The DEL cell line is appropriate for studying the role of the 5q localized c-fms oncogene and of the genes of the mononuclear phagocyte growth factor (CSFI) and of their receptors in the dynamics and etiology of malignant hemopathies associated with a 5q35 breakpoint.
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PMID:DEL cell line: a "malignant histiocytosis" CD30+ t(5;6)(q35;p21) cell line. 230 42

Tissue reactions toward biodegradable poly(L-lactic acid) implants were monitored by studying the activity pattern of seven enzymes as a function of time: alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, alpha-naphthylacetyl esterase, beta-glucuronidase, ATP-ase, NADH-reductase, and lactate dehydrogenase. Cell types were identified by their specific enzyme patterns, their morphology and location. Special attention was paid to the enzyme patterns of macrophages, fibroblasts and polymorphonuclear granulocytes (PMNs), being involved in foreign body reactions or inflammatory responses. One day after implantation, an influx of neutrophilic and eosinophilic granulocytes was observed, coinciding with activity of alkaline phosphatase (PMN's) and beta-glucuronidase (eosinophils). From day 3 on, macrophages containing ATP-ase, acid phosphatase and esterase could be observed. From day 7 on, lactate dehydrogenase, the enzyme normally involved in the conversion of lactic acid, and its coenzyme NADH-reductase were observed in macrophages and fibroblasts. These two enzymes demonstrated more activity than expected on basis of wound-healing reactions upon implantation of a nonbiodegradable, inert biomaterial (as, e.g., Teflon). It is concluded that the biodegradable poly (L-lactic acid) used in these implantation studies is tissue compatible, and evokes a foreign body reaction with minor macrophage and giant cell activity, as observed during this 3-week implantation period. Most enzyme patterns were simply due to a wound-healing reaction. The slightly increased levels of LDH and NADH suggest the release of lactic acid from the implant, and thus confirms the biodegradable nature of this polymer.
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PMID:Enzymatic activity toward poly(L-lactic acid) implants. 232 25

The effects of temperature acclimation of carp upon the hydrocarbon order of intestinal membranes has been determined. A fractionation technique has been developed for the simultaneous purification of brush-border and basolateral membrane fractions from the intestinal mucosa. The specific activity of alkaline phosphatase in the brush-border fraction was enhanced 6.4-fold over that of the initial homogenate, whilst the (Na(+)-K+)-stimulated ATPase was enhanced 5.8-fold in the basolateral fraction. The specific activities of NADPH-cytochrome-c reductase, succinate-cytochrome-c reductase and acid phosphatase were not increased in these two fractions. Membrane hydrocarbon order in membranes from 10 and 30 degrees C-acclimated carp has been compared by measuring the steady-state fluorescence polarization of 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene over a range of temperatures. In the brush-border fraction, polarization was identical in both cold- and warm-acclimated groups, whilst large differences were observed in the basolateral fraction sufficient to offset approx. 75% of the temperature-induced ordering effects of cold. The fatty acid composition of the major phosphoglyceride fractions in the brush-border fraction was also largely unaffected by thermal acclimation, whilst the basolateral fraction showed significant increases in the proportion of unsaturated fatty acids in the cold. It is concluded that whilst the basolateral membrane of intestinal mucosa displays a large homoeoviscous response that correlates with a shift in lipid composition, the brush-border membrane does not. These findings are consistent with evidence of functional adaptations of the basolateral membrane during thermal acclimation (Gibson, J.S., Ellory, J.C. and Cossins, A.R. (1985) J. Exp. Biol. 114, 355-364).
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PMID:Temperature adaptation of biological membranes: differential homoeoviscous responses in brush-border and basolateral membranes of carp intestinal mucosa. 237 86

An average of 20 X 10(6) nucleated cells were obtained from 1 g tissue of human benign prostatic hyperplasia by mechanical separation technique. Of these cells, 96.2% showed acid phosphatase activity and this was 10 times higher than the remaining stromal fraction on a protein base. The total activity of 5 alpha-reductase was 81 times higher in stroma than epithelium and the total activity of 3(beta)-oxidoreductase was 29 times higher in stroma. Androgen receptor amount measured in total tissue, epithelium and stroma were 100, 29 and 62 fmol R1881/mg DNA, respectively. These results suggest that androgen metabolism takes place mainly in the stroma of human BPH tissue, and that BPH is probably the disease of prostatic stroma.
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PMID:[Androgen receptor and 5 alpha-reductase activity in the epithelium and the stroma of human benign prostatic hyperplasia]. 241 45

3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (EC 1.1.1.34), the major rate-limiting enzyme of cholesterogenesis, was studied in epithelial cells isolated in a villus to crypt gradient from chick duodenum, jejunum and ileum, in order to resolve the apparent controversy that exists on the anatomical localization of sterol synthesis in the intestine. Consistent separation was demonstrated by using the marker enzymes alkaline phosphatase, specific to the villus cells, and thymidine kinase, specific to the crypt cells. No relative difference in stability was observed, as shown by the equal distribution of acid phosphatase. Cells were 90-95 per cent viable. The highest specific activity of reductase was located in the microsomal fraction (41 per cent of the total). The mitochondria had lower specific activity (8 per cent of the total). The distribution of reductase activity in epithelial cells of the villus-crypt axis was also studied. The specific activity in each cell fraction from chick duodenum was clearly lower than that in jejunum and ileum. The jejunal and ileal crypt regions showed lower specific activity than the villus cells. About 70 per cent of total reductase activity was found in cells from the upper and the mid villus fraction in each intestinal segment.
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PMID:Distribution of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase in isolated villus and crypt cells of chick duodenum, jejunum and ileum. 250 6

Although the primary and direct action of the bile acid sequestrants is to bind bile acids in the gut, their interruption of the enterohepatic recirculation of bile acids has important effects on hepatic lipoprotein metabolism. Three key enzyme systems are affected: phosphatidic acid phosphatase, cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase, and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG CoA) reductase. Activation of phosphatidic acid phosphatase promotes hepatic triglyceride (TG) synthesis, induces secretion of TG-rich, very low density lipoprotein particles, and consequently, increases plasma TG levels. The activation of hepatic cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase promotes the conversion of intracellular cholesterol to bile acids. The decrease in intracellular cholesterol stores, in turn, increases low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor expression on hepatocyte surface membranes and, consequently, receptor-mediated fractional catabolism of LDL. Reduction of intracellular cholesterol may also increase the synthesis of cholesterol through activation of HMG CoA reductase. The potential loss of the sequestrant's cholesterol-lowering efficacy can be overcome by adding a drug to the regimen that inhibits HMG CoA reductase. Finally, bile acid sequestrants promote apoprotein AI synthesis by an unknown mechanism and tend to raise high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels, primarily by increasing plasma HDL-2 concentrations.
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PMID:Mechanism of action of bile acid sequestrants and other lipid-lowering drugs. 271 76

To elucidate the phenotypic expression of proliferating prostatic cells, rats were castrated, and the regenerating process of involuted ventral prostates during testosterone propionate (TP) administration was investigated by examining morphology, [5-125I]iododeoxyuridine (125I-UdR) uptake, DNA content, weight, acid phosphatase, and delta 4-steroid 5 alpha-reductase (5 alpha-reductase) activities. Morphologically, TP treatment initially increased the number of epithelial cells lining glandular lobules and subsequently restored the shape of epithelial cells. 125I-UdR uptake peaked on Day 3 of TP treatment and stayed at higher levels than for uncastrated controls until Day 14 of treatment. Prostatic weight, protein content, acid phosphatase, and DNA content returned to uncastrated control levels by Day 14 of TP treatment. TP administration markedly stimulated prostatic 5 alpha-reductase activity, which peaked on the Day 5 of treatment and decreased to uncastrated control levels by Day 14 of treatment. It is concluded that TP administration to castrated rats initially induced active mitotic division of the remaining stem cells, followed by formation of differentiated functional epithelial cells. Prostatic 5 alpha-reductase was highly active at the initial phase of active mitotic cell division. The major portion of the increased enzyme activity can be regarded as a phenotypic expression of stem or transient cells of prostatic epithelium.
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PMID:Relationship of changing delta 4-steroid 5 alpha-reductase activity to [125I]iododeoxyuridine uptake during regeneration of involuted rat prostates. 275 76

In a histological and histochemical study of multiple biopsies of unaffected segments of the bowel from 15 patients with Hirschsprung's Disease (H.D.), the AChE or non-specific esterase and the NADPH tetrazolium reductase enzyme reactions proved to be useful in identification of myenteric plexus islands; and acid phosphatase for the delineation of individual neurones. In the affected segment (usually aganglionic), this myenteric plexus tissue was not reactive for esterase, but individual nerve fibres among muscle fibres of the two muscle coats showed the enzyme product in a third of the cases. Fine structural study of biopsies from a typical case of H.D., showed normal looking axons and Schwann cytoplasm with terminals bearing both andrenergic and cholinergic vesicles in the unaffected colon, smooth muscle fibres with normal fine structure in all parts of the bowel, and loss of neurons with myenteric plexus replaced by nerve fibre groups in the affected rectosigmoid. One patient clinically presenting as a case of severe H.D., with histologically and histochemically normal myenteric and submucous ganglion cells, and not responding to resection of the bowel, showed degeneration of the unmyelinated axons with prominent Schwann cytoplasm, depleted cholinergic but persistent adrenergic vesicles, and markedly thinned and degenerating smooth muscle fibres and myofilaments, suggesting either a primary disorder of muscle tissue of the colon or, less likely, a denervation atrophy with secondary degeneration of the smooth muscle fibres.
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PMID:Light and electronmicroscopy of the bowel in an unusual form of Hirschsprung's disease. 280 52


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