Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:Q8IXL6 (RNS)
 1,091 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Reflexes evoked by applying non-painful taps to an incisor tooth were recorded from the jaw closing masseter and temporal muscles of 21 human subjects. A series of inhibitory, excitatory, inhibitory and excitatory waves (the 'Q, R, S and T' waves of the post-stimulus electromyographic complex (PSEC)) occurred in full-wave rectified and averaged electromyograms. Conditioning by remote noxious stimulation (RNS; application of 3 degrees C water to a hand) usually produced increases in activity at the Q-R and S-T transitions of the PSEC (at mean latencies of 24 and 54 ms respectively), which resulted principally from a shortening of the inhibitory Q and S waves. Changes in the amplitudes of the excitatory R and T waves were also found. The effects of RNS were quantified by integrating records of the difference between conditioned and control PSECs. The RNS-induced effect on the entire PSEC was significantly (P < 0.01) greater when the reflexes were evoked by applying hard (7.4 mN.s) as opposed to soft (3.4 mN.s) taps to the tooth. However the ratio between the effects on the ST and QR segments did not differ significantly between these two intensities of tap stimuli. RNS-induced sensations of pain and increases in systemic arterial blood pressure were not correlated with the RNS-induced effects on the different segments of the PSEC. The results suggest that RNS may affect particularly those elements of the PSEC evoked by higher threshold afferents and that the effects are mediated by mechanisms acting directly at the brainstem level and are not secondary to pain or autonomic responses.
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PMID:Effects of remote noxious stimulation on exteroceptive reflexes in human jaw-closing muscles. 883 60

Successive inhibitory, excitatory, inhibitory and excitatory reflexes (the Q, R, S and T waves of the post-stimulus electromyographic complex (PSEC)), evoked by applying non-painful taps to an incisor tooth, were recorded from the jaw-closing muscles of 15 subjects. The effects on these reflexes of the subjects undertaking mental exercises (MEx) in the form of arithmetic calculations were compared with those of remote noxious stimulation (RNS; application of 3 degrees C to a hand). This was done to investigate whether the previously established effects of RNS were likely to be related to a change in the subject's mental state and/or to direct nociceptive mechanisms. Both MEx and RNS caused increases in EMG activity around the Q-R and S-T transitions of the PSEC, which resulted principally from shortenings of the inhibitory Q and S waves. Reducing the intensity of the tap stimuli, which mimicked condition-induced disinhibition, caused shortenings of the inhibitory waves at latencies similar to the shortenings induced by MEx or RNS. The magnitude of the RNS-induced effect on the ST segment of the PSEC was greater (P<0.01) than that on the QR segment. By contrast, MEx induced similar effects on both segments. Regression analyses were performed for the relationship between condition-induced changes in amplitude of the excitatory waves and their control amplitudes. These analyses were performed to reveal any condition-induced inhibition or facilitation of the tap-induced influences on the motoneurons. Overall, the evidence suggested that: (1) mental exercise induced a similar degree of inhibition of the two tap-induced inhibitory jaw reflexes and a facilitation of the excitatory ones, and (2) remote noxious stimulation induced an inhibition of the second tap-induced inhibitory reflex which was greater than that of the first one, and an inhibition of the first excitatory reflex. Thus, although factors related to altered mental activity could play a role in the modulation of jaw reflexes by RNS, the differences between the effects of MEx and RNS suggest that alternative or complementary mechanisms are also likely to be involved.
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PMID:Mechanisms underlying the effects of remote noxious stimulation and mental activities on exteroceptive jaw reflexes in man. 1066 24