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Query: UNIPROT:Q86TM3 (cage)
 29,987 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

MR images of the fingers are obtained in a 128 x 128 or 256 x 256 matrix format using a prototype of a mini imager dedicated to the hand. The vertical field of 0.1 T is provided by an electro-magnet with an air gap of 15 cm equipped with a single solenoidal coil. No Faraday cage is used. The maximum in plane pixel resolution of 100 mu is obtained for a field of view of 2.5 cm with a slice thickness of 2 mm. The identification of fine structures of the finger is demonstrated by the anatomical and histological correlations. This type of imager which is adapted to very limited field of views demonstrate that high resolution MRI of limb extremities can be achieved at 0.1 T.
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PMID:High resolution MRI of the normal finger at 0.1 T: anatomic correlations. 129 Jan 51

In this paper we describe the development and the early results of an MRI system designed specifically for imaging of the hand and wrist. The imager takes up little space, uses a small 0.1 Tesla water-cooled electro-magnet with a vertical magnetic field and a 15 cm air gap. The system is based on a PC micro-computer and an integrated image processing board. There is no need for a Faraday cage. The image resolution is less than 1 mm using a 128 x 128 matrix format for a typical slice thickness of 3 mm. It is possible to achieve a 0.2 mm per pixel spatial resolution when imaging the fingers.
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PMID:MRI of hand and wrist with a dedicated low field mini imager: preliminary report. 138 13

Respiratory motion must be overcome if MRI of the abdomen, even at the lowest resolution, is to be performed satisfactorily. A simple and reliable respiratory gating device, based on the interruption of an infrared (IR) optical beam is described. This device has the advantage that gating is based on the position of the chest as opposed to its velocity, and that it can be used without degrading the radiofrequency isolation of a Faraday cage. Its use in animal MRI is illustrated by high resolution (200 microns) images of in vivo rat liver and kidney.
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PMID:A simple device for respiratory gating for the MRI of laboratory animals. 837 45

A five-year-old girl had been noted, since birth to have abdominal distension. There was no history of twinning or teratoma in the family. Physical examination discovered a 15 x 10 cm mass in the abdomen. Roentgenologic examination demonstrated the presence of an axial skeleton and long bones within the mass. MRI showed a retroperitoneal mass with components of cystic, bony and fatty tissues. When the mass was surgically removed from the retroperitoneal cavity, pathologic examination disclosed a parasitic fetus measuring 15.3 x 6.3 x 6.0 cm in size and suspended by a peduncle within a capsule. The fetus was covered with skin, sebaceous materials and black hair. There were bilateral and symmetric upper extremities with a flapper-like, deformed hand. No obvious genital organ was noted. Dissection of the midline, revealed a vertebral column with spinal cord. An atrophic skull bone containing cephalized glial tissue was noted. A thoracic cavity and scapular bone were found in the thoracic cage; however, no heart was noted. Gastrointestinal tract and kidney-like organs were seen within the abdominal cavity. Microscopically, there were glial tissues within the skull bone, spinal cord and vertebra. The upper extremities revealed two long bones surrounded by myxomatous and fibrous tissue. A well developed intestine and an ovary containing follicles with nearby lympy nodes were seen. The capsule showed fibrous tissue with calcification and hairs. It was distinguished from the teratoma by the presence of a vertebral axis and by an appropriate arrangement of other organs or limbs with respect to the axis, and corresponding to the generally recognized diagnostic criteria of fetus in fetu.
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PMID:[Fetus in fetu: report of a single case]. 837 72

The birdcage resonator, well appreciated for its high signal-to-noise ratio and its magnetic field uniformity characteristics, operates efficiently in mid- to high-field MRI systems but, unfortunately not for low-field (< 0.4 T) applications. The inherently low inductance of the birdcage architecture is the main obstacle to achieving low-frequency resonance because of the need to use very high-value capacitors for the tuning. Small-case-size, high-value ceramic capacitors are known to have high dissipation factors which when used in the fabrication of RF coils could result in poor efficiency. To overcome this limitation, a novel technique known as multilayer self-capacitance (MLSC) construction has been developed and a prototype 2.5 MHz bird-cage resonator of length 25 cm and diameter 20 cm has been built. The technique involves the modification of the leg sections of the conductors constituting the bird cage into integrated capacitors using very low-loss materials as dielectrics. The observed unloaded Q-factor was 267 using the MLSC construction, and when loaded with a 16-cm-diameter bottle of 0.45% saline, its Q dropped to 246. The RF field uniformity plots have demonstrated that the MLSC technique has no adverse effects on the magnetic field homogeneity of the bird-cage resonator.
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PMID:An efficient birdcage resonator at 2.5 MHz using a novel multilayer self-capacitance construction technique. 874 35

A theoretical framework is presented for designing birdcage resonators for MRI and MR spectroscopy. The analogy between the birdcage problem and the phonon problem in solid-state physics is used to achieve multiple tuning. Allowing that the capacitances in the columns of the cage assume unequal values, it is possible to achieve multiple tuning and simultaneously preserve the sinusoidal current distribution necessary to set a homogeneous magnetic field. Given the physical dimensions of the columns and branches of the cage as well as the desired resonant frequencies, the corresponding values of the capacitances can be calculated exactly. Closed-form expressions for the capacitances are given in terms of the mutual inductances and the desired resonant frequencies. A detailed analysis for a symmetrical low-pass birdcage is presented. The expressions for the resonant frequencies reduce to those given by other authors when only nearest-neighbor mutual inductances are included.
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PMID:Multiple tuning of birdcage resonators. 900 Nov 49

BAK-C is a new autostabilizing interbody cage which is implanted during an anterior cervical procedure to provide stability to the motion segment and allow fusion to occur. Special instrumentation is provided with a bone collecting reamer. The system utilizes surgical site bone graft as the osteo-inductive material within the implant. Biomechanical testing indicates improved stability and animal studies show good fusion. The basic principle is distraction-compression using the tension forces of the annulus fibrosus. Operative material concerns a two years experience with 80 patients (101 levels), 72 with cervical radiculopathy, 8 with myelopathy. Clinical evaluation is assessed on a ten point analogue pain scale for neck and arm/shoulder pain, with neurological examination. Radiological evaluation includes dynamic X-rays, myelo-CT and MRI. Patients are re-evaluated at 1, 6, 12 months postoperatively. Results for neck and radicular pain is excellent, but neurological recovery for radiculopathy and myelopathy is quite different. Radiological results are also good with (except one case) no instability, no cage migration, no kyphosis, no pseudarthrosis. Bone fusion is assessed at 6 and 12 months. Complications are few with proper technique, mainly correct distraction, symmetrical endplate drilling and lateral X-ray control. Only one patient needed an early re-operation with additional miniplate fixation. Immediate stability with good clinical response and no graft morbidity are the advantages of this implant compared to conventional cervical interbody grafting techniques.
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PMID:Anterior interbody fusion with the BAK-cage in cervical spondylosis. 952

Basis of the modern shoulder implants is the Neer II-system, a non constrained total shoulder prosthesis with conforming radii of curvature and improved protection against dislocation. The second generation of shoulder prosthesis is based on the geometric shaft design of the Neer II prosthesis and offers not only a variety of modular head- and shaft-sizes but also through different radii a physiologic rotation-translation-mechanism. The third generation of humeral head prosthesis carries the concept of an anatomic reconstruction one step further and enables the surgeon to adjust the inclination and the eccentric offset of the humeral head to restore the centre of rotation. The latest development in shoulder arthroplasty are humeral head prosthesis with a fully variable 3-dimensional modularity to independently adjust the prosthetic head position regardless of the individual shaft geometry. This achieves a 3-dimensional adaptability of the prosthetic head about the stem axis in the coronary and in the sagittal plane. Besides of the humeral shaft prosthesis an alternative concept of shoulder joint replacement is established - the replacement of the humeral head articular surface. A hemispheric surface prosthesis - cup arthroplasty - is cemented onto the residual humeral head, which eliminates the obligatory humeral head resection and the reaming of the medullary canal. Bipolar shoulder prosthesis are humeral shaft prosthesis with a bi-rotational head system. Their indication is limited to pre-existing lesions of the rotator cuff and/or the glenoid surface. The inverse total shoulder prosthesis reverses the articular surface morphology of the humeral head and the glenoid. The hemispheric glenoid component serves as the centre of rotation for the concave epiphyseal proximal humerus component. This implant is especially used in cases of massive rotator cuff deficiencies. The role of shoulder prosthesis in treating acute humeral head fractures needs special consideration. A fracture prosthesis has to restore the exact length of the humerus, the centre of rotation, and the anatomical retroversion. Positioning of the tubercula and their adequate osteosynthesis is most critical and fundamental to ensure a correct healing process. A failed consolidation of the tubercula does not lead to a satisfying result. The shoulder joint replacement can be sufficiently fixated in cemented, cementless or hybrid techniques. Today several component design variations of cemented glenoid implants exist. Their main distinction is the fixation system which can be divided into two main groups - the keel - and the peg-shaped glenoid components. The peg-shaped anchorage system shall guarantee a greater stability against shear-forces. Cementless glenoid components consist of a polyethylene inlay and a surface treated metal-back with an integrated fixation system. These fixation systems are object of intensive biomechanical research and range from conventional screw fixation to specialised cone systems and self-cutting cage-screw-systems. The critical area of cementless glenoid components is the transition zone of the PE-inlay and the metal-back because of high force development. The question of implanting a hemi- or total shoulder prosthesis is answered by the morphologic changes of the glenoid articular surface, which includes the size of the subchondral defect and the underlying etiology of the shoulder joint disease, and the age of the patient. Preoperative planning must consist of an adequate radiologic work-up - X-ray, CT or MRI - to accurately assess the glenoid morphology. G. Walch categorised the different glenoid lesions and developed a very important classification of possible glenoid deformations. To compare and evaluate the operative results one must consider the different shoulder prosthesis and the discrepancies between a hemi- and a total shoulder prosthetic replacement. Looking at the loosening and survival rate of the implant the results are
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PMID:[Current status and perspectives of shoulder replacement]. 1050 58

A 29-year-old male complaining of fever and general fatigue was admitted to our hospital. On admission chest X-ray showed infiltrative shadows with cavities in the bilateral lung apical areas, and sputum examination for acid fast bacilli was smear positive, Gaffky 1. He was treated as pulmonary tuberculosis (TB), and chest X-ray findings and sputum examination improved after a few months of treatment with antituberculous chemotherapy (INH, RFP, EB, PZA). However, tuberculous cold abscess appeared in retropharyngeal area, subcutaneous tissue of thoracic cage and retroperitoneal space, and shortly later, bone and joint TB were recognized in shoulder and wrist joints and vertebrae. The findings of vertebral foci were not recognized by a simple X-ray picture of vertebrae. at that time, but MRI of vertebrae showed low intensity areas with ring enhancement in the cervical, thoracic and lumbar vertebrae. Despite treatment with antituberculous agents, new bone and joint TB had developed in many tissues and had accompanied with cold abscess in adjacent tissue, whereas pulmonary TB had improved after the initial transient worsening. The appearance of bone and joint TB was most probably caused by the initial transient worsening of hidden bone and joint TB as a part of the initial systemic transient worsening of tuberculosis. After treatment for 4 months, pulmonary TB as well as bone and joints TB had improved. Tuberculous cold abscess in retropharyngeal may be secondary to cervical vertebral TB but is now rarely seen. In this case, involvement in many tissues such as retropharyngeal area, subcutaneous tissue of thoracic cage and retroperitoneal space were seen, and these findings are now uncommon and usually represents involvement secondary to contiguous infection.
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PMID:[A case of pulmonary tuberculosis complicated with multiple bone and joint tuberculosis]. 1091 88

In this study, a method is proposed for MRI of the lumen of metallic vascular implants, like stents or vena cava filters. The method is based on the reduction of artifacts caused by flow, susceptibility, and RF eddy currents. Whereas both flow artifacts and susceptibility artifacts are well understood and documented, RF artifacts are not. Therefore, the present study comprises an in-depth theoretical explanation of the factors governing the severity of these RF artifacts. It is explained that the RF caging inside cage-like implants is caused by disturbances of the send and receive sensitivities due to coupling between the loops in the implant and the MR scanner's send and receive coils. A scaled excitation angle model describing the behavior of the signal intensity inside the implants as a function of the applied nominal excitation angle is introduced. This theoretical model was validated in phantom experiments. Reduced signal from within implants due to the caging problem could be restored by increasing the applied RF power in the excitation pulse, without exceeding the generally accepted SAR safety limits. The method was tested in vitro and in vivo in a pig model and allowed adequate depiction of the interior of a nitinol stent and that of a vena cava filter in contrast-enhanced MR angiograms. Magn Reson Med 47:171-180, 2002.
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PMID:Improved lumen visualization in metallic vascular implants by reducing RF artifacts. 1175 56


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