Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:Q86TM3 (cage)
 29,987 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Aplysia gonad lectin (AGL), which strongly agglutinates cancer cells, was found, in the present study, to bind to erythrocyte T antigen, in addition to its affinity to Ii system antigens. These antigens were reported to be overexpressed and to contribute to tumor progression and invasion. In healthy human sera, there are antibodies against them, stimulated by the normal intestinal microflora, which bear similar glycoforms. Since the levels of these antibodies were reported to be lower in most cancer patients' sera, we have examined the applicability of AGL to isolation of enteric commensal Escherichia coli strains which bear glycoforms cross-reacting with the cancer-associated antigens. Among 30 E. coli isolates examined, two were agglutinated by AGL. One of them was also agglutinated by certain related galactophilic lectins, which bind to the T and Tn antigens. The agglutination of the two bacteria by healthy human sera, as a group, was stronger than that displayed by the cancer patients' sera. These results indicate that AGL might be useful for identification of the desired bacteria, which could potentially serve for cancer diagnosis and therapy.
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PMID:Usage of Aplysia lectin interactions with T antigen and poly-N-acetyllactosamine for screening of E. coli strains which bear glycoforms cross-reacting with cancer-associated antigens. 1133 44

California sea hares (Aplysia californica) were reared from the late juvenile period (approximately day 100 posthatch) to senescence in a laboratory study of growth and maturation at different stocking densities. Temperature, light, and food were controlled, and other seawater parameters such as O2 concentration, pH, and salinity, although not controlled, were optimized by the flow-through design of seawater through the cages. Stocking densities evaluated were 1, 2, 5, 10, 15, and 20 animals per 16-liter cage. Food availability is likely to be a limiting factor to growth in wild populations of A. californica, but in our experiments, algal diet was ad libitum at all densities and presumably was not a controlling factor. The animals maintained at each of the various densities grew at different rates but reached sexual maturity (defined as the age at the appearance of the first egg mass) at approximately the same age, 204 +/- 4 days (mean +/- standard error), for densities higher than 2 animals per cage. Age at sexual maturity for 2 animals per cage was 274 days. Growth rates were highest in cages with the lowest stocking densities and lowest in high-density cages, ranging from 3.72 g live weight/day in animals housed individually to 1.06 g live weight/day for those housed 20 per cage during the period 100 to 200 days of age. Growth differed significantly among the various stocking densities beginning at 9 weeks of growth (age, 167 to 174 days). In summary, we show that stocking density has an important influence on growth and is a key factor for consistently rearing Aplysia as an animal model under hatchery conditions.
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PMID:The effect of stocking density on growth rate and maturation time in laboratory-reared california sea hares. 1245 54

Although the California sea hare (Aplysia californica) is well known from neurobiological studies and is raised in the laboratory for this purpose, the life history of this species in the laboratory is less well studied. Therefore we conducted a study of the reproductive period of hatchery-born and -raised A. californica in which sibling animals were reared at stocking densities of 2, 5, 10, 15, and 20 animals per 16-liter cage. Temperature was controlled at 13 to 15 degrees, and the photoperiod was a 14:10-h light:dark cycle. Seawater O2 concentration, pH, and salinity were optimized by seawater flow through the animal cages. Compared with scheduled feedings, an ad libitum algal diet produced early sexual maturity. Despite different growth rates at different animal densities per cage, the age at first sexual maturity (defined as the first egg mass) did not differ significantly among the different densities and averaged 210 +/- 15 days of age. Although there was no difference in the total spawn weight per cage as a function of animal density from 2 to 20 animals per cage, the number of spawning episodes per animal decreased as the cage density increased. The average weight of spawn per animal over its reproductive lifetime decreased as cage density increased. When expressed per day of reproductive maturity, spawn weight per animal decreased as the cage density increased. Finally, larger animals produced more eggs during the 10 spawns at the peak of the spawning period. The largest animals corresponded to the cages containing the fewest animals. Stocking densities between 2 and 20 per cage had little influence on time to maturity and on average number of days of reproductive life. However, stocking density (and thus animal size) strongly influenced so-called lifetime fecundity.
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PMID:Reproductive output in the hatchery-reared california sea hare at different stocking densities. 1451 May 22

We conducted a hatchery growth study to describe the variability in growth rates, spawning, and mortality of Aplysia californica in regard to rearing temperature. Animals were housed at a standard hatchery density of five animals per cage, at temperatures of 13, 15, 18, and 21 degrees Celsius. Animals reared at 13 or 15 degrees C grew as much as four times as large, lived twice as long, matured later, and spawned longer than did animals reared at 18 or 21 degrees C. At age 170 to 205 days the fastest growth rates occurred at 18 and 21 degrees C, and the slowest at 13 degrees C. As animals at 18 and 21 degrees C reached sexual maturity at ages 190 to 197 days, or approximately 60% through their lifespans, their growth rates slowed such that by age 260 days, the fastest growth rate was at 13 degrees C, and the slowest was at 21 degrees C. Animals reared at 13 and 15 degrees C reached sexual maturity at 242 and 208 days, respectively, or at approximately 40% of their life spans. Lifespan and maximum average animal weight were significantly inversely correlated with temperature (P </= 0.0001). However, there were no significant differences at any temperature in the age at which maximum animal weight was reached when this age was expressed as a percentage of the life span: animals reached their maximum weight at approximately 80% of their life span. Aging rate was highest for animals reared at 21 degrees C, while the mortality rate doubling time was lowest at this temperature. This would be expected for the accelerated lifecycle observed at higher temperatures.
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PMID:Temperature effects on growth, maturation, and lifespan of the california sea hare (Aplysia californica). 1593 21

Aplydactone is a brominated sesquiterpene isolated from the sea hare Aplysia dactylomela. Structurally, it features a complex cage-like skeleton containing a highly strained tricyclic-[4.2.0.03,8]-4-decanone system. Its unique structural features have fascinated many synthetic chemists. In this review, the synthetic efforts towards aplydactone in the last five years are summarized in two categories including nonbiomimetic synthesis and biomimetic synthesis based on the core synthetic strategy. These syntheses set a classical and instructive example for the syntheses of other marine natural products.
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PMID:Recent progress in the total synthesis of marine brominated sesquiterpene aplydactone. 3196 56