Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UNIPROT:Q86TM3 (cage)
 29,987 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Tuberoinfundibular peptide of 39 residues (TIP39)-immunoreactive (IR) neurons are present in the medial subdivision of the parvocellular subparafascicular thalamic nucleus (mSPFp) where ejaculation-specific Fos expression is localized. The mSPFp is reciprocally connected to the medial preoptic area (MPOA), bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) and the medial nucleus of the amygdala (Me), all of which are critical for the regulation of male sexual behavior. The mSPFp also receives galanin and enkephalin containing projections from a region in the lumbar spinal cord, thought to be a central ejaculation center. Therefore, we hypothesized that TIP39 neurons in the mSPFp may be part of the neuronal circuitry activated by male sexual behavior. To test this hypothesis, we examined induction of Fos in TIP39 containing neurons in the mSPFp following male sexual behavior. Mating-induced Fos expression was evaluated in sexually experienced male rats under four experimental conditions: animals that (1) remained in their home cage without any interaction with females, (2) interacted with stimulus females and displayed intromission without ejaculation, (3) displayed one ejaculation, or (4) displayed 2 ejaculations. We found that Fos was induced in TIP39-IR neurons in the mSPFp in male rats following ejaculation but much less so following intromission without ejaculation. This suggests that TIP39-IR neurons in the mSPFp are part of the afferent circuits that process genital-somatosensory information related to ejaculation, and which contribute to mating and mating-induced changes in reproductive behavior.
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PMID:Neurons containing tuberoinfundibular peptide of 39 residues are activated following male sexual behavior. 1705 9

Nursing has important physiological and psychological consequences on mothers during the postpartum period. Tuberoinfundibular peptide of 39 residues (TIP39) may contribute to its effects on prolactin release and maternal motivation. Since TIP39-containing fibers and the receptor for TIP39, the parathyroid hormone 2 receptor (PTH2 receptor) are abundant in the arcuate nucleus and the medial preoptic area, we antagonized TIP39 action locally to reveal its actions. Mediobasal hypothalamic injection of a virus encoding an antagonist of the PTH2 receptor markedly decreased basal serum prolactin levels and the suckling-induced prolactin release. In contrast, injecting this virus into the preoptic area had no effect on prolactin levels, but did dampen maternal motivation, judged by reduced time in a pup-associated cage during a place preference test. In support of an effect of TIP39 on maternal motivation, we observed that TIP39 containing fibers and terminals had the same distribution within the preoptic area as neurons expressing Fos in response to suckling. Furthermore, TIP39 terminals closely apposed the plasma membrane of 82% of Fos-ir neurons. Retrograde tracer injected into the arcuate nucleus and the medial preoptic area labeled TIP39 neurons in the posterior intralaminar complex of the thalamus (PIL), indicating that these cells but not other groups of TIP39 neurons project to these hypothalamic regions. We also found that TIP39 mRNA levels in the PIL markedly increased around parturition and remained elevated throughout the lactation period, demonstrating the availability of the peptide in postpartum mothers. Furthermore, suckling, but not pup exposure without physical contact, increased Fos expression by PIL TIP39 neurons. These results indicate that suckling activates TIP39 neurons in the PIL that affect prolactin release and maternal motivation via projections to the arcuate nucleus and the preoptic area, respectively.
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PMID:Thalamic neuropeptide mediating the effects of nursing on lactation and maternal motivation. 2409 75