Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:Q86TM3 (cage)
 29,987 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

150 males imprisoned for drunken driving were assessed by means of a questionnaire and medical examination. The objectives were to study alcohol consumption and frequency of alcohol-related problems. Half of the assessed persons were less than 30 years of age. 62% had a blood alcohol concentration > 1.50%. 36% had previously been convicted for drunken driving. Average alcohol consumption was 58 gram per day. 40% of the convicted persons reported a consumption of more than 40 gram alcohol per day. Corrected for under-reporting the consumption was even higher. The CAGE questionnaire was positive in 54%, indicating an alcohol-related problem. GGT (gamma-glutamyltransferase) was elevated in 23% and CDT (carbohydrate deficient transferrin) in 35%. This study indicates that 50-60% of convicted drunken drivers were excessive drinkers or/and had alcohol-related problems. Imprisonment and fines seem to have a limited impact on occurrence of drunken driving. Other strategies are discussed.
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PMID:[Alcohol consumption among convicted drivers]. 146 98

In the US, about 11% to 20% of patients presenting to general medical clinics are diagnosed as suffering from alcohol abuse or dependence. Alcohol screening in primary care settings, whether in the US or Singapore, can utilise various strategies for the early detection of alcohol problems. This paper briefly reviews several self-reports and screening procedures to assist general practitioners in identifying problem drinkers. The use of CAGE questionnaire, MAST, and its variation, SAAST and the AUDIT, are discussed and evaluated. Likewise, useful biochemical markers of excessive alcohol consumption like the liver enzymes (AST, ALT, GGT), MCV, CDT are described. They can be combined with each other to improve validity or used in conjunction with self-report screening tests for more accurate detection of problem drinkers. In particular, use of the AUDIT for routine screening of alcohol problems in primary care settings is recommended. Selective administration to those with at least two drinks per setting can overcome time constraints. Alternatively, sequential screening utilising the TRAUMA questionnaire with frequency and quantity questions administered to higher frequency drinkers can circumvent concerns about direct questioning. Use of self-reports and when possible, biochemical screening for alcohol problems should be a standard part of primary care practice.
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PMID:What you need to know: detecting alcohol problems in general medical practice. 955 5

It is well-known that early diagnosis in addiction leads to a better outcome and prevents psychosocial and medical illness and disability as well as costs. It would be important to have a gold standard for the diagnosis for alcoholism because of the consequences of this diagnosis for both the patient and the physician. In the last 15 years there were world-wide efforts to find biological markers for alcoholism and alcohol abuse. The results, however, were rather poor. With the exception of the relatively new and expensive CDT TEST (Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin) and some changes in established questionnaires (shortenings) we have used the same screening tests for decades. The relationship between the patient and the physician, a detailed medical history and experience of the physician cannot be replaced by tests. The Plinius Major Society recommends in its Guidelines the CAGE questionnaire. In medical settings and in primary care the MALT or AUDIT are more informative. As laboratory markers the Plinius Major Society still recommends: gamma-GT, MCV, GOT/GPT (ASAT/ALAT) and CDT. These tests are only useful if normal values of the particular laboratory are given.
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PMID:[Markers for excessive alcohol use (screening)]. 1080 74

Chronic alcohol abuse is of significant clinical and economic relevance. A major part of internal medical pathology is associated with chronic alcoholism. 50% of all accidents with subsequent traumatic injuries are related to alcohol intake. Patients who are chronic alcohol abusers have prolonged hospital stays and substantial increases in postoperative morbidity. A sophisticated diagnosis of alcoholism within standard clinical routine is often difficult, and in most cases the treatment of alcohol-related diseases and complications is protracted and requires increased energy expenditure by the treating physicians. In surgical patients, chronic alcohol abuse is associated with a 3- to 4-fold risk of infections, sepsis, cardiac and bleeding complications. Therefore, the patients themselves, along with the general practitioner and an in-hospital interdisciplinary team should cooperate in medical and operative treatment in order to attain better clinical outcome. Each patient history should include a detailed assessment of the quantity of daily alcohol intake. Alcoholic diagnostic regimens including questionnaires (i.e. CAGE, AUDIT) in combination with specific laboratory markers (CDT, GGT, MCV), if implemented, could prove valuable, especially in cases where major surgical procedures are considered. Strict abstinence by alcoholic patients with organ pathology in medical and elective surgical settings as well as the prophylactic treatment of pre-operative alcohol withdrawal appear to be useful strategies to reduce the risk of complications. Short-term interventions are associated with reduced alcohol intake and decreased incidence of re-trauma. Considering the clinical relevance of alcohol abuse, sufficient screening, interventions, and open approaches to address alcohol problems should be important components of the daily clinical routine in outpatient clinics, emergency rooms, in GPs' offices and in general hospitals.
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PMID:[The alcoholic patient in the daily routine]. 1460 33

The alcohol misuse is associated with a wide range of medical and social problems. This is why it is very important to detect early-stages alcohol misuse. The early detection and the diagnosis of chronic alcohol consumption require simple to use, relevant tools. Alcoholisation behaviours are classified according to 5 categories: no use, use, and three types of misuse, at risk drinking, abuse or harmful drinking, and dependence. This screening of early-stage alcohol misuse is at first based on the clinical interview with the patient. It evaluates the alcohol consumption reported by the patient, specially the number of drinking days, the number of drinks per drinking day, the lapses, the type of alcoholic drinks, the way of drinking, and the events that influence it. Screening questionnaires can be usefull: CAGE and especially AUDIT. They can be used as auto-questionnaires. Three biological markers can be helpful to detect chronic alcohol consumption: GGT, MCV and CDT.
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PMID:[Classification, detection and diagnosis of chronic alcohol disorders]. 1683 1

A not moderate alcohol consumption or its abuse have relevant consequences not only on the health of the general population but also on the possibility to carry out any work in safety conditions. These behaviours have focused the attention of the institutions, which have promoted in the last years a growing number of preventive and informative actions and have adopted specific laws that have significantly involved the figure of occupational physician. Over the clinical implications, in fact, those behaviours, in the employment context, are associated with an increased risk of injuries (from 10 to 30% of total), an increase in the number of absences from work, with greater precariousness, with the possible interaction and/or strengthening of other occupational toxics and with the progressive reduction of working capacity. Diagnostic tools available for the detection of alcohol abuse or dependency consist, in acute cases by direct measuring of alcohol on blood, saliva and exhaled air, while in the chronic situations in addiction to the more traditional indicators (AST, ALT, GGT, MCV) there are recently introduced marker (CDT)--or in validation (ethyl glucuronide)--that representing, also with specific questionnaires (AUDIT, MAST, MALT, CAGE), useful integrated tools in the clinical-diagnostic path. The role and contribution of occupational medicine in the management of alcohol related problems is vital and relevant. Must be clear however that these are problems associated with a particular behaviour of the person and not with risks present on work-site.
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PMID:[Acute and chronic alcohol abuse and work]. 1928 91

Alcohol-use-disorders (AUDs) afflict 1-3% of elderly subjects. The CAGE, SMAST-G, and AUDIT are the most common and validated questionnaires used to identify AUDs in the elderly, and some laboratory markers of alcohol abuse (AST, GGT, MCV, and CDT) may also be helpful. In particular, the sensitivity of MCV or GGT in detecting alcohol misuse is higher in older than in younger populations. The incidence of medical and neurological complications during alcohol withdrawal syndrome in elderly alcoholics is higher than in younger alcoholics. Chronic alcohol abuse is associated with tissue damage to several organs. Namely, an increased level of blood pressure is more frequent in the elderly than in younger adults, and a greater vulnerability to the onset of alcoholic liver disease, and an increasing risk of breast cancer in menopausal women have been described. In addition, the prevalence of dementia in elderly alcoholics is almost 5 times higher than in non-alcoholic elderly individuals, approximately 25% of elderly patients with dementia also present AUDs, and almost 20% of individuals aged 65 and over with a diagnosis of depression have a co-occurring AUD. Moreover, prevention of drinking relapse in older alcoholics is, in some cases, better than in younger patients; indeed, more than 20% of treated elderly alcohol-dependent patients remain abstinent after 4 years. Considering that the incidence of AUDs in the elderly is fairly high, and AUDs in the elderly are still underestimated, more studies in the fields of epidemiology, prevention and pharmacological and psychotherapeutic treatment of AUDs in the elderly are warranted.
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PMID:Alcohol use disorders in the elderly: a brief overview from epidemiology to treatment options. 2257 56