Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UNIPROT:Q86TM3 (cage)
 29,987 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The present study was designed to investigate the relationship between activity stress, alcohol consumption and ulcer proliferation. Ethanol consuming rats were initially divided into low, medium or high ethanol preferring groups on the basis of daily ethanol intake (g/kg/day). Following a habituation period in activity cages, animals were fed for 1 hr per day. Access to both water and ethanol remained ad lib. Yoked control home cage animals were fed the same amount of food consumed by their wheel-housed partners. This procedure continued until wheel-housed animals died, at which time they and their yoked home cage control partners were examined for ulcers. Results indicated that in contrast to the yoked controls, only the high ethanol-preferring rats reduced their ethanol consumption. Although no differences were apparent in ulcer frequency (mean number of ulcers per rat) or severity (mean cumulative ulcer length in millimeters), animals exposed to ethanol had a lower ulcer incidence (number of rats per group developing ulcers) and mortality rate than non-ethanol exposed animals.
 ...
PMID:Activity stress effects on voluntary ethanol consumption, mortality and ulcer development in rats. 371 79

A novel forced-air ventilation system for rodent cages was developed. The apparatus was operated at an air flow rate of 56 L/min when used with a 230 mm wide X 450 mm long X 165 mm deep cage. Air velocity measurements in the cage did not exceed 8 m/min at animal (rat) height. The average NH3 concentration in a cage which housed two 250 g rats was less than 0.3 ppm at the end of the third day, whereas the concentration measured in a cage without the forced-air ventilation system was 150 ppm after 3 days. Tests of the water content of soiled bedding showed the forced-air ventilation system to provide a much drier environment for the rodents.
 ...
PMID:A forced-air ventilation system for rodent cages. 405 45

The effect of housing conditions and the presence of a conspecific on corticoadrenal response to a novel environment was studied in male Sprague-Dawley rats. The response to a novel environment was the same in rats housed in groups and rats housed alone for 20 days before testing, suggesting that isolation during adulthood did not affect corticoadrenal response to a novel environment. The presence of a nonfamiliar rat (proceeding from another home cage) did not modify corticoadrenal response to the novel environment but the presence of a rat proceeding from the same home cage induced a higher corticoadrenal response to this stressful stimuli. These results can be explained considering that rats exhibit greater emotional reactivity, as measured by adrenal function, in situations which combine familiar (the other rat) and novel (the box) elements than those completely unfamiliar.
 ...
PMID:The effect of conspecifics on corticoadrenal response of rats to a novel environment. 668 16

In rats given methamphetamine (MAPT, 10 mg/kg i.p.) 24 hrs--48 hrs after the long term-administration of reserpine (RE), we have previously found such "bizarre-biting behaviour" as persistent and bloody biting activity at their own legs and tails or those of their cage mates. The present investigation examined the effect of a blockade of the dopamine receptor in the brain on MAPT-induced "bizarre-biting behaviour" and hypermotility of RE-pretreated rats. Male albino Wistar rats aged 4 weeks were injected intraperitoneally with RE (1.25 mg/kg) or 0.9% saline solution (1.25 ml/kg) every two days for 13 days. Twenty-three hrs after the last injection, rats received chlorpromazine (CP, 150 micrograms, 250 micrograms, 625 micrograms, or 1 mg/rat) intracerebrally by Valzelli's method; and 1 hr later, MAPT (10 mg/kg i.p.) was injected. MAPT-induced hypermotility was potentiated in the RE-pretreated rats, but it was suppressed dose-dependently by CP. Stereotyped licking and biting activities of saline-pretreated rats were completely suppressed by CP at each dose given, however, the "bizarre-biting behaviour" of RE-pretreated rats was inhibited by CP only at high doses (625 micrograms or 1 mg/rat). It is suggested that the MAPT-induced hypermotility of RE-pretreated rats is mediated by activation of dopamine receptor while their "bizarre-biting behaviour" is partially related to it.
 ...
PMID:["Methamphetamine-stereotypy and hypermotility" in rats chronically treated with reserpine--the effect of intracerebral injection of chlorpromazine]. 689 Sep 28

The effects of hexachlorobenzene (HCB) on the ability of male rats to adapt to a crowded environment were investigated. Eighty male rats were individually housed (1000 cm2 floor space per rat) and given either feed containing 250 ppm HCB or control feed. After 4 w, half of the rats from each diet group were transferred to smaller cages with four rats per cage (100 cm2 floor space per rat). After 1, 2, 4, 7, and 10 d, four rats each from the four treatment groups were sacrificed and organs removed for analysis. The HCB diet alone had no effect on the body weight of the rats. Crowding resulted in severe loss of body weight, an effect that was potentiated by the HCB diet. The HCB diet resulted in increased liver and kidney weight but had no effect on brain weight. Livers and kidneys of crowded rats weighed less than those of singly housed rats. Rats fed HCB then crowded had higher tissue residues of HCB and higher mortality than rats given HCB and not crowded or rats crowded but not given HCB.
 ...
PMID:Interaction of environmental stress and hexachlorobenzene in the laboratory rat. 732 10

Sepsis/septic shock and multiple organ failure are important causes of morbidity and mortality. Our objective was to study sepsis and organ failure in a fluid-resuscitated septic model. Males S-D rats were anesthetized with halothane, the jugular vein catheterized, and CLP performed. Each rat was maintained in a metabolism cage on continuous intravenous fluid (3 mL/rat). Urine rate and [creatinine]urine were measured daily. At day 5, serum creatinine with chemistry profile, complete blood count, clotting times, and wet lung/body weight ratios were also measured. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was measured according to the principle of endogenous creatinine clearance. GFR was correlated with the product of urine rate x [creatinine]urine (R = .79), so that product was used as a daily indicator of GFR. Urine output remained > or = normal during sepsis. Heparin and antithrombin III were tested in this model. The model was associated with 40% mortality, a 60% reduction in platelet count, liver damage, a 75% reduction in renal function, muscle damage, and a normal wet lung/body weight ratio. Treatment with heparin/antithrombin III ameliorated the decrease in GFR (p < .05) observed in the nontreated animals, prevented the septic-induced thrombocytopenia (p < .05), and improved survival (p = .05).
 ...
PMID:The efficacy of heparin and antithrombin III in fluid-resuscitated cecal ligation and puncture. 774 74

The effect of exercise on blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) was investigated assuming a mechanism involving calcium-dependent dopamine synthesis in the brain. Male SHR (13 weeks of age) were forced to run for 1 h at a speed of 10 m/min using a programmed motor-driven wheel cage. Systolic blood pressure was reduced after running, and this effect of exercise was decreased by prior intracerebroventricular administration of EDTA (1 nmol/rat), alpha-methyltyrosine (inhibitor of tyrosine hydroxylase, 1 mg/rat), sulpiride (D2 receptor antagonist, 50 microg/rat) or eticlopride (D2 receptor antagonist, 100 microg/rat), but was not changed by administration of SCH 23390 (D1 receptor antagonist, 30 microg/rat). Also, the calcium levels in the serum and brain were increased by exercise. Combining these results with our previous reports, it is suggested that exercise leads to an increase in the serum calcium level and subsequently an increase in the brain calcium level. This, in turn, leads to increased brain dopamine synthesis through a calmodulin-dependent system, with the increased dopamine levels inhibiting sympathetic nerve activity via the dopamine D2 receptor in the brain and causing a reduction in blood pressure.
 ...
PMID:Rectifying effect of exercise on hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats via a calcium-dependent dopamine synthesizing system in the brain. 1009 21

To assess whether peripheral changes related to skin temperature rise were induced by ovarian hormone deficiency, we investigated the effects of anaesthesia on calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)- or luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH)-induced elevation of skin temperature in female rats. CGRP was used as an inducer of peripherally-mediated elevation of skin temperature, whereas LH-RH was used as an inducer of centrally-mediated elevation of skin temperature. Intravenous (i.v.) but not intracerebroventricular injection of CGRP (10 microg kg(-1)) or intracerebroventricular but not intravenous injection of LH-RH (10 microg/rat) elevated the skin temperature of unanaesthetized rats restrained in a Ballman's cage. The elevation with LH-RH was completely inhibited by urethane anaesthesia, whereas the elevation with CGRP was not. These results suggested that changes in skin temperature measured under anaesthesia reflected a peripherally rather than a centrally mediated mechanism. The CGRP (1.0-30 microg kg(-1), i.v.)-induced elevation of skin temperature was potentiated in ovariectomized rats and inhibited by pretreatment with a CGRP receptor antagonist CGRP(8-37) (1000 microg kg(-1), i.v.), suggesting that the potentiation may participate in peripheral factors such as a postsynaptic hypersensitivity to CGRP following ovarian hormone deficiency. Thus, measurement of skin temperature in the anaesthetized rat was a useful procedure to seek the peripheral mechanism of potentiation of skin temperature induced by CGRP, thought to be closely related to menopausal hot flashes.
 ...
PMID:Significance of measured elevation of skin temperature induced by calcitonin gene-related peptide in anaesthetized rats. 1471 66

Genetic predisposition and psychosocial stress are known risk factors in the aetiology of hypertension. The aim of this study was to investigate the as yet unknown role of nitric oxide (NO) in mechanisms of social stress-induced hypertension in rats with a family history of hypertension. Male adult rats used in the study were offspring of normotensive (Wistar) dams and spontaneously hypertensive sires. The rats were exposed to 6-week crowding stress (5 rats/cage, 200 cm2/rat). Control rats were kept four per cage (480 cm2/rat). Blood pressure was determined non-invasively on the tail. Basal blood pressure of all rats was 131 +/- 2 mm Hg. Crowding stress increased significantly blood pressure (p < 0.02 vs. basal value). Crowding had no influence on NO synthase activity in the left ventricle, adrenal glands and kidney. However, crowding stress reduced significantly NO synthase activity in the aorta by 37% (p < 0.01 vs. control). Acetylcholine-induced relaxation and noradrenaline-induced vasoconstriction of the femoral artery were reduced in stressed rats by 58% (p < 0.001) and 41% (p < 0.003), respectively. On balance then, the results indicate that chronic social stress produced by crowding was associated with reduced vascular NO synthesis and altered vascular function in adult borderline hypertensive rats of normotensive mothers.
 ...
PMID:Effect of chronic social stress on nitric oxide synthesis and vascular function in rats with family history of hypertension. 1625 77

Stress strongly alters the physiology and behavior of some individuals, while others are little or not affected. The causes of this individual variability have remained unknown. Here, we hypothesize that epigenetically induced levels of trait anxiety predict the stress response of individual mice in a genetically homogeneous population. Inbred C57BL/6 male mice were selected for their latency to freely enter from their home cage into an unfamiliar arena and classified as having high or low levels of trait anxiety. Mice were then exposed to acute stress (1-h olfactory contact with a rat) or control conditions. After 24 h, acute stress enhanced state anxiety measured in the elevated-plus maze test only in mice previously classified as having high levels of trait anxiety. This anxiogenic effect of acute stress was paralleled by enhanced novelty-induced plasma corticosterone secretion and increased messenger RNA (mRNA) expression for glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid receptors in the hippocampus. No effects of acute stress were observed in mice classified as having low levels of trait anxiety. Under unstressed control conditions, mice only differed in basal levels of hippocampal mRNA for the glucocorticoid receptor, which were higher in mice with high trait anxiety than in mice with low trait anxiety. In summary, inbred C57BL/6 mice display a remarkably high interindividual variability in their trait anxiety that predicts the behavioral and neuroendocrine response to an acute stressor, indicating that expression of extremely different coping strategies can develop also between genetically identical individuals.
 ...
PMID:Individual variability in the stress response of C57BL/6J male mice correlates with trait anxiety. 1768 Aug 3


1 2 Next >>