Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:Q86TM3 (cage)
 29,987 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

From 1967 through 1974, a consecutive series of 35 patients with flail chest were treated with intermittent positive-pressure breathing (IPPB). The controlled ventilation contributed to stabilization of the thoracic cage in a favorable position for healing of the fractures. Surgical stabilization of the chest was not attempted in any of the cases. During treatment with IPPB, one patient died from profuse bleeding due to a generalized coagulation disorder, but the remaining 34 were discharged in a satisfactory respiratory condition. A late follow-up study of the pulmonary function one to eight years after the trauma included x-ray films of the trachea and lungs, kymographic studies of the diaphragm, spirometric and radiospirometric testing, and arterial blood gas levels. Eighteen patients were examined. Spirometric testing revealed astonishingly little impairment of the total pulmonary function. The radiospirometric studies with 133xenon showed a significant reduction of the regional perfusion only in five patients (2 to 4.5 pulmonary segments). Kymographic study of the diaphragm gave no further information and was less selective compared with the other tests of pulmonary function. Owing to the encouraging early and late results in this study, early treatment with IPPB is considered to be the method of choice in flail chest with paradoxic respiratory movements.
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PMID:Early and late results of controlled ventilation in flail chest. 37 31

The localization of myosin was studied in rat neuronal and glial cell maintained in primary culture, using the double antibody immunofluorescent method. Antibodies were raised against myosin purified from bovine adrenal medulla. Myosin-specific immunoreactivity was found in the cell body and neurites of neuronal cells and in the cytoplasm of glial cells. In the former no typical substructure was observable, whilst in the latter myosin-rich filaments were found forming either a cage entrapping the nucleus or as long cables in cellular morphogenic expansions.
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PMID:Immunofluorescent localization of microfilaments in neuronal and glial primary cell cultures with antibody against adrenal medullary myosin. 37 14

In 1960 direct laryngoscopy in combination with general anaesthesia with relaxation and intermittent positive negative pressure ventilation via a smallbore blocker tube was introduced. When, in 1965, microlaryngoscopy was developed it was exclusively performed with this technique. Since 1960, 44, 464 ear, nose or throat operations were carried out. 3,305 (7.4%) were endolaryngeal operations. 943 of them were performed in surface analgesia. 2,363 microlaryngoscopic operations were done under general anaesthesia. 22.5 per cent of the patients were women and 77.5 per cent were men. Their age varied between 6 weeks and 86 years. 2.4 per cent were children under 6 years of age and 33 per cent were aged over 60 years. The main advantages of this method over "open laryngeal surgery" are: 1. it provides a large measure of safety for the patient since even old and obese persons with a rigid rib cage can be adequately ventilated; the cuff prevents aspiration; there is no danger of the patient waking up during relaxation since he is being kept ventilated with a mixture of nitrous oxide-oxygen and halothane. Ventilation via the blocker tube begins immediately after intubation and not, as in open jet ventilation, after insertion of the laryngoscope. 2. The surgeon and his team are not exposed to the risk of infection since, in contrast to the "open larynx" methods, the closed system effectively prevents the escape of pathogenic micro-organisms.
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PMID:[Development of anaesthetic technique for endolaryngeal surgery 1960--1976 (author's transl)]. 37 44

This review begins with James Olds' discovery that self-stimulation at various brain sites can be influenced by food intake or androgen treatment. It then describes our research designed to reveal the functional significance of self-stimulation. The evidence suggests that lateral hypothalamic self-stimulation is controlled by many of the same factors that control feeding. We believe this control is exerted by at least two neural mechanisms. One is the classical, medial hypothalamic satiety system. Another is an adrenergic system ascending from the midbrain to the lateral hypothalamus. Damage to either one can disinhibit self-stimulation and feeding, thus contributing to obesity. Some of our studies use rats with two electrodes, one that induces feeding and one that induces mating. There are two response levers in the test cage, one for self-stimulation and one for escape from automatic stimulation. With the feeding electrode, rats self-stimulated less and escaped more after a meal than before. The same shift occurred after an anorectic dose of insulin or the commercial appetite suppressant phenylpropanolamine. With the sex electrode the shift from reward to aversion occurred after ejaculation. The review ends with credit to James Olds for pioneering this line of research into the neuropsychology of reinforcement.
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PMID:Hypothalamic self-stimulation and stimulation escape in relation to feeding and mating. 38 51

The disease status of laboratory rodents should be clinically assessed before the animals are placed on toxicological bioassay programs. This is especially important when the stress of dietary or parenteral intake of toxic substances may trigger the clinical onset of latent diseases in research animals. In clinical evaluation of rodents, the environmental influence on biochemical, physiological and behavioral status of the animals must be continually monitored. Temperature, humidity, ventilation, lighting, and the microenvironment of the cage will all influence, independently or in consort, the response of the animal to various microbial or chemical insults. Unwanted variables in the diet can also markedly after the biological response of the animal and thus alter interpretation of experimental data. Adequately trained personnel, both professional and technical, must be available to provide daily care, clinical observation, and necessary treatment if signs of illness are noted in the laboratory rodent or bioassay experimentation. Clinical signs associated with commonly encountered diseases in laboratory rodents are briefly described. Clinical surveillance and assessment of rodents in part consists of recognition of and detailed recording of clinical signs, coupled with proper diagnostic resources to substantiate clinical observations. It is possible, with proper diagnosis, to evaluate the overall effect of a particular disease on the animal's health, the likelihood that the disease is jeopardizing the health of the other animals on test, and the effect of the disorder on interpretation of experimental results.
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PMID:Clinical assessment of laboratory rodents on long term bioassay studies. 39 83

Earlier reports from these laboratories described a procedure for determining vaginal drug absorption in the rabbit based upon a perfusion system, and data on the vaginal absorption of the straight-chain aliphatic alcohols and carboxylic acids were given. These studies have been extended to the rhesus monkey. Rib-cage-type cells were designed for intravaginal insertion through the vulval orifice and to fit the specific dimensions of the monkey vagina. The general design of the cell was similar to that used in the rabbit vaginal absorption studies. The persusion system was checked by using 3H-polyethylene glycol 4000, and no significant leaks from the cell were found. The absorption of the alcohols followed first-order kinetics. The computed apparent permeability coefficients for the alcohols were of comparable magnitude to those previously reported for the rabbit vaginal membrane.
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PMID:Vaginal drug absorption in rhesus monkeys I: development of methodology. 40 67

Two factorial experiments (brain status x environment x drug) were designed to measure the effects of methamphetamine and enriched experience on recovery after bilateral cortical lesions. Fisher male rats were operated or sham operated when 30 days old and thereafter raised in either an enriched (EC) or impoverished (IC) condition while daily injected with either methampheteamine (2 mg/kg) or saline. In EC, 12 rats lived together in a large cage with stimulus objects that were changed daily. In IC, a rat was kept alone in a small cage. The animals' performance was measured on a standard series of problems in a Hebb-Williams maze. The animals' scores were impaired by removal of tissue from the occipital cortex. Enriched experience, on the contrary, helped significantly in overcoming, at least partially, the effects of brain damage on problem-solving behavior regardless of whether this experience was given, for 2 h per day over a 60-day period (Expt. 1), or for 2 h per day over only a 30-day period (EXPT. 2). No drug effect was found in any of these experiments.
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PMID:[Effects of methamphetamine and enriched experience on behavioral recovery after brain damage (author's transl)]. 40 43

The effect of immobility on the biomechanical properties of an anterior cruciate bone-ligament-bone unit of rhesus monkey is reported. Wild primates were used and the captivity time was minimized to lessen disuse changes from cage confinement. The ligament-bone specimens were tested in tension to failure under high strain-rate conditions. After 8-weeks total-body plaster immobilization of the primate, the ligament units showed significant decreases in maximum failure load and energy absorbed to failure (39 per cent and 32 per cent respectively). A dramatic change in ligament load-elongation behavior occurred. There was a statistically significant decrease in stiffness (slope of the load-deformation curve) of the ligament unit which may also be expressed as an increase in ligament compliance (elongation per unit load). The change in mechanical properties following immobility indicated a significant alteration in the projected functional capacity of the ligament unit to resist loading and to resist elongation; factors which relate directly to the ligament's ability to provide joint stability. The mechanisms of failure of the ligament unit, where an increase in osseous avulsion fractures occurred after immobilization correlated with histological changes of bone resorption in the cortex immediately beneath the ligament insertion site. Ultimate failure occurred in many, but not in all specimens, through the weakened bone. This emphasizes the potential for such effects in clinical conditions characterized by reduced bone mass. Alterations in the strength of the cortical bone may affect the integrity of ligament units as a whole. The effect of immobility on ligament units about the knee depended on histological characteristics of the ligament-bone attachment. The anterior cruciate ligament-bond junction, through zones of fibrocartilage, was little affected. In contrast, the tibial insertion of the superficial tibial collateral ligament, directely into bone in relation to the periosteum without well-defined zones of catilage, showed marked interruption after immobility due to bone resorption in the subperiosteal and outer cortical regions. In places the ligament was attached only to the overlying periosteum. In a second and third group of animals, the long-term effects of disuse were investigated. After 5 months' resumed activity following total-body-immobilization, there was only partial recovery in ligament strength although ligament stiffness and compliance parameters had returned to control values. It required up to 12 months for the complete recovery of ligament strength parameters.
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PMID:Functional properties of knee ligaments and alterations induced by immobilization: a correlative biomechanical and histological study in primates. 40 10

Collections of D. melanogaster from Japanese populations were analyzed for enzyme and chromosomal polymorphisms. Allelic frequencies at the Adh and alphaGpd loci were compared with polymorphic inversion (In(2L)B, In(2R)C) frequencies in the second chromosome. There was a significant positive correlation between the frequencies of AdhS and In(2L)B, caused by linkage. On the other hand, inversion-free cage populations maintained in the laboratory for a long time showed considerably larger variation in the frequencies of these enzyme alleles, which seem very likely to be a consequence of random drift. Two fitness components of these enzyme and chromosomal variants were measured in two different environmental conditions; neither of the two loci showed heterozygote superiority in viability or productivity, while the inversion heterozygotes showed a superior productivity compared to the corresponding homozygotes in the fluctuating environment. These findings are compatible with the hypothesis that polymorphic isozyme genes are maintained by random drift of neutral genes in natural populations, and that association with linked inversions is a historical accident.
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PMID:Enzyme and chromosome polymorphisms in Japanese natural populations of Drosophila melanogaster. 40 74

PCB translocation from soil into a plant through its roots was investigated by a method of culture of soybean sprouts on sand contaminated with Aroclor 1242 or 1254. A preliminary culture was carried out on clean sand in a cage with small holes in the bottom and then followed by a main culture on contaminated sand after the preliminary culture cage was placed upon a box filled with the contaminated sand. Consequently, roots of soybean sprouts were allowed to penetrate through the holes at the botton of the upper cage into the contaminated sand. Rates of transference of PCBs were found to be different among chlorobiphenyl isomers; low chlorobiphenyls were much more preferentially absorbed by sprouts that were the high chlorobiphenyls. This seemed to depend mostly on different water solubilities of the isomers and probably not on selective absorption of the isomers by sprouts. The usefulness of the method employed of the two-steps sprout culture on doubly layered soil, in investigations of translocation mechanisms of toxic chemicals in a soil-plant ecosystem, is also discussed.
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PMID:Translocation of polychlorobiphenyls in soil into plants: a study by a method of culture of soybean sprouts. 40 32


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