Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:Q86TM3 (cage)
 29,987 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Behavioral development was studied in 2 groups of rats during the postweaning period. Pups were selected from litters nursed by dams fed either a standard protein (25% casein by weight) or a low protein diet (12% casein) during lactation. Two pups from each litter were housed together and fed the control diet throughout rehabilitation. Behavioral observations were made by repeated time-lapse photography at 5-day intervals. Differences in home cage behavior were observed at the onset of rehabilitation in the postnatally malnourished rats. Increased feeding behavior was observed during the 1st week of rehabilitation. Locomotor behavior was depressed during the rehabilitation period in the experimental animals. Climbing activity, however, was significantly greater. Self-grooming activity was elevated throughout rehabilitation in post-natally malnourished animals. During the course of rehabilitation, the behavioral differences between the 2 groups gradually disappeared.
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PMID:Early protein malnutrition in the rat: behavioral changes during rehabilitation. 83 55

1. Rats were fed the "basic regional diet" (BRD) utilized by some human populations in northeastern Brazil, which contains only 7.8% protein (mainly from beans), to produce a form of malnutrition. The effects of chronic malnutrition on nerve impulse conduction velocity was studied in the sciatic nerve of young (121-143 days) and old (420-540 days) rats. 2. BRD rats presented a 50% reduction in sciatic nerve conduction velocity compared to controls fed a diet containing 22% casein. 3. Rats chronically fed a commercially available diet (CD group) containing an intermediate level of protein (14%) presented conduction velocities intermediate between values obtained from control and BRD rats (62% to 76% of the control values). 4. The conduction velocities of animals belonging to the same nutritional group were independent of sex, body weight or age. 5. Nutritional restriction imposed only in adult life by increasing the number of rats per cage in the casein group did not have any effect on the conduction velocity of nerve impulses. 6. The severity of the effects observed in the malnourished rats may be related to the quantity and quality of protein in the diet. In this respect, the present data agree with those reported in the literature on human and animal experiments. 7. The present results justify the use of the foods ingested by malnourished human populations for the development of experimental animal models of malnutrition.
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PMID:Sciatic nerve conduction velocity of malnourished rats fed the human "basic regional diet" of the northeast of Brazil. 313 12

The cancer-associated antigens Ca 125 and Ca 19-9 were demonstrated by radioimmunoassay to form structural units of a mucus glycoprotein in human milk taken from healthy women four days after parturition. The glycoprotein precipitated with the casein fraction at pH 4.6 and was completely absent in the whey as judged from Ca 19-9 assay. It could be effectively enriched by phenol-saline extraction from soluble milk proteins and further purified by gel filtration on Sephacryl S300 and Sephacryl S400. The active component with a bouyant density of 1.41 g/ml in isopycnic density gradient centrifugation (CsCl) shared common physico-chemical and chemical characteristics of mucus glycoproteins. Carbohydrates representing about 68% by weight were conjugated to protein by alkali-labile linkages, exclusively and were essentially free of D-mannose. Activities of Ca 125 and Ca 19-9 were both destroyed by treatment with periodate, mild alkali or neuraminidase suggesting the antigens are sialylated saccharides bound to protein by alkali-labile linkages. The fraction of monosialylated saccharide alditols isolated after reductive beta-elimination from the mucus glycoprotein was shown to inhibit monoclonal antibodies anti-(Ca 125) and anti-(Ca 19-9) in radioimmunoassay.
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PMID:Ca 125 and Ca 19-9: two cancer-associated sialylsaccharide antigens on a mucus glycoprotein from human milk. 392 59

The effects of prenatal cocaine exposure and protein malnutrition on orientation to home nest material was assessed in rat pups. Sprague-Dawley dams were fed a diet of low protein content (6% casein), and isocaloric diet of adequate protein content (25% casein, control), or a laboratory chow diet prior to mating and throughout pregnancy. Within each diet group, rats received either cocaine injections (30 mg/kg IP 2 times per week prior to mating and the 30 mg/kg SC daily from day 3 to 18 of pregnancy) or saline injections. All litters were fostered on the day of birth to control mothers fed an adequate diet. On postnatal days 7, 9, and 11, a single pup from each litter (n = 11-15 per treatment) was tested repeatedly in a clean test cage for the rapidity of approach, and level of attraction to their own home (nest) bedding compared with fresh bedding. Prenatal malnutrition and prenatal cocaine exposure each gave rise to independent effects on performance, based upon factor analysis. Prenatal malnutrition, but not prenatal cocaine increased the time taken for rat pups to approach their nest bedding, reduced the time spent on this bedding, decreased the number of entries into the sector containing the home bedding and reduced pup weight. Prenatal cocaine, but not prenatal malnutrition, produced a reduction in activity, but had no effect on pup weight. The lower activity level was most pronounced on postnatal day 7. Surprisingly, interactive effects of prenatal cocaine and prenatal malnutrition were not observed on any behavior examined. Nevertheless, the co-existence of drug addiction and malnutrition in human populations raises the possibility that some of the effects generally attributed to drug exposure may, in fact, be due to malnutrition.
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PMID:Differential effects of prenatal protein malnutrition and prenatal cocaine on a test of homing behavior in rat pups. 887 84

A link between prenatal malnutrition and hypertension in human populations has recently been proposed. Rat models of prenatal malnutrition have provided major support for this theory on the basis of tail-cuff measurements. However, this technique requires restraint and elevated temperature, both potential sources of stress. To determine the effect of prenatal protein malnutrition on blood pressure under nonstress conditions, 24-hour radiotelemetric measurements were taken in the home cage. Male rats born to dams fed a 6% casein diet for 5 weeks before mating and throughout pregnancy were studied in early adulthood (from 96 days of age). During the waking phase of their cycle but not the sleep phase, prenatal malnutrition gave rise to small but significant elevations of diastolic blood pressure and heart rate compared with well-nourished controls. Direct effects of stress on blood pressure responses were determined in a second experiment using an olfactory stressor. Prenatally malnourished rats showed a greater increase in both systolic and diastolic pressures compared with well-nourished controls during the first exposure to ammonia. A different pattern of change of cardiovascular responses was also observed during subsequent presentations of the stressor. These findings of a small baseline increase in diastolic pressure consequent to prenatal malnutrition, but an augmented elevation of both systolic and diastolic pressures after first exposure to stress, suggest the need to reevaluate interpretation of the large elevations in blood pressure previously observed in malnourished animals using the stressful tail-cuff procedure.
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PMID:Prenatal malnutrition-induced changes in blood pressure: dissociation of stress and nonstress responses using radiotelemetry. 967 46

Epidemiological studies suggest that high intake of dietary fat is a risk factor for the development of clinical prostate cancer. Soy protein has also been proposed to play a role in the prevention of prostate cancer, and one of the isoflavones in soy protein, genistein, inhibits the growth of human prostate cancer cell lines in vitro. This study was designed to evaluate whether altering dietary fat, soy protein, and isoflavone content affects the growth rate of a human androgen-sensitive prostate cancer cell line (LNCaP) grown in severe-combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice. SCID mice were randomized into four dietary groups: high-fat (42.0 kcal%) + casein, high-fat (42.0 kcal%) + soy protein + isoflavone extract, low-fat (12.0 kcal%) + casein, and low-fat (12.0 kcal%) + soy protein + isoflavone extract. After two weeks on these diets, the mice were injected subcutaneously with 1 x 10(5) LNCaP tumor cells and placed in separate cages (1 mouse/cage) to strictly control caloric intake. Isocaloric diets were given 3 days/wk, and tumor sizes were measured once per week. The tumor growth rates were slightly reduced in the group that received the low-fat + soy protein + isoflavone extract diet compared with the other groups combined (p < 0.05). In addition, the final tumor weights were reduced by 15% in the group that received the low-fat + soy protein + isoflavone extract diet compared with the other groups combined (p < 0.05). In this xenograft model for prostate cancer, there were statistically significant effects on tumor growth rate and final tumor weight attributable to a low-fat + soy protein + isoflavone extract diet.
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PMID:Decreased growth of human prostate LNCaP tumors in SCID mice fed a low-fat, soy protein diet with isoflavones. 1069 66

Monoclonal antibody (MAb) 1C5 reacts with 87% of uterine cervical adenocarcinoma and bovine beta -casein, but not with squamous cell carcinoma. To clarify the characteristics of the antigen (beta-casein-like protein; BCLP) recognized by MAb 1C5, molecular cloning was performed using 5' rapid amplification of the cDNA ends (5' RACE) and the oligo-capping method. The protein predicted from the cDNA consisting of 937 nucleotides comprises 222 amino acids. The BCLP gene and deduced amino acid sequences were novel and showed no similarity to known cancer-associated genes in the database. Northern blot analysis showed that a 1.1 kb transcript was ubiquitously expressed in cancer cell lines and was predominantly expressed in uterine cervical adenocarcinoma. To clarify the function of BCLP, BCLP cDNA was transfected into L929 cells, resulting in a significant increase in cell area, a downregulation of cell growth rate and a decrease in cell attachment. We conclude that BCLP might be associated with cell morphology and a regulation of growth pattern of tumor.
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PMID:Cloning and characterization of a tumor-associated antigen, beta-casein-like protein. 1139 83

Undernutrition of dams and pups disrupts the retrieval efficiency of mothers. However, if the mothers are assessed in their home cages, they spend more time with their litters. In the present study the effect of test conditions on pup retrieval behavior of mothers receiving a 25% (well-nourished group) and 8% casein diet (undernourished group) was examined. In agreement with previous studies, undernourished mothers spent more time with their litters than well-nourished dams as lactation proceeded. Pup retrieval behavior varied with test conditions. In the first experiment, the maternal behavior of dams was assessed by the standard procedure (pups were separated from their mother and scattered over the floor of the home cage). The mother was then returned and the number of retrieved pups was recorded. From day 3 to 8, the retrieval efficiency of undernourished dams decreased, while the retrieval efficiency of well-nourished mothers did not vary. In the second experiment, mothers were subjected to a single retrieval test (on day 9 of lactation) using the procedure described for experiment 1. No difference between well-nourished and undernourished mothers was observed. In the third experiment, seven-day-old pups were separated from the mothers and returned individually to a clean home cage. Dietary treatment did not affect the retrieval efficiency. However, undernourished dams reconstructed the nest more slowly than did well-nourished dams. Taken together, these results suggest that pup retrieval behavior of the undernourished mother is not impaired by dietary restriction when the maternal environment is disturbed minimally.
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PMID:Influence of the test situation on pup retrieval behavior of normal and undernourished lactating rats. 1174 20

Ileal endogenous amino acid (IEAA) and total amino acid (TAA) flow (mg/kg of DM intake) in turkey poults and broiler chicks at 3 ages (5, 15, and 21 d) were compared by feeding a N-free diet (NFD) or graded levels of casein (highly digestible protein, HDP). The semipurified diets contained 0 (NFD), 50, 100, or 150 g of casein/kg of diet as the only source of amino acids. Each diet was fed to 6 replicate cages containing 30 (5 d), 10 (15 d), or 8 (21 d) birds per cage for 5 d prior to the collection of ileal digesta. At d 5, IEAA and TAA flow in poults fed the NFD, 50, and 100 g of casein/kg of diet was higher (P < 0.05) than in chicks. The IEAA flows within and between both species on d 15 and 21 were not different. Similar trends were observed for the HDP diets (50, 100, or 150 g of casein/kg of diet). An interaction (P < 0.05) between species and age was observed for most of the amino acids for all treatments. The results from this study suggest that at d 5, poults have significantly higher concentration of IEAA and TAA output relative to chicks. However, by d 15 and 21, there were no species differences in IEAA or TAA flow. These results also showed that IEAA flow is species and age dependent. The increased IEAA flow observed at d 5 should be taken into consideration when formulating starter diets on a digestible amino acid basis.
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PMID:Comparison of ileal endogenous amino acid flows in broiler chicks and turkey poults. 1762 14

Ileal endogenous amino acid (IEAA) flow in turkey poults was determined at 2 experimental locations on d 5, 15, and 21 posthatch using 3 methods, namely a N-free diet (NFD), a highly digestible protein (casein), and the regression method, obtained by regressing IEAA flow against dietary casein levels. The diets were semipurified and contained 0, 50, 100, or 150 g of casein/kg of diet as the sole source of dietary protein. Each diet was fed for 5 d to 6 replicate cages of 30 (d 5), 10 (d 15), or 8 (d 21) birds per cage. There was no interaction between locations and age or locations and diet, so the data from both locations were pooled. Ileal endogenous amino acid flow on d 5 (NFD method) was higher (P < 0.05) than on d 15 or 21. Ileal endogenous amino acid flow estimated from the NFD and the regression methods was different on d 5 (P < 0.05), but there were no differences in IEAA flow for most of the amino acids on d 15 and 21. Increasing the level of casein resulted in a linear (P < 0.05) increase in IEAA flow. The amino acids with the lowest flow were Trp and Met, whereas Glu had the greatest flow. The results obtained from this study indicate that data generated across laboratories were repeatable. The results also suggest that about twice as much amino acids of endogenous origin are found in the digesta of poults on d 5 relative to d 21. Also, as poults age, there is a decrease in IEAA flow from d 5 to 15, but flows from d 15 to 21 are not different. These observations suggest that apparent digestibility coefficients for poults on d 5 and d 15 or 21 could be significantly influenced by the level of endogenous amino acids, more so on d 5.
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PMID:Effect of age and method on ileal endogenous amino acid flow in turkey poults. 1770 83


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