Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:Q86TM3 (cage)
 29,987 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The LeY determinant, a difucosylated type 2 blood group-related antigen, is a positional isomer of the Leb blood group antigen and a fucosylated derivative of the LeX antigen. The LeX antigen behaves like an oncodevelopmental tumor-associated antigen in human colon cancer, and extended polyfucosyl LeX antigens are more specific for colon cancer tissues than are simple, monofucosyl LeX antigens. The present investigation compared the expression of simple and extended LeY antigens in a variety of malignant and nonmalignant human colonic tissues to gain insight into the normal distribution and cancer-associated expression of these antigens. Monoclonal antibody AH-6, which recognizes the LeY epitope irrespective of its carrier carbohydrate chain, stained the majority of specimens regardless of malignant potential or location within the colon. In contrast, CC-1 and CC-2 monoclonal antibodies, which recognize extended LeY structures, and KH-1, which is specific to trifucosyl LeY, preferentially stained malignant colonic tissues and rarely stained normal colonic mucosae. Mucosa immediately adjacent to cancer usually stained with AH-6 but not with KH-1, CC-1, or CC-2. Extended or trifucosyl LeY antigen expression was limited exclusively to premalignant (adenomatous) polyps and was invariably absent from nonpremalignant (hyperplastic) polyps. Moreover, among adenomatous polyps, extended LeY antigen expression tended to correlate with three parameters of malignant potential: larger polyp size; villous histology, and severe dysplasia. AH-6 failed to distinguish between hyperplastic and adenomatous polyps. In second-trimester fetal colonic mucosa, AH-6 bound to both proximal and distal segments whereas KH-1, CC-1, and CC-2 bound only to proximal segments. We conclude that in human colon, the LeY hapten is an oncodevelopmental cancer-associated antigen and extended LeY antigens are highly specific markers for malignancy and premalignancy.
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PMID:Expression of LeY and extended LeY blood group-related antigens in human malignant, premalignant, and nonmalignant colonic tissues. 242 90

Antigen T (Thomsen-Friedenreich), a precursor of blood group MN antigens, with the determinant of a carbohydrate (Gal-GalNac), antigen Lewisx (Lex), a trisaccharide found on Type 2 blood group oligosaccharide chains, Sialo-Lex, the derivatives: of Lex and Lewisy (Ley), a difucosylated tetrasaccharide have, behaved as the oncodevelopment tumor-associated antigens in human colon. In the present study, using monoclonal antibodies in immunohistochemical method, the expression and distribution of these antigens in pancreatic cancer and normal pancreatic tissue were observed and compared. It was found that monoclonal antibody AH8-258 derived against antigen T, SSEA-1 and FH-4 derived against short and long chain antigens Lex, FH-6 and IB 9 derived against Sialo-Lex antigen preferentially stained most pancreatic cancer tissues but rarely the normal pancreatic tissues. However, monoclonal antibodies AH-6, KH-1 and CC-1, derived against antigen Ley, stained the majority of tissues regardless of being malignant or normal and were not able to differentiate cancer from the normal tissues. Antigens T, Lex, Sialo-Lex and Ley were also expressed in chronic pancreatitis but the chance of monoclonal antibodies staining in these tissues (18 approximately 36%) was markedly lower than the staining in cancer tissues (54 approximately 77%) except Ley. It is suggested that in human pancreas, haptens T, Lex and Sialo-Lex, the oncodevelopmental cancer-associated antigens, are highly specific markers for malignancy and likely helpful in the early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer.
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PMID:[Pancreatic cancer-associated new carbohydrate antigen]. 245 61

Carbohydrate antigens are useful markers for the serological detection of pancreatic cancer. However, data concerning the expression of structurally well-defined carbohydrate antigens in normal and malignant pancreatic tissue is quite limited. The Lex and Leg antigens are closely related carbohydrate antigens synthesized on type 2 blood group oligosaccharide side chains of glycolipids and glycoproteins. Monoclonal antibodies anti-SSEA-1 and AH6 recognize "simple" Lex and Ley epitopes, respectively, regardless of the length of the carrier carbohydrate. Other monoclonal antibodies recognize Lex (FH4), sialyl Lex (FH6, IB9) or Ley (KH1, CC-1, CC-2) carried only by elongated type 2 side chains with or without internal alpha 1,3 fucosyl substitution. The present comparative immunohistochemical study used tissues of normal pancreas, chronic pancreatitis, and pancreatic cancer to determine the normal expression of Lex and Ley antigens in the pancreas and to elucidate any cancer-associated alterations. Lex-related antigens were not expressed in normal pancreas, expressed in only 10-20% of chronic pancreatitis tissues, but expressed in 50-70% of pancreatic cancer tissues. The frequency of Lex-related antigen expression in pancreatic cancer tissues was lowest in poorly differentiated cancers. Within a given specimen, at least three or all four of the Lex recognizing monoclonal antibodies were simultaneously expressed. Unlike Lex antigens, Ley-related antigens were expressed in 32-77% of specimens of normal pancreas, with similar frequencies in specimens of chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer. In normal pancreas, simple Ley was expressed by both ductal and acinar cells, but extended Ley antigens were expressed only by acinar cells. In pancreatic cancer, extended Ley antigen expression was found in less than 10% of poorly differentiated tumors. Coexpression among the Ley-related antigens was less common than with the Lex-related antigens. Also in cancer specimens, simple Lex and simple Lex antigens were often concordantly expressed, whereas extended Lex and extended Ley antigen expression was often discordant. Hyperplastic ducts and ductules associated with pancreatic cancer expressed Lex-related antigens more frequently than morphologically similar lesions associated with chronic pancreatitis. These results demonstrate that Lex-related antigens are cancer-associated determinants in the human pancreas. The discrepant expression between Lex and Ley antigens in these tissues implies altered regulation of fucosyltransferase activity associated with the malignant state.
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PMID:Lex and Ley antigen expression in human pancreatic cancer. 333 15

Chemokine CCL14 is inactive in its proform. Here, we show that inflammation- and cancer-associated kallikrein-related peptidases KLK5 and KLK8 remove the N-terminal eight amino acids from the proform thereby converting CCL14 to its active state. Activity of the chemokine is demonstrated by migration of myeloid cells expressing relevant receptors.
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PMID:Kallikrein-related peptidases are activators of the CC chemokine CCL14. 3002 15

CC chemokines, a subfamily of 27 chemotactic cytokines, are a component of intercellular communication, which is crucial for the functioning of the tumor microenvironment. Although many individual chemokines have been well researched, there has been no comprehensive review presenting the role of all known human CC chemokines in the hallmarks of cancer, and this paper aims at filling this gap. The first part of this review discusses the importance of CCL1, CCL3, CCL4, CCL5, CCL18, CCL19, CCL20, CCL21, CCL25, CCL27, and CCL28 in cancer. Here, we discuss the significance of CCL2 (MCP-1), CCL7, CCL8, CCL11, CCL13, CCL14, CCL15, CCL16, CCL17, CCL22, CCL23, CCL24, and CCL26. The presentation of each chemokine includes its physiological function and then the role in tumor, including proliferation, drug resistance, migration, invasion, and organ-specific metastasis of tumor cells, as well as the effects on angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis. We also discuss the effects of each CC chemokine on the recruitment of cancer-associated cells to the tumor niche (eosinophils, myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC), tumor-associated macrophages (TAM), tumor-associated neutrophils (TAN), regulatory T cells (Treg)). On the other hand, we also present the anti-cancer properties of CC chemokines, consisting in the recruitment of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL).
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PMID:CC Chemokines in a Tumor: A Review of Pro-Cancer and Anti-Cancer Properties of the Ligands of Receptors CCR1, CCR2, CCR3, and CCR4. 3318 4