Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:Q86TM3 (cage)
 29,987 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Adult male CD1 mice received the 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, BRL 46470A, by intraperitoneal injection at three dose levels (2.5 mg/kg, 25 and 2.5 micrograms/kg). Controls were injected with physiological saline. At 30 min after injection, the behaviour of each mouse was examined by ethological procedures, when encountering an untreated partner for 5 min in its home cage and for 5 min in the more aversive situation of an unfamiliar neutral cage. The behaviour of each mouse also was monitored for 5 min in a two compartment light-dark box. At all doses tested, BRL 46470A increased the time spent in the light compartment of the light-dark box. At the smallest dose (2.5 micrograms/kg), the number of transitions between light and dark compartments was increased and there also was an increase (per unit time) in the numbers of squares crossed and number of scans in the light compartment. At all doses tested, BRL 46470A increased social investigation and reduced non-social exploratory activity in both the home cage and the unfamiliar neutral cage. In both test situations, increase of social investigation was maximum at 25 micrograms/kg, and at this dose, aggressive behaviour was also enhanced. In the neutral cage, digging in the sawdust by drug-treated mice showed a progressive dose-related increase. These results indicate potent anxiolytic-like activity by BRL 46470A and also demonstrate increased reactivity to unfamiliar environmental stimuli, such as novel sawdust. The significance of these findings is discussed.
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PMID:Effects of acute administration of the 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, BRL 46470A, on the behaviour of mice in a two compartment light-dark box and during social interactions in their home cage and an unfamiliar neutral cage. 135 51

The effects of dl-propranolol on the behaviour of adult male CD1 mice were examined after acute intraperitoneal injection (1.5 and 6 mg/kg) and after administration for 10-13 days in the drinking fluid at 12.4 mg/l (1.9 mg/kg daily) and 24.9 mg/l (4.6 mg/kg daily). The behaviour of each mouse was examined by ethological procedures during 5 min social encounters with an untreated partner in an aversive and a less aversive situation, an unfamiliar neutral cage and the animals' home cage. The behaviour of each mouse also was monitored for 5 min in the light-dark box. In the acute studies, behavioural observations commenced at 30 min after the injection. In the light-dark box, propranolol, after acute administration, increased the number of transitions between the light and dark compartments and increased scanning in the light area but propranolol had no significant effect after subchronic administration. In the home cage, propranolol significantly increased social investigation during social encounters and reduced exploratory activity at all doses tested, after both acute and subchronic administration. In the neutral cage, propranolol, after acute administration, increased digging of the sawdust and decreased exploratory activity at both dose levels, while at the largest dose it also increased social investigation. In the neutral cage, propranolol, given by subchronic administration, increased aggressive behaviour as well as social investigation and digging of the sawdust at both dose levels, while reducing non-social exploratory activity. The largest dose of propranolol also increased investigation of the substrate. These results indicate that propranolol increased reactivity to normal environmental and social stimuli, in addition to its anxiolytic profile of behavioural effects.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Effects of acute and subchronic administration of propranolol on the social behaviour of mice; an ethopharmacological study. 152 4

Chlordiazepoxide (21.5 mg/l; 5 mg/kg daily), buspirone (12.8 g/l; 3.4 mg/kg daily) and the 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, BRL 46470, (40 micrograms/l; 10 micrograms/kg daily) were each given in the drinking fluid for 12-14 days to adult male CD1 mice. Controls received tap water. Effects of the treatments on behaviour during 5 min social encounters with untreated partners were examined by ethological procedures in an aversive and less aversive situation, an unfamiliar neutral cage and the home cage. In the neutral cage all compounds increased the occurrence of the social act, "nose" and enhanced digging of the unfamiliar sawdust, at the expense of exploration. In the home cage, all compounds increased social investigation and reduced non-social activity. The drug BRL 46470 evoked more marked effects on behaviour than did buspirone or chlordiazepoxide and in the neutral cage it enhanced some acts of aggression. These results show that all compounds increased reactivity to normal social and environmental stimuli, in addition to their anxiolytic profile of behavioural effects.
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PMID:Effects of sub-chronic treatment with chlordiazepoxide, buspirone and the 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, BRL 46470, on the social behaviour of mice. 163 May 89

Ethopharmacological procedures and a two-compartment black and white test box were used to examine behavioural effects produced by the benzodiazepine receptor inverse agonist, methyl-6,7-dimethoxy-4-ethyl-beta-carboline-3-carboxylate (DMCM), when given by intraperitoneal injection (0.4 and 1.0 mg/kg) to pair-housed adult CD1 male mice. Control mice received injections of the solvent. Behaviour in the light-dark box was examined at 30 min after the injection and behaviour during encounters with an untreated group-housed male, in a neutral cage, was then assessed by ethological procedures. In dominant mice, aggressive behaviour was significantly reduced and the ratio of flight, relative to aggression received, was significantly increased by DMCM at 0.4 mg/kg. At 1 mg/kg but not 0.4 mg/kg, DMCM decreased time spent by dominant mice in the light compartment of the test box. In both dominant and subordinate mice, flight was increased by DMCM at 1 mg/kg to a level close to statistical significance. Treatment with DMCM had no other detectable effect on the behaviour of subordinate animals. It is suggested that anxiogenic activity of this compound might induce a shift of agonistic behaviour from aggression to "fear-induced flight".
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PMID:Effects of the benzodiazepine receptor inverse agonist, DMCM, on the behaviour of mice: an ethopharmacological study. 166 17

The immunological phenotyping of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) was assayed in a series of 22 patients suffering from severe cancer-associated malnutrition. A marked decrease of the T-lymphocyte subsets (CD3+, CD4+, CD8+) and of the CD20+ B lymphocytes occurred; there was however an increased percentage of monocytes but their absolute number was normal. Interestingly, 5% of the PBMC expressed "activated T-cell antigens". The specificity of two different monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) towards CD1 epitopes (OKT6 and D47) was assessed by indirect immunofluorescence (IIF): about 5% of CD1+ thymocytes were detected with no antigen (Ag) cross reactivity with the small subset of activated T cells. It is hypothesized that some relationship may exist between such cells and malnutrition and/or cancer.
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PMID:Detection of CD1 positive cells in the peripheral blood of patients suffering from cancer-associated malnutrition. 311 90

Effects of yohimbine (2 and 5 mg/kg, i.p.) and clonidine (10 and 50 micrograms/kg, i.p.) on the behaviour of adult female CD1 mice during 5 min encounters in a neutral cage with unfamiliar male partners have been examined by ethological procedures at 30 min after injection. Yohimbine induced dose-related increases in the frequency, bout length and duration of the immobile postures, "sit" and "social crouch", while decreasing the frequency of "explore", "scan", "attend" and "investigate", and increasing their bout lengths in a dose-related manner. These results suggest that yohimbine decreased the rate of switching from one behavioural act to another. Pausing between acts was increased by yohimbine to a similar extent at both of the tested dose levels. The act "wash" was increased in duration by yohimbine, whereas the strenuous activity of "digging" showed a dose-related decrease in frequency, duration and bout length. It is proposed that these effects are induced by the known interactions of yohimbine with receptors for dopamine as well as with alpha 2-adrenoceptors. Clonidine reduced motor activity, evident as a dose-related increase in the frequency and duration of "sitting" coupled with decreased frequency and increased bout length of the act, "explore" (significant at 50 micrograms/kg). Clonidine also dose-dependently reduced the frequency and duration of substrate "sniffing". Clonidine decreased occurrence of the specific social acts, "attend" and "investigate", as well as reducing frequency although not duration of overall social investigation. These findings have parallels with reported clinical effects of clonidine, such as sedation and impairments of attention, which must limit its clinical usefulness.
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PMID:Comparison of the effects of yohimbine and clonidine on the behaviour of female mice during social encounters in an "approach-avoidance" situation. 832 23

Effects of buspirone (1, 5 and 10 mg/kg, i.p.) on the behaviour of adult male CD1 mice have been compared with those of chlordiazepoxide (1, 4 and 8 mg/kg, i.p.). Commencing at 30 min after injection, the behaviour of each mouse was examined by ethological procedures during 5 min social encounters with an untreated partner in the animal's home cage and in the more aversive situation of an unfamiliar neutral cage. In both test environments, buspirone at 1 and 5 mg/kg and chlordiazepoxide (CDP) at 1 and 4 mg/kg increased social investigation and some of its constituent elements, while decreasing non-social activity and the element, "explore" (and for CDP, of "scanning" also). In both test environments, the increase of social investigation by buspirone and CDP was less marked at 10 and 8 mg/kg, respectively. For CDP, although not for buspirone, this effect was related to dose-dependent increases of immobility coupled with reductions of exploratory non-social activity and scanning below those occurring at the intermediate dose level. Buspirone at 5 mg/kg increased social investigation to a greater extent in the home cage (P < 0.01) than in the unfamiliar neutral cage (P < 0.05), whereas CDP was approximately equipotent in the two test situations. In the neutral cage, buspirone at all dose levels showed an additional effect of increasing the time spent by the mice in digging, whereas chlordiazepoxide dose-dependently increased aggression. These results indicate anxiolytic activity by both compounds after acute administration, and identify certain differences in the profile of their other effects on social behaviour.
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PMID:Buspirone increases social investigation in pair-housed male mice; comparison with the effects of chlordiazepoxide. 832 25

The effects of ritanserin on the behaviour of adult male CD1 mice were examined after acute intraperitoneal injection (0.1, 0.3 and 0.6 mg/kg) and after administration for 12-15 days in the drinking fluid at 1.6 mg/l (0.32 mg/kg daily) and 3.1 mg/l (0.7 mg/kg daily). The behaviour of each mouse was examined by ethological procedures during 5 min social encounters with an untreated partner in an aversive situation, an unfamiliar neutral cage, and in a familiar situation, the animal's home cage. Behaviour also was monitored for 5 min in the light-dark box. In the acute studies, behavioural observations commenced at 30 min after injection. In the home cage, ritanserin significantly increased social investigation during social encounters and reduced exploratory activity at all doses tested, after both acute and subchronic administration. In the neutral cage, acutely administered ritanserin increased social investigation and reduced non-social activity at all dose levels. Effects were maximal at 0.3 mg/kg, and at this dose it also increased aggression. In the neutral cage after subchronic administration, ritanserin at both dose levels increased aggression, digging and investigation of the substrate and occurrence of the social act, "attend", while reducing the time spent in non-social exploration. Ritanserin did not affect behaviour in the light-dark box. The significance of these findings relative to the anxiolytic and antidepressant effects of ritanserin is discussed.
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PMID:Effects of acute and subchronic administration of ritanserin on the social behaviour of mice. 847 22

In order to find better and new treatments for anxiety in humans, a variety of paradigms are used to study anxiety-related processes in rodents. We studied mice in two different anxiety-related assays: the physiological stress-induced hyperthermia (SIH) paradigm and the behavioral light-dark exploration (LD) test. Eight inbred strains (129S6/SvEvTac, 129S1/SvImJ, A/J, BALB/cByJ, C3H/HeJ, C57BL/6J, DBA/2J, and FVB/NJ) and one outbred strain (CD1-ICR) were tested in both assays repeatedly. This study describes the first strain survey for the SIH paradigm. All strains showed an SIH response, but the magnitude of the response varied between lines. The inbred strain distribution pattern for the behavioral responses in the LD assay was not correlated with the SIH response. The lack of a significant correlation suggests that there is no genetic relation between such responses. Mice could be tested repeatedly in both assays without affecting the results. A new paradigm, in which both assays were combined, elucidated that behavioral responses were not altered by segments of the SIH paradigm. In contrast, exposure to the light-dark box instead of the home-cage showed a strain-dependent effect on the physiological response. We conclude that a combination of behavioral and physiological responses might lead to a better understanding in anxiety-related processes.
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PMID:Behavioral and physiological mouse assays for anxiety: a survey in nine mouse strains. 1242 12

While studying Ag-pulsed syngeneic dendritic cell (DC) immunization, we discovered that surprisingly, unpulsed DCs induced protection against tumor lung metastases resulting from i.v. injection of a syngeneic BALB/c colon carcinoma CT26 or a syngeneic C57BL/6 lung carcinoma LL/2. Splenocytes or immature splenic DCs did not protect. The protection was mediated by NK cells, in that it was abrogated by treatment with anti-asialo-GM1 but not anti-CD8, and was induced by CD1(-/-) DCs unable to stimulate NKT cells, but did not occur in beige mice lacking NK cells. Protection correlated with increased NK activity, and increased infiltration of NK but not CD8(+) cells in lungs of tumor-bearing mice. Protection depended on the presence of costimulatory molecules CD80, CD86, and CD40 on the DCs, but surprisingly did not require DCs that could make IL-12 or IL-15. Unexpectedly, protection sensitive to anti-asialo-GM1 and increased NK activity were still present 14 mo after DC injection. As NK cells lack memory, we found by depletion that CD4(+) not CD8(+) T cells were required for induction of the NK antitumor response. The role of DCs and CD4(+) T cells provides a novel mechanism for NK cell induction and innate immunity against cancer that may have potential in preventing clinical metastases.
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PMID:Dendritic cell-induced activation of adaptive and innate antitumor immunity. 1463 94


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