Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:Q86TM3 (cage)
 29,987 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Chronic early-life stress (ES) exerts profound acute and long-lasting effects on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal system, with relevance to cognitive function and affective disorders. Our ability to determine the molecular mechanisms underlying these effects should benefit greatly from appropriate mouse models because these would enable use of powerful transgenic methods. Therefore, we have characterized a mouse model of chronic ES, which was provoked in mouse pups by abnormal, fragmented interactions with the dam. Dam-pup interaction was disrupted by limiting the nesting and bedding material in the cages, a manipulation that affected this parameter in a dose-dependent manner. At the end of their week-long rearing in the limited-nesting cages, mouse pups were stressed, as apparent from elevated basal plasma corticosterone levels. In addition, steady-state mRNA levels of CRH in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus of ES-experiencing pups were reduced, without significant change in mRNA levels of arginine vasopressin. Rearing mouse pups in this stress-provoking cage environment resulted in enduring effects: basal plasma corticosterone levels were still increased, and CRH mRNA levels in paraventricular nucleus remained reduced in adult ES mice, compared with those of controls. In addition, hippocampus-dependent learning and memory functions were impaired in 4- to 8-month-old ES mice. In summary, this novel, robust model of chronic early life stress in the mouse results in acute and enduring neuroendocrine and cognitive abnormalities. This model should facilitate the examination of the specific genes and molecules involved in the generation of this stress as well as in its consequences.
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PMID:A novel mouse model for acute and long-lasting consequences of early life stress. 1856 22

Gene-environment (GxE) interactions contribute to the development of many neuropsychiatric disorders. Tryptophan hydroxylase-2 (TPH2) synthesizes neuronal serotonin and is closely related to the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, while early life experience is a critical environmental factor programming the HPA axis response to stress. This retrospective study investigated GxE interaction at the TPH2 locus in rhesus monkeys. Twenty-eight adult, male rhesus monkeys of Indian origin, either mother-reared or peer-reared as infants, were involved in this study. These monkeys have been previously genotyped for the functional A2051C polymorphism in rhTPH2, and had been physiologically and behaviorally characterized. rhTPH2 A2051C exerted a significant main effect (CC>AA&AC) on the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) level of 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid (5-HIAA; F((1,14))=6.42, p=0.024), plasma cortisol level in the morning (F((1,18))=14.63, p=0.002) and cortisol response to ACTH challenge (F((1,17))=6.87, p=0.018), while the rearing experience showed a significant main effect (PR>MR) on CSF CRH (F((1,20))=11.66, p=0.003) and cage shaking behavior (F((1,27))=4.45, p=0.045). The effects of rhTPH2 A2051C on the afternoon cortisol level, plasma ACTH level, dexamethasone suppression of urinary cortisol excretion, and aggression were dependent upon the rearing experience. These results were not confounded by the functional C77G polymorphism in the mu-opioid receptor (MOR). The present study supports the hypothesis that rearing experience and rhTPH2 A2051C interact to influence central 5-HT metabolism, HPA axis function, and aggressive behaviors. Our findings strengthen the involvement of G x E interactions at the loci of serotonergic genes and the utility of the nonhuman primate to model G x E interactions in the development of human neuropsychiatric diseases.
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PMID:The effect of rearing experience and TPH2 genotype on HPA axis function and aggression in rhesus monkeys: a retrospective analysis. 1990 Apr 55

Mate separation has been shown to mediate changes in physiological and behavioral processes via activation of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis in both mammalian and avian species. To elucidate the neural mechanisms associated with changes in the HPA axis in response to social stress, we investigated the effects of mate pair separation on circulating corticosterone concentrations as well as gene expression levels of mineralocorticoid receptor (MR), glucocorticoid receptor (GR), and corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) in the hypothalamus and hippocampus of both male and female zebra finches, a species that forms strong pair bonds. Zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata) were housed three to a cage (a mated pair plus a stimulus female), and were assigned to one of three new housing treatment groups: (1) male or female removed from their respective mate and placed in a cage with a new opposite sex conspecific and stimulus female (2) male or female that remained with their mate, but a new stimulus female was introduced, or (3) the subjects were handled but not separated from their mate or the stimulus female. After 48 hr in the new housing condition, we observed significant increases in plasma corticosterone concentrations in response to both mate pair and stimulus female separation. No significant differences in MR, GR, or CRH mRNA expression in the hypothalamus were observed in response to any treatment for both males and females. Females exhibited a significant up regulation in hippocampal MR, but not GR mRNA, whereas males exhibited a significant down regulation of both hippocampal MR and GR mRNA in response to mate pair separation. Thus, the hippocampus appears to play a key role in regulating sex specific responses to social stressors.
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PMID:Sex differences in hippocampal mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid receptor mRNA expression in response to acute mate pair separation in zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata). 2966 59

Stator/rotor winding faults are the common faults in squirrel-cage induction motor systems, which motivates the study of incipient fault detection and isolation (IFDI) to improve the safety and reliability of CRH (China Railway High-speed) trains. In this paper, a dynamic model for squirrel caged induction motor in d-q coordinate system is established firstly, further, the models and characteristics of incipient broken-rotor-bar fault and turn-to-turn short fault are analyzed. After that, a novel robust diagnosis design is proposed for the possible incipient stator/rotor winding faults. Experimental analyses show that the detection and isolation scheme designed in this paper provides high sensitivity and accurate isolation to incipient winding faults.
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PMID:Incipient winding fault detection and diagnosis for squirrel-cage induction motors equipped on CRH trains. 3158 10


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