Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:Q86TM3 (cage)
 29,987 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We measured the electromyographic (EMG) activity in four chest wall and trunk (CWT) muscles, the erector spinae, latissimus dorsi, pectoralis major, and trapezius, together with the parasternal, in four normal subjects during graded inspiratory efforts against an occlusion in both upright and seated postures. We also measured CWT EMGs in six seated subjects during inspiratory resistive loading at high and low tidal volumes [1,280 +/- 80 (SE) and 920 +/- 60 ml, respectively]. With one exception, CWT EMG increased as a function of inspiratory pressure generated (Pmus) at all lung volumes in both postures, with no systematic difference in recruitment between CWT and parasternal muscles as a function of Pmus. At any given lung volume there was no consistent difference in CWT EMG at a given Pmus between the two postures (P > 0.09). However, at a given Pmus during both graded inspiratory efforts and inspiratory resistive loading, EMGs of all muscles increased with lung volume, with greater volume dependence in the upright posture (P < 0.02). The results suggest that during inspiratory efforts, CWT muscles contribute to the generation of inspiratory pressure. The CWT muscles may act as fixators opposing deflationary forces transmitted to the vertebral column by rib cage articulations, a function that may be less effective at high lung volumes if the direction of the muscular insertions is altered disadvantageously.
J Appl Physiol (1985) 1992 Dec
PMID:Chest wall and trunk muscle activity during inspiratory loading. 149 Sep 46

Lung volume influences the mechanical action of the primary inspiratory and expiratory muscles by affecting their precontraction length, alignment with the rib cage, and mechanical coupling to agonistic and antagonistic muscles. We have previously shown that the canine pectoral muscles exert an expiratory action on the rib cage when the forelimbs are at the torso's side and an inspiratory action when the forelimbs are held elevated. To determine the effect of lung volume on intrathoracic pressure changes produced by the canine pectoral muscles, we performed isolated bilateral supramaximal electrical stimulation of the deep pectoral and superficial pectoralis (descending and transverse heads) muscles in 15 adult supine anesthetized dogs during hyperventilation-induced apnea. Lung volume was altered by application of a negative or positive pressure (+/- 30 cmH2O) to the airway. In all animals, selective electrical stimulation of the descending, transverse, and deep pectoral muscles with the forelimbs held elevated produced negative intrathoracic pressure changes (i.e., an inspiratory action). Moreover, with the forelimbs elevated, increasing lung volume decreased both pectoral muscle fiber precontraction length and the negative intrathoracic pressure changes generated by contraction of each of these muscles. Conversely, with the forelimbs along the torso, increasing lung volume lengthened pectoral muscle precontraction length and augmented the positive intrathoracic pressure changes produced by muscle contraction (i.e., an expiratory action). These results indicate that lung volume significantly affects the length of the canine pectoral muscles and their mechanical actions on the rib cage.
J Appl Physiol (1985) 1992 Dec
PMID:Effect of lung volume on the respiratory action of the canine pectoral muscles. 149 Sep 51

Several rodent studies based on molecular biology have suggested that accumulation of genetic alterations in cancer-associated genes is required to convert a normal cell into a malignant cell. Activation of oncogenes and inactivation of tumor suppressor genes appear to be involved in carcinogenesis. In renal cell carcinomas, we have recently implied that the presence of tumor suppressor genes at chromosome 3p13-14.3 and 21.3, the regions where are also commonly deleted in adenocarcinoma of the lung; at chromosome 5q21, the region where the MCC (mutated in colorectal cancer) gene and APC (adenomatous polyposis coli) gene are located; at chromosome 6q27; and at 10q 21-23. We have also indicated that genes on 3p is probably important for development of RCCs and genes on 5q, 6q, and 10q may be associated with progression of RCCs.
Nihon Rinsho 1992 Dec
PMID:[Tumor suppressor genes associated with development of human renal cell carcinoma]. 149 60

(I): 4,7-Dichloro-1-cyano-N-isopropyltetracyclo-[4.2.0.0(2,5).0(3,8)] octane-4-carboxamide, C13H14Cl2N2O, M(r) = 285.17, orthorhombic, Fdd2, a = 34.012 (1), b = 15.791 (2), c = 10.899(1)A, Z = 16, D chi = 1.29 g cm-3, Cu K alpha (lambda = 1.5418 A), mu = 39.2 cm-1, F(000) = 2368, T = 293 K, 1504 reflections with I > 3 sigma(I), R = 0.042. (II): 4,7-Dichloro-N-isopropyl-10-oxo-9-oxatetracyclo [4.4.0.0(2,5).0(3,8)]decane-4-carboxamide, C13H15Cl2NO3, M(r) = 304.17, monoclinic, P2(1)/a, a = 9.902(2), b = 9.381(2), c = 15.174(2) A, beta = 103.25(1) degrees, Z = 4, D chi = 1.47 g cm-3, Cu K alpha (lambda = 1.5418 A), mu = 43.1 cm-1, F(000) = 632, 2107 reflections with I > 3 sigma(I), R = 0.036. (I) represents the first crystallographic example of a secocubane. The nonbonded distances (C4...C7) are 2.742 (5) and 2.717(3) A in (I) and (II). C--C distances in the cage portions of the molecules are typical of cubanes.
Acta Crystallogr B 1992 Dec 01
PMID:Structures of secocubane and nortwistbrendane derivatives. 149 63

Sodium pentobarbital injections followed 30 min later by d-amphetamine sulfate produce an effect over trials in the form of an increase in heart rate in response to pentobarbital in relation to rats that receive the 2 drugs 24 hr apart (long-delayed control: Revusky, Davey, & Zagorski, 1989). This study found equivalent increases in heart rate in forward and backward groups in relation to a long-delayed control regardless of whether training or testing was carried out in a heart rate recording apparatus or in the home cage, which suggests that a drug interaction due to drug administrations in forward and backward groups has yet to be eliminated in accounting for the heart rate effect. Comparison of backward and long-delayed controls in a drug-drug procedure that used a taste aversion test revealed that both forward and delayed pairings can produce attenuated aversions in relation to a backward group regardless of whether the unconditional stimulus is amphetamine (Experiment 1) or lithium chloride (Experiment 2).
Behav Neurosci 1991 Dec
PMID:Methodological issues in drug-drug conditioning in rats: nonassociative factors in heart rate and avfail. 166 59

Ethopharmacological procedures and a two-compartment black and white test box were used to examine behavioural effects produced by the benzodiazepine receptor inverse agonist, methyl-6,7-dimethoxy-4-ethyl-beta-carboline-3-carboxylate (DMCM), when given by intraperitoneal injection (0.4 and 1.0 mg/kg) to pair-housed adult CD1 male mice. Control mice received injections of the solvent. Behaviour in the light-dark box was examined at 30 min after the injection and behaviour during encounters with an untreated group-housed male, in a neutral cage, was then assessed by ethological procedures. In dominant mice, aggressive behaviour was significantly reduced and the ratio of flight, relative to aggression received, was significantly increased by DMCM at 0.4 mg/kg. At 1 mg/kg but not 0.4 mg/kg, DMCM decreased time spent by dominant mice in the light compartment of the test box. In both dominant and subordinate mice, flight was increased by DMCM at 1 mg/kg to a level close to statistical significance. Treatment with DMCM had no other detectable effect on the behaviour of subordinate animals. It is suggested that anxiogenic activity of this compound might induce a shift of agonistic behaviour from aggression to "fear-induced flight".
Neuropharmacology 1991 Dec
PMID:Effects of the benzodiazepine receptor inverse agonist, DMCM, on the behaviour of mice: an ethopharmacological study. 166 17

The incidence of neurological deficits of the upper extremity was studied in a prospective trial on 201 consecutive patients who underwent median sternotomy at cardiac surgery. In 13 patients (6.5%), a brachial plexus paresis was diagnosed postoperatively. We were unable to demonstrate any statistically significant correlation between brachial plexus paresis and the side of arm placement, the side of cannulation of the jugular vein, the duration of operation, the bypass time, sex, or type of operation. All patients who suffered from neurological deficit were aged 50 years and more, however without any statistically significant correlation. In our opinion, brachial plexus lesions following median sternotomy in cardiac surgery depend on the extent of sternal spread and the height of placement of the retractor in dependence of the rigidity of the rib cage. By reason of the iatrogenic cause of brachial plexus lesions, it appears to us that these complications should be included in those of which the patient needs to be informed preoperatively.
Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1991 Dec
PMID:Brachial plexus lesions following median sternotomy in cardiac surgery. 166 91

Breast cancer cells are characterized by frequent occurrence of the DF 3 breast-cancer associated antigen in the cytoplasmic area. This study elucidated the details of this cytoplasmic reactivity by immunoelectron microscopy. In infiltrating breast carcinomas, the DF 3 antigen was localized in rough endoplasmic reticulum (rER), perinuclear space, Golgi complex, membrane-bound granules and along the outer surface of cell membrane. The antigen was also accumulated in the cytosol. In contrast to this, benign lesions showed localization of the DF 3 antigen mainly along the outer surface of apical cell membrane and rarely in rER or cytosol. The present study indicated that the DF 3 antigen was of secretory type and commonly localized on the outer surface of apical cell membrane in both malignant and benign lesions. Carcinoma tissues were further characterized by frequent occurrence of immunoreactivity related to the process of antigen synthesis. The diffuse cytosolic reactivity may be associated with disordered transportation of the antigen in the cytoplasm.
Pathol Res Pract 1991 Dec
PMID:Immunoelectron microscopic localization of DF 3 cancer-associated antigen in human breast cancer. 166 26

Enhancing the psychological well-being of laboratory animals has received much attention recently. Although many studies have been undertaken to determine the effects of cage enrichment techniques on dogs and nonhuman primates, other than scant empirical observations, little has been done to measure these events objectively in lagomorphs. We studied adult female New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits to learn if, when given the opportunity, individual rabbits would use different enrichment objects placed in their cages, and to determine if rabbits preferred to be in proximity to one another, or apart. Three different objects were evaluated with eight rabbits individually housed in conventional cages. Each object introduced into individual rabbit cages stimulated substantial interaction, especially chewing behavior. Eight other rabbits were pair-housed in a modified caging system with a special access port between two separate cages. When given a choice, rabbits preferred to be in the same cage with other rabbits. In both studies, individual behaviors were monitored, as well as either the type of interaction and percentage of observations spent with each object or, in the housing study, percentage of observations involved with different types of activity, and relative location of the paired rabbits.
Lab Anim Sci 1991 Dec
PMID:Response of adult New Zealand white rabbits to enrichment objects and paired housing. 166 8

The neuropeptide FMRFamide modulates synaptic transmission between identified neurons of the pond snail Helisoma trivolvis. FMRFamide causes a presynaptic inhibition of transmitter release by actions on ion channels and secretory machinery (Man-Son-Hing et al., 1989). The actions of FMRFamide on secretory machinery were studied using giant synapses that form between somata in culture. Using the calcium cage DM-nitrophen, synchronized, calcium-clamped release of neurotransmitter was promoted by UV photolysis. A series of UV flashes (15 msec duration) repeatedly promoted the transient synchronized release of neurotransmitter. Addition of FMRFamide reduced the magnitude of these flash-evoked inhibitory postsynaptic currents. Under conditions of synchronized transmitter release, FMRFamide modulates the secretory responsiveness to internal calcium. The release of neurotransmitter at somasoma synapses was determined to be quantal in nature. To test for the involvement of G-proteins in mediating the effects of FMRFamide on secretory machinery, the modulation of the frequency of miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents (MIPSCs) was examined. Addition of FMRFamide reduced the frequency of MIPSCs without affecting intracellular free calcium measured with fura-2. Injection of a nonhydrolyzable analog of GTP, GTP gamma S, mimicked the effect of FMRFamide and reduced MIPSC frequency. Preinjection of the presynaptic soma with the A-protomer of pertussis toxin (PTX) prevented FMRFamide from reducing MIPSC frequency. Thus, a PTX-sensitive G-protein mediates the action of FMRFamide on secretory machinery. Similarly, preinjection of the presynaptic soma with PTX prevented FMRFamide from reducing the magnitude of action potential-evoked IPSC. Dose-response curves for the actions of FMRFamide on secretory machinery and calcium current were constructed and demonstrated that secretory machinery can be modulated at concentrations of FMRFamide (less than or equal to 10(-7) M) that do not affect calcium current magnitude. At a concentration of 10(-7) M FMRFamide, action potential-evoked synaptic transmission was reduced. Thus, synaptic transmission can be regulated by the modulation of secretory machinery, without a requirement for the modulation of ion channels.
J Neurosci 1991 Dec
PMID:FMRFamide modulation of secretory machinery underlying presynaptic inhibition of synaptic transmission requires a pertussis toxin-sensitive G-protein. 168


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