Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:Q86TM3 (cage)
 29,987 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

1 The occurrence of 11 aggressive and non-aggressive activities was observed in aggressive male mice treated with drugs in paired interactions with non-aggressive males given water. Effects of chlordiazepoxide, diazepam, barbitone, chlorpromazine, imipramine, (+)-amphetamine, lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) all given orally and of intraperitoneal scopolamine were investigated.2 Scopolamine (0.25 and 0.75 mg/kg), (+)-amphetamine (0.25 and 1 mg/kg), chlorpromazine (2.5 mg/kg), diazepam (10 mg/kg) and chlordiazepoxide (50 mg/kg) reduced aggressive activities (attacks, aggressive unrest) without inhibiting walking across the cage or rearing in the aggressive mice. Thus, the inhibition of aggression induced by these drugs does not seem to be due to neuromuscular impairment and seems to this extent specific. On the other hand, imipramine lessened aggressive activities only at a dose (80 mg/kg) which also decreased walking across the cage and rearing. Barbitone or LSD did not change aggression at either dose tested (20 and 60 or 0.01 and 1 mg/kg, respectively). Aggressive activities were increased significantly only by chlordiazepoxide at a dose of 5 mg/kg.3 (+)-Amphetamine (0.25 mg/kg) and scopolamine (0.75 mg/kg) increased escapes and alert postures, respectively, in the aggressive mice.4 Diazepam and chlordiazepoxide decreased tail rattling at 1 and 5 mg/kg, respectively, doses 10 times lower than those inhibiting attacks. The other drugs tested inhibited tail rattling only at doses reducing attacks. Tail rattling appears to be a convenient measure for testing effects of drugs on behavioural conflict.5 Diazepam (5 and 10 mg/kg), chlordiazepoxide (20 and 50 mg/kg), barbitone (60 mg/kg) and scopolamine (0.25 and 0.75 mg/kg) increased sociable activities (sniffing, following partners and climbing over them) whereas (+)-amphetamine, chlorpromazine, imipramine and LSD did not. Effects of the drugs on sociable activities in aggressive mice seem to correlate with their action on punished responding and other types of suppressed behaviour.
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PMID:Effects of drugs on behaviour of aggressive mice. 57 Aug 66

A survey performed at 12 institutions showed that while the temperatures in the water tanks of mechanical cage washers were monitored, these temperatures deviated from the temperatures obtained on the items actually being washed. Most surveyed facilities were not meeting the 82.2 degrees C (180 degrees F) standard in the washing chamber. A temperature indicator was developed which revealed whether 82.2 degrees C had been reached at the surface of the items being sanitized. The indicator was a sealed glass ampule which produced a visible color change when exposed to temperatures of 82.2 degress C or higher. The indicator was located on the items being washed. Due to the variability of water heating in washing machines, it was recommended that one indicator be used in each load of equipment being sanitized.
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PMID:Development of an 82.2 degrees C (180 degrees F) temperature indicatior system for monitoring equipment washing and sanitizing programs. 58 59

The effect of various factors on the incidence of leg abnormalities, with particular reference to twisted leg, in broilers was studied. The incidence of twisted legs was influenced by strain and for males was twice that for females. There was also a higher incidence in cages than on litter with the type of cage floor having an effect: broilers reared on floors of metal wire and perforated sheets had more leg problems than those reared on plastic mats and plastic-covered wire. Although vitamin and mineral supplementation had no effect on caged broilers, a restriction of metabolisable energy (ME) intake during the first 14 d after hatching halved the frequency of leg abnormalities compared with those fed ad libitum. Studies of cage size and location of water suggested that a lack of exercise increases the incidence of leg abnormalities.
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PMID:Twisted legs in broilers. 67 59

Bilateral diaphragmatic paralysis was suspected in a patient presenting with hypercapnic respiratory failure who exhibited paradoxic (i.e., inward) abdominal movement on inspiration during tidal breathing in the supine posture; no paradoxic abdominal motion was observed at the bedside with the patient upright. Transdiaphragmatic pressure measurements established the diagnosis of diaphragmatic paralysis, although 20 cm H2O pressure developed across the diaphragm during the latter part of a forced expiration, presumably due to the development of passive tension in the diaphragm as it was stretched near residual volume. Analysis of the relative motion of the rib cage and abdomen during breathing by the use of magnetometers confirmed the presence of abdominal paradox throughout the breathing cycle when the patient was supine, and established that paradoxic motion of the abdomen also occurred when the patient was in the erect posture but only in the latter half of inspiration. Our findings confirm that the use of transdiaphragmatic pressure measurements and magnetometry will help to quantify diaphragmatic function, that passive tension develops in the paralyzed diaphragm near residual volume and should not be confused with active contraction, and that paradoxic motion of the abdomen may be masked from the clinician when the patient is erect.
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PMID:Bilateral diaphragmatic paralysis with hypercapnic respiratory failure. A physiologic assessment. 68 5

The fluorescence intensity of the catecholamine cell bodies of the A2 group--as determined by microfluorimetry--increased significantly due to exposure of the rats to the following environmental events: placement of a rat from the colony cage into a cold (4 degree C) room for a period of 10 min, isolation of a rat from the colony for 6--7 days, and satiation of gouped rats by allowing them access to sweetened milk for 15 min. The following events failed to affect the intensity of the cells of A2: reduction of the group colony size from eight to three rats per colony for 6--7 days and presentation of water instead of milk after the rats had experienced 6--7 days of milk satiation. These results indicate that aversive as well as rewarding environmental events activate the catecholamine cells of A2.
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PMID:Environmental events that modify the catecholamine fluorescence of the A2 cell bodies in nucleus tractus solitarii. 69 Feb 91

Rats were given daily sessions with free access to food and saccharin flavored water. After fluid consumption had stabilized food was delivered once every minute. Water was always available in the home cage. All rats showed the marked increase in fluid consumption known as schedule-induced polydipsia. The rats were then poisoned with lithium chloride after each of three sessions in an attempt to condition a taste aversion to the saccharin. On recovery from the toxicosis all rats showed first a reduction and then a recovery in saccharin intake. To establish the nature of this effect, the rats were poisoned after saccharin consumption in the home cage. Again there was a marked reduction in polydipsic drinking in the experimental chamber. These results indicate that common incentive mechanisms govern normal and polydipsic drinking and stand in contrast to published results pointing to different drive systems in the brain mediating normal and polydipsic drinking.
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PMID:Control of polydipsic drinking by a taste aversion procedure. 71 77

One of the critical issues confronting the evolving discipline of behavioral and neurological toxicology is the general lack of test validation in animal models. This paper seeks to provide a strategy aimed at resolving this important problem. It is proposed that test validation be accomplished by evaluating known neurotoxins in a battery of tests chosen to assess in animal models a wide range of effects on the basis of reported human toxicosis symptomatology. We propose to measure ongoing home cage motor activity, food consumption, water consumption, clay consumption (and the diurnal cycling of these), neurological/physiological indices (reflexes, autonomic signs, equilibrium/gait, balance, tremor, reactivity, and muscular strength), and aspects of cognitive and associative behavior involving both endogenous and exogenous (sensory) control of responding. An integrated, time-efficient scheme, covering 90 days of chemical treatment and 30 days of post-dosing recovery will be used. Chemical substances to be evaluated were chosen with the view of representing classes of neurotoxic effects. For initial study, triethyltin was chosen as an agent producing demyelination of nerves, acrylamide as an agent producing "dying-back" neuropathy, and methylmercury as an agent producing mixed central and peripheral neuropathies. Agents which attack specific loci in the nervous system and those producing anoxia will not be assessed in the first stages of this research due to lack of species generality of known effects, present lack of appropriate exposure facilities, or other problems. In addition, two drugs (amphetamine and sodium salicylate) will be investigated to support the generality of the testing procedures. By comparing the observed results of the neurotoxins in the animal models with the predicted effects based on reported human symptomatology, some decision concerning the validity of each procedure will be made. It is expected that the validation of tests to be used in behavioral and neurological toxicology will permit the meaningful assessment of more complex issues, such as the mechanisms by which neurotoxins act.
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PMID:Strategy for the assessment of neurobehavioral consequences of environmental factors. 72 Mar 19

Automatic drinking valves were mounted outside solid-flour cages, the guinea-pigs gaining access to them through holes in the cage walls. The animals were thus provided with a constant supply of clean water without the danger of their cages being flooded.
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PMID:A new guinea-pig watering system. 72 12

We have taken myelograms of six patients with grave post-tuberculous thoracic gibbus of the spine and gross deformity of the thoracic cage. Two of these patients suffered violent convulsions and fracture of the neck of the femur. In one patient the myelogram was taken with Conray Meglumine and in another with Dimer X. We suggest that a grave deformity of the thoracic cage is a relative contraindication for lumbar myelography with these water-soluble contrast media. We assume that the reduced tissue oxygenation in these patients results in a lower threshold for convulsions.
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PMID:A new relative contraindication for lumbar myelography. 74 17

Intravenous cannulation was performed on the brachial vein of the hen. The cannulation system consisted of a jacket that fitted around the body of the hen. An external sheath passed through the top of the cage, over a small pulley and was counter-weighted with lead. A subcutaneous polyethylene sheath was extended from the wing near the site of cannulation to the mid-point of the back between the wings and into the external sheath. Once the polyethylene cannula was inserted into and attached to the brachial vein, the free end was passed through the subcutaneous sheath, into and through the external sheath, and attached to a syringe or pump. No special post-cannulation care was necessary. The hens were housed in wire cages and received feed and water ad libitum. Twenty-four hens were continuously or intermittently infused for up to 73 days after cannulation.
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PMID:Intravenous cannulation of hens for long-term infusion. 75 Jul 35


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