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Query: UNIPROT:Q86TM3 (cage)
 29,987 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Possible structures adopted by bulk water are discussed with special reference to the possible presence of monomeric water and the detection of 'free' -OH groups. The way in which water tends to accommodate small hydrophobic molecules is considered, with particular reference to the clathrate theory and the phenomenon of 'structure making'. Cage-pairing and cage-sharing processes are described. Consideration of the way water solvates cations and anions is followed by a discussion of the way these solvated ions interact with the bulk medium. Large symmetrical alkylammonium ions probably encourage clathrate cage formation, at least at low temperatures. Particular reference is made to the use of infrared, Raman, ultraviolet, n.m.r. and e.s.r. spectroscopic techniques to the study of water and aqueous solutions.
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PMID:Water structure and hydration. 0 9

Clinical signs of acute respiratory disease of turkeys were transmitted to susceptible day-old poults by direct contact, litter contact, and drinking water. Attempts failed to transmit the disease by air (cage-to-cage) or by oral and nasal inoculation with feces, nasal exudates, or nasal turbinate extracts. The disease was not transmitted by inoculation with white blood cells. Chicks were not affected by the disease, but young quail developed signs of respiratory disease when exposed to contaminated drinking water. Thus, acute respiratory disease in turkeys appears to be of an infectious nature, and the infectious agent(s) probably exist in the heavily contaminated environment used to house young commercial turkey poults.
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PMID:Transmission of acute respiratory disease (rhinotracheitis) of turkeys. 22 51

Structures retaining many of the morphological features of nuclei may be released by lysing human cells in a non-ionic detergent and 2 M NaCl. Such nucleoids contain all the nuclear DNA packaged within a flexible cage of RNA and protein. HeLa nucleoids have been spread at an air-water interface and viewed in the electron microscope. A tangled network of superhelical fibres surrounds the collapsed cage. Irradiation with gamma-rays abolishes supercoiling and treatment with the untwisting enzyme or a low concentration of ethidium reduces it. A high concentration of ethidium induces supertwisting. The nuclear DNA of higher cells can be isolated naked, supercoiled and intact.
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PMID:Electron-microscopy of intact nuclear DNA from human cells. 23 Oct 42

The effects of 4 doses of angiotensin II, 0.4, 0.8, 1.2 and 1.6 mg/kg, injected subcutaneously on schedule dependent lever pressing and schedule induced drinking and licking were studied in rats who had recovered body weight under ad lib eating conditions. Prior to this experiment rats had been maintained at 80% body weight and were tested under the usual conditions producing schedule induced drinking. Animals were then returned to the home cage and allowed to recover body weight. Results were analyzed for both the first 15 min of the 1 hr session and for the total 1 hr session. Data indicate that all four doses decreased lever pressing during the first 15 min and for the total 1 hr session. The three highest doses produced increased licking during the first 15 min. Only the highest dose augmented licking throughout the total 1 hr session. Water intakes were significantly increased by the three highest doses only during the first 15 min of the session. Peripheral effects of angiotensin II were discussed and a central pharmacological action on drinking was suggested.
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PMID:Effects of angiotensin II on schedule dependent and induced behavior at recovered body weight. 26 53

The effects of sustained constriction of the rib cage (RCC), constriction of the abdomen (AC) and of breathing against a positive pressure of 10 cms of water (PPB) were studied in four normal subjects with moderate constant hypercapnia. Intercostal electrical activity (Eic) was measured by implanted wire electrodes and diaphragmatic electrical activity (Edia) by oesophageal electrodes. There was no fixed relation between Edia and VT. VT was unaltered during AC and RCC: Edia was unaltered during AC but increased during RCC. The response to PPB without constriction varied: three subjects increased end-expiratory VL with increase in Edia and inspiratory Eic. One subject initially, and one subject after training, maintained end-expiratory VL constant with no change in Edia and an increase in expiratory Eic. When PPB was applied during AC and RCC there was an increase in Edia proportional to end-expiratory lung volume. The overall response to distortion was determined by voluntary choice, but muscle electrical activity reflected chest wall configuration: when the diaphragm was shorter and at a mechanical disadvantage its electrical activity increased. This was compatible with a reflex with afferent information from diaphragm tendon organ and muscle spindle receptors.
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PMID:Muscle activity during chest wall restriction and positive pressure breathing in man. 36 29

PCB translocation from soil into a plant through its roots was investigated by a method of culture of soybean sprouts on sand contaminated with Aroclor 1242 or 1254. A preliminary culture was carried out on clean sand in a cage with small holes in the bottom and then followed by a main culture on contaminated sand after the preliminary culture cage was placed upon a box filled with the contaminated sand. Consequently, roots of soybean sprouts were allowed to penetrate through the holes at the botton of the upper cage into the contaminated sand. Rates of transference of PCBs were found to be different among chlorobiphenyl isomers; low chlorobiphenyls were much more preferentially absorbed by sprouts that were the high chlorobiphenyls. This seemed to depend mostly on different water solubilities of the isomers and probably not on selective absorption of the isomers by sprouts. The usefulness of the method employed of the two-steps sprout culture on doubly layered soil, in investigations of translocation mechanisms of toxic chemicals in a soil-plant ecosystem, is also discussed.
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PMID:Translocation of polychlorobiphenyls in soil into plants: a study by a method of culture of soybean sprouts. 40 32

It was demonstrated that mice treated with urine from pregnant or lactating females experienced longer periods of oestrus than did mice treated with water or urine from singly caged females. Application of urine by means of perforated capsules placed in the cage of the test mouse showed that the factor(s) responsible for the longer periods of oestrus was an airborne pheromone. The females experiencing longer oestrous periods ovulated (ova in oviducts), became pregnant and gave birth.
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PMID:Effects of urine from pregnant and lactating female house mice on oestrous cycles of adult females. 43 63

The effects of schedule-induced polydipsia (SIP) on pituitary-adrenal activity, as indicated by plasma levels of corticosterone, were examined in a series of experiments. Male (Experiments 1 and 3) and female (Experiment 2) rats were reduced to 80% of their free-feeding weight and given daily sessions on an intermittent-feeding schedule (fixed time of 60 sec). Half of the subjects in each experiment had water available during experimental sessions and the other half did not. Animals with water available in the experimental chamber exhibited SIP in all three experiments. In Experiment 1, blood samples were collected following (a) food consumption in the home cage, (b) a session on FT 60 sec, and (c) a session with pellets available in a cup in the experimental chamber. In Experiment 2, blood samples were taken prior to and following an FT 60-sec session, and following a session with pellets available in a cup in the chamber. In Experiment 3, pre- and postsession samples were obtained as in Experiment 2 (Part A). Subsequently, the opportunity to drink during sessions was removed, and the effect on corticoids was examined (Part B). The results indicate that (a) schedule-induced drinking suppresses pituitary-adrenal activity, (b) corticoid suppression may become a conditioned response to drinking in the chamber, and (c) corticoids return to presession levels following removal of water from the chamber. In view of these findings, it is hypothesized that SIP may serve an arousal-reducing role in intermittent-feeding situations.
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PMID:Schedule-induced polydipsia suppresses pituitary-adrenal activity in rats. 51 2

A new construction of individual metabolism cage for small laboratory animals with recording devices for registration of feeding and drinking behaviours is described. Using this metabolism cage, the method is elaborated with the following advantages: 1. Simultaneous studying of food and water intake and renal excretory function; 2. Twenty-four hour registration of feeding and drinking for investigation of their circadian rhythms and their efficiency as behavioural acts; 3. Collection of urine samples non-contaminated with food and faeces. The metabolism cage and recording devices are inexpensive, easy to prepare and to handle.
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PMID:Method for simultaneous investigation of feeding and drinking behaviours and renal excretory function in small animals. 54 14

Male rats (N = 27) were given initial experience with escapable shock, equivalent amounts of inescapable shock, or no shock. Measures were then obtained in the ensuing 15 hours on food intake, water intake, number of cage crossings, and weight change for all groups. Following this, animals were tested on an escape task. Inescapably shocked animals showed significant decreases in food and water consumption in comparison to both nonshocked and escapably shocked control rats. Weight gains were significantly decreased by exposure to shock irrespective of the availability of a coping response. Consistency of these findings with proposals suggesting that exposure to inescapable shock leads to a state of animal depression (learned helplessness) is discussed and compared to alternative stress explanations.
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PMID:The applicability of inescapable shock as a source of animal depression. 55 62


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