Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:Q86TM3 (cage)
 29,987 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

NMR and ESR spectroscopies have been used to examine the plasma protease inhibitor pregnancy zone protein (PZP) and its complex with chymotrypsin. The 1H NMR spectrum of PZP shows relatively few sharp resonances, which, by analogy with human alpha 2-macroglobulin, probably arise from the proteolytically sensitive bait region. Upon reaction with chymotrypsin to form a 1:1 protease.PZP tetramer complex, there is a large increase in the intensity of sharp resonances due to an increase in mobility of these residues. 35Cl NMR has been used to follow binding of zinc and manganese to apo-PZP. Zinc binding causes a linear broadening of the bulk Cl-, consistent with access of Cl- to PZP-bound zinc. Since zinc in the two highest affinity sites in human alpha 2-macroglobulin causes no broadening of Cl-, it is concluded that these zinc sites are absent from PZP. The mobility of chymotrypsin in the PZP.chymotrypsin complex was examined by covalently attaching a nitroxide spin label at the serine residue in the active site of the enzyme and examining the appearance of the ESR spectrum. The chymotrypsin is rigidly held by the PZP to which it is covalently bound. In an analogous experiment performed previously on alpha 2-macroglobulin, chymotrypsin, bound in the presence of methylamine and therefore largely noncovalently bound, was found to be free to rotate inside the cage formed by the protease inhibitor.
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PMID:NMR and ESR studies on human pregnancy zone protein. Comparison with human alpha 2-macroglobulin. 169 19

Pregnant dams were fed a 20% protein diet with caffeine (2 mg/100 g b.wt.), starting on day 9 of gestation. At birth, each dam with 8 assigned pups was fed this diet until weaning, day 22. On day 22, female rats were caged and fed this diet until day 93. Starting on day 93, the caffeine-supplemented diet was replaced with a caffeine-free, 20% protein diet until day 388. Starting on day 31, each animal was placed in a photoactivity cage, and locomotive activity was measured until day 375. On day 388, the animals were killed, and their brains were removed and divided into 7 regions. The weight, DNA, protein and zinc contents, and alkaline phosphatase activity of each region were determined. Locomotive activity of the caffeine-fed group was higher than in the noncaffeine control group. Accumulative activity scores showed 3 subgroups (high, medium, and low) in both groups at day 93. The medium activity subgroup in the caffeine group was greater than the controls from day 72 to day 93. These differences reappeared 5 weeks after cessation of caffeine supplementation and continued until day 375. The differences in activity were minimum in the high and low subgroups. Chronic caffeine intake in early life permanently affected the medium activity subgroup. Furthermore, various regions of the brain were biochemically altered in spite of the feeding of a noncaffeine diet for almost 300 days after caffeine.
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PMID:Lasting effects of early chronic caffeine feeding on rats' behavior and brain in later life. 188 76

The effect of zinc oxide on S. aureus (209 P) was studied in steel net tissue cages implanted subcutaneously in guinea pigs and rabbits. Zinc oxide installed in the tissue cages created high, sustained concentrations of zinc in the cage fluid throughout the study. In a concentration of 22 mmol/l zinc oxide reduced viable counts in tissue cage fluid inoculated with S. aureus. No deleterious effect was observed on polymorphonuclear cell function.
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PMID:The effect of zinc oxide on Staphylococcus aureus and polymorphonuclear cells in a tissue cage model. 238 20

EDTA-fluorocarbon microspheres (EDTAFM), calcium disodium ethylene diaminetetraacetate (CaNa2EDTA), calcium- or zinc-diethylene triamine pentaacetate (Ca- or Zn-DTPA) were investigated for their ability to treat experimental lead intoxication in mice. The 48 ICR mice were divided into six groups. Group I = no treatment; The other groups were injected with single ip doses of 210Pb (10 mg Pb2+ +555 kBq/kg). After 24 h they were injected in the tail vein with the chelating agents (20 mg/kg) or an equal volume of 10% glucose (10 mg/kg). Each mouse was housed in one metabolic cage, and urine was collected daily for 3 d. After 3 d, the mice were sacrificed for comparison of lead distribution within the liver, kidney, femur and the entire carcass as measured by 0.047 Mev gamma emission from 210Pb. The results reveal that injection of EDTA-FM to lead poisoned mice pretreated with 210Pb was more effective than Zn- or Ca-DTPA and CaNa2EDTA in reducing the lead induced inhibition in the activity of blood ALAD, and that it increased the excretion of 210Pb into the urine. The hepatic, renal and femur 210Pb contents after treatment with EDTAFM were much more decreased than Zn- or Ca-DTPA and CaNa2-EDTA. The order of effectiveness was EDTAFM greater than Zn-DTPA greater than Ca-DTPA greater than CaNa2-EDTA.
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PMID:[Scavenging effect of EDTA-fluorocarbon microspheres on 210lead]. 251 47

A series of trials was conducted to determine if adding a Lactobacillus fermentation product (LAC) to the feed of laying hens would improve their production performance. Feeding a liquid, nonviable LAC product to either cage or floor housed laying hens did not improve hen-day egg production, feed efficiency, nor egg size during a 48 week experimental period. Laying hens fed a dried, nonviable LAC product did not show any improvement in hen-day egg production nor feed efficiency compared with laying hens fed no LAC or zinc bacitracin. Addition of a viable LAC product to ratios of differing protein levels did not improve hen-day egg production, livability, or egg size of laying hens.
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PMID:Production performance of White Leghorn layers fed lactobacillus fermentation products. 360 58

Nulliparous female Sprague-Dawley rats, cannulated in the left lateral ventricle, were ovariectomized and estrogen primed, then either rendered anosmic via intranasal irrigation with zinc sulfate or left with intact olfaction. Forty-eight hr later, after a 2-hr habituation to the test cage, these animals were injected with either intracerebroventricular oxytocin (400 ng in 2 microliter saline) or saline (2 microliter). Only the group receiving both zinc sulfate and oxytocin became maternal. Additionally, approximately one third of the olfaction-intact rats and none of the anosmic rats cannibalized the rat pups. These results are discussed in regard to discrepancies in the literature regarding oxytocin's role in inducing maternal behavior, as well as the functional connection of the olfactory and oxytocin systems.
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PMID:The ability of oxytocin to induce short latency maternal behavior is dependent on peripheral anosmia. 360 16

It has been suggested that the monokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF) (cachectin) is responsible for metabolic abnormalities frequently accompanying malignant neoplasms. The acute metabolic effects of TNF in patients with cancer were studied. Subcutaneous administration of recombinant human TNF led to a rise in the C-reactive protein level (4.4 +/- 1.2 mg/dL vs 11.6 +/- 1.8 mg/dL) and a reduction in the serum zinc level (12.9 +/- 0.8 mumol/L vs 7.3 +/- 0.8 mumol/L [79 +/- 5 mg/dL vs 48 +/- 5 mg/dL]) (values are the mean +/- SEM). Forearm efflux of total amino acids more than doubled after intravenous TNF injection, principally because of increases in release of the gluconeogenic amino acids alanine and glutamine. Concomitantly, the arterial levels of alanine, glutamine, and total amino acids fell, indicating that TNF also stimulated the uptake of amino acids by other tissues. The observed amino acid pattern cannot be explained solely on the basis of measured changes in cortisol, glucagon, or insulin levels. These findings are discussed in relation to known alterations of amino acid metabolism in cancer-associated cachexia.
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PMID:The acute metabolic effects of tumor necrosis factor administration in humans. 368 16

It has been suggested that age changes in the morphology of the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) may reflect altered physical activity levels rather than the unique effects of ageing. Additionally, previous studies have indicated that the structure of the NMJ may be modulated with exercise. To investigate these questions, quantitative morphometry was determined on soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) nerve terminals stained with zinc iodide-osmium from C57BL/6NNia mice under control and endurance exercised conditions at 12, 18 and 24 months of age. As previously observed, the area, perimeter, extent length and branch number of nerve terminals increased with age in both soleus and EDL. The changes were similar between the muscle types, although the changes were more pronounced in the phasic EDL. In 12-month-old animals, 2 months of endurance exercise resulted in significantly larger nerve terminals in both soleus and EDL, suggesting a functional adaptation. Exercised 18- and 24-month-old nerve terminals were smaller than corresponding controls, which indicated that exercise minimized or prevented further age-related nerve terminal elaboration. At all ages the exercised nerve terminals comprised a more homogeneous population than corresponding controls, which indicates that uniform physical activity can modulate NMJ morphometry. The magnitude of the changes suggests that subtle alterations in normal cage activity with advancing age do not have a significant effect on the morphology of nerve terminals. However, the morphology of the NMJ does change significantly in response to physical exercise training.
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PMID:Effects of endurance exercise on the morphology of mouse neuromuscular junctions during ageing. 369 34

Behavior, physiology, health, egg production, and egg quality characteristics of laying hens housed either 1/1394-cm2 cage (S), 2/1394-cm2 cage (HD), 2/2788-cm2 cage (LD), or in floor pens (P), each containing 25 hens, were monitored in order to assess hen welfare in different management systems. Egg production was highest in P and S hens. There were no differences among treatment groups in feed efficiency, egg weight, or egg taste, although egg shell breaking strengths were lower in HD hens despite their relatively low egg production. Blood spots were most common in eggs from caged hens. With respect to behavior, penned hens locomoted more, spent less time in stationary exploration than caged birds, and utilized nest boxes for activities in addition to egg laying. The HD hens fed less frequently than did the LD, and HD cage pairs engaged less frequently in simultaneous feeding, drinking, and resting behavior than LD pairs. Plasma corticosterone levels were initially found to be higher in pens than cages; this difference disappeared when the use of trap-nesting to capture P birds for sampling was discontinued. Nighttime corticosterone levels were higher in HD hens. In contrast, primary and secondary hemagglutination titers to sheep erythrocyte (SRBC) antigen, heterophil to lymphocyte ratios, hepatic zinc metallothionein, serum zinc, and body weights did not differ among treatments. Mortality, however, was lower in pens. It was concluded that, although there were striking dissimilarities in behavior between the pen and cage environments, physiological and production data did not provide evidence of stress associated with cage housing per se. High density caging, however, may be a stressor; this is discussed with reference to other research.
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PMID:Effects of cage and floor pen management on behavior, production, and physiological stress responses of laying hens. 373 15

The effect of floor types on the incidence of feather follicle infection and breast blisters in caged broilers was investigated in two trials. Broilers were reared on corn-soybean meal diets with warm-room brooding. Floor types included litter (control), wire, wire covered with various types of plastic mats, and wire woven with surgical tubing. In trial 1, the effect of a coccidiostat (Monensin, 120 mg/kg of feed) was investigated for broilers not on litter, and in trial 2, the effect of supplemental zinc was investigated. Broilers were processed in the laboratory processing plant when they were 51 (trial 1) and 53 days old (trial 2). Carcasses were evaluated for the occurrence of fleshing downgrades, crooked keels, feather follicle infection, and breast blisters. Incidence of feather follicle infection was low for broilers on litter or wire floor and high for broiler reared on plastic mats. Breast blisters incidence was low for broilers on litter and plastic mats and was high for broilers on the wire floor. Overall carcass quality for litter (control) was superior to any of the cage treatments. Neither the coccidiostat nor supplemental zinc affected the incidence of breast blisters or feather follicle infection.
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PMID:The effect of floor type on the development of breast blisters and feather follicle infections in broilers. 708 89


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