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Query: UNIPROT:Q86TM3 (cage)
 29,987 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The precise vascular territory and the variations of the acromio-thoracic axis were investigated in a series of 60 fresh cadavers and 50 formalin fixed specimens using dissection, ink injection and barium radiographic studies. The sternocostal portion and the clavicular head of the pectoralis major were found to have virtually independent vascular and nerve supplies. The pectoral artery supplied the former, whereas the deltoid artery nourished the latter. The dominant supply from the pectoral artery to the rib cage was found to enter around the fourth rib in the mid clavicular line. This supply is associated with a previously undescribed origin of the pectoralis major muscle in this region. The supply to the sternum was determined as indirect via the captured territory of the internal mammary system. The dominant supply to the skin from the pectoral artery arose laterally along the free lower border of the muscle as fasciocutaneous branches. The deltoid artery supplies the skin over the shoulder by numerous small branches which emerge from the intramuscular septa of the deltoid muscle. In addition a large axial artery was noted. In most cases this arose from the deltoid artery or its acromial branch and coursed laterally. It is noteworthy that the majority of skin paddles of the pectoralis major myocutaneous flap currently used in clinical practice are designed medially and inferiorly around the perimeter of the muscle and onto the rectus sheath. In these situations such flaps are not supplied directly by the pectoral artery. In fact, they are supplied indirectly by cutaneous branches belonging to the internal mammary/superior epigastric system which are captured by arterial connections with the pectoral artery. These occur predominantly in the pectoralis major muscle. Suggestions, based on these anatomical studies, are offered to improve the versatility and safety of flaps designed in this area.
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PMID:The vascular territory of the acromiothoracic axis. 620 Dec 24

Porous materials resembling zeolites that are composed of organic and inorganic building units were synthesized and characterized. Control of pore and channel size was achieved by using different-sized cations. The metal-assembled, anionic cage molecule, Co(4)1(2)(8-), with a hydrophobic cavity and four carboxylate rich arms, was used as a structural unit for the formation of materials with pores and channels. When assembled into a solid material with dications (Mg(2+), Ca(2+), Sr(2+), and Ba(2+)), Co(4)1(2)(8-) arranges into sheets of cages linked together by cations. The series of materials based on Co(4)1(2)(8-) and containing alkaline earth cations was characterized using X-ray crystallography. The magnesium material packs with cages close together, has small channels, and has cation-carboxylate linkages in three dimensions. The calcium material has cages packed with voids between them and has 5 x 10 A channels and 10 x 21 A pores. The strontium and barium materials also pack with voids between the cages and similarly to each other. They have 11 x 13 A and 11 x 11 A channels and 10 x 27 A and 9 x 27 A pores, respectively. Each of these materials has many (20-50) solvent water molecules associated with each cage. The associated water can be removed from and adsorbed by the materials. The heat of water binding has been measured to be -52 kJ/mol (Mg(4)Co(4)1(2)); -47 kJ/mol (Ca(4)Co(4)1(2)); -48 kJ/mol (Sr(4)Co(4)1(2)); -49 kJ/mol (Ba(4)Co(4)1(2)).
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PMID:Cation control of pore and channel size in cage-based metal-organic porous materials. 1184 84

Gastrointestinal contrast studies were performed in six clinically healthy blue-fronted Amazon parrots (Amazona aestiva) using radiography and image-intensified fluoroscopy. During examination, the birds were confined in a perspex cage. The quality of the lateral radiographs was adequate for assessment of the contrast medium-filled gastrointestinal tract. Thirty minutes after administration of 20 mL/kg of a 25% barium sulphate suspension directly in the crop, in all birds the ventriculus was totally outlined by barium. After 60 min, the small intestine was filled in five of six birds. After 180 min, the crop was empty in all birds. The barium-outlined ventriculus had differences in shape on radiographs of individual birds and also between birds. The colon and cloaca had further filling after 120 to 300 min. With image-intensified fluoroscopy, gastrointestinal motility was evaluated. Contractions of the crop were seen, and boluses of contrast medium passing through the esophagus toward the proventriculus were easily identified. Proventricular contractions were rarely noted, but ventriculus motility was present and clearly defined. The ventriculus had a mean of 3.7 contraction cycles/min. In the duodenum and small intestine, rapid antegrade and retrograde peristaltic movements in combination with segmental contractions were seen. In the colon, occasionally very slow peristaltic activity, mainly of segmental nature, was present. During the examinations, no defeacation was recorded. Confinement in a small perspex cage provides an adequate and handy radiological set-up for evaluation of gastrointestinal passage and motility in birds, minimizing the influences of stress and anesthesia.
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PMID:Radiography and image-intensified fluoroscopy of barium passage through the gastrointestinal tract in six healthy Amazon parrots (Amazona aestiva). 1262 49

Formation of intramolecular tetraplex structures by the thrombin-binding DNA aptamer (TBA) in the presence of K(+), Pb(2+), Ba(2+), Sr(2+) and Mn(2+) has been studied by vibrational spectroscopy. All tetraplex structures contain G-G Hoogsteen type base pairing, both C2'endo/anti and C2'endo/syn deoxyguanosine glycosidic conformations and local B like form DNA phosphate geometries. Addition of Pb(2+) ions modifies the structure by interacting at the level of the guanine carbonyl groups. The very important downshift of the guanine C6=O6 carbonyl vibration mode in the TBA spectrum induced by the addition of one Pb(2+) ion per TBA molecule is in agreement with a localization of the metal ion between both guanine quartets. FTIR melting experiments show an important stabilization of the tetraplex structure upon addition of Pb(2+) ions (DeltaT = 15 degrees C). This strong interaction of lead cations may be correlated with a change in the geometry of the cage formed by the two guanine quartets. A similar but weaker effect is observed for barium and strontium cations.
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PMID:Tetraplex structure formation in the thrombin-binding DNA aptamer by metal cations measured by vibrational spectroscopy. 1547 10

The title compound has been produced by using the radio frequency (RF) method. Barium and carbon were evaporated simultaneously under dynamic flow of helium at different temperatures. About 0.5 mg of pure Ba@C(74) was isolated via a three-step high-pressure liquid chromatography separation. For the first time, the structure of a monometallofullerene has been analyzed by means of single-crystal synchrotron diffraction on microcrystals of Ba@C(74).Co(OEP).2C(6)H(6) (Co(II)(OEP): cobalt(II) octaethylporphyrin) at 100 K. The monometallofullerene exhibits a high degree of localization of the endohedral metal ion, with just two split positions for Ba and two orientations of the C(74)-cage. The barium atom is localized inside the C(74)-cage and displaced off-center, toward the Co(OEP) molecule (d approximately 127 pm). The shortest Ba-C distance is 265 pm. The Co(OEP) molecules form dimers in which the coordination of the cobalt is (4 + 1). Due to the all-syn conformation of the ethyl groups, each Co(OEP) molecule of the dimer coordinates one C(74)-fullerene. The units (Ba@C(74))[Co(OEP)](2)(Ba@C(74)) are arranged in a distorted primitive hexagonal packing. The free space between these complex units is filled by benzene molecules of crystallization. The Ba L(III) XANES spectrum of a thin film sample of Ba@C(74) exhibits a pronounced double maximum structure at about E = 5275 eV. The comparison of the shape resonances of the experimental data with simulated XANES spectra, based on different exo- and endohedral structure models, confirm that the Ba atom is located inside the C(74)-cage (D(3)(h)()) in an off-center position. The Ba atom is shifted by about 130-150 pm from the geometric center of the C(74)-cage. This is in good agreement with quantum chemical results. Thus, despite the disorder still present, a consistent and conclusive structure model for the title compound has been derived by employing a combination of X-ray diffraction, XANES spectroscopy, and quantum chemical calculations.
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PMID:The structure of Ba@C74. 1552 62

The ionic hexanuclear cluster aggregate [FeII6(mu3-OH)6]6+ has been synthesised using hydrothermal conditions starting from ferrous oxalate in the presence of barium and bromide or iodide ions. A single crystal X-ray structure on the compound Ba4[FeII6(mu3-OH)6(C2O4)6]Br2.6H2O shows that the [FeII6(mu3-OH)6]6+ units are held together by bridging oxalates in a pseudo-cubic close-packed array. The barium ions in conjunction with oxalate groups provide a barrel-shaped cage between the FeII6 aggregates containing the bromide counterions and lattice waters and corresponding to an 'octahedral hole' in the pseudo-cubic close-packed structure. A magnetic susceptibility study shows that the FeII centres are antiferromagnetically coupled. Below 10 K the system displays a long range antiferromagnetic ordering mediated by the oxalate bridges and a molecular-based description of the magnetism is no longer valid.
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PMID:Crystal structure and magnetic properties of a pseudo-cubic close-packed array of oxalate linked {FeII6(mu3-OH)6}6+ clusters. 1582 75

Chromatin modification complexes are key gene regulatory factors which posttranslationally modify the histone component of chromatin with epigenetic marks. To address what features of chromatin modification complexes are responsible for the specific recognition of nucleosomes compared to naked histones, we have performed a functional dissection of the Esa1-containing Saccharomyces cerevisiae Piccolo NuA4 histone acetyltransferase complex. Our studies define the Piccolo determinants sufficient to assemble its three subunits into a complex as well as Piccolo determinants sufficient to specifically acetylate a chromatin template. We find that the conserved Enhancer of Polycomb A (EPcA) homology region of the Epl1 component and the N-terminal 165 amino acids of the Yng2 component of Piccolo are sufficient with Esa1 to specifically act on nucleosomes. We also find that the Esa1 chromodomain plays a critical role in Piccolo's ability to distinguish between histones and nucleosomes. In particular, specific point mutations in the chromodomain putative hydrophobic cage which strongly hinder growth in yeast greatly reduce histone acetyltransferase activity on nucleosome substrates, independent of histone methylation or other modifications. However, the chromodomain is not required for Piccolo to bind to nucleosomes, suggesting a role for the chromodomain in a catalysis step after nucleosome binding.
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PMID:The Saccharomyces cerevisiae Piccolo NuA4 histone acetyltransferase complex requires the Enhancer of Polycomb A domain and chromodomain to acetylate nucleosomes. 1596 9

Comprehensive single-crystal structural investigations of n- and p-type Ba8Ga16Ge30 have been carried out using multitemperature neutron and conventional X-ray diffraction as well as resonant synchrotron X-ray diffraction. The data show that the guest atom positions and dynamics are very similar in the two structures, although the barium atoms are slightly more displaced from the cage centers in the p-type structure than in the n-type structure (Deltad = 0.025 A). For both structures Fourier difference maps calculated from very high-resolution neutron diffraction data (sin theta/lambda > 2 A-1) show that the Ba nuclear density at lowest temperatures (15 K) is distributed in a torus around the crystallographic 6d site with maxima in the 24j positions. At room temperature the maxima have shifted to the 24k position. Analysis of atomic displacement parameters give Einstein temperatures of approximately 60(1) K for both structures. Thus, the fundamental difference in the low temperature thermal conductivity observed for p- and n-type Ba8Ga16Ge30 appear not to be directly related to the guest atom behavior as is commonly assumed in thermoelectric research. The neutron data and the resonant synchrotron X-ray data facilitate refinement of Ga/Ge framework occupancies. The Ga atoms have a clear preference for the 6c site with the preference being somewhat stronger for the n-type structure.
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PMID:Crystal structures of thermoelectric n- and p-type Ba8Ga16Ge30 studied by single crystal, multitemperature, neutron diffraction, conventional X-ray diffraction and resonant synchrotron X-ray diffraction. 1714 75

Treatment of an alkaline earth metal (Ca, Sr, Ba) with 2,4,6-trimethylphenol (HOmes) at elevated temperatures in the presence of mercury under solvent-free conditions, followed by extraction of the reaction mixture with 1,2-dimethoxyethane (dme), afforded dinuclear alkaline earth aryloxo complexes [Ae2(Omes)4(dme)4] (Ae = Ca 1, Sr 3, Ba 6). Extraction of the Ca metal and HOmes reaction mixture with thf afforded [Ca3(Omes)6(thf)] 2. In contrast, redox transmetallation ligand exchange reactions between an alkaline earth metal, diphenylmercury and HOmes in dme yielded solely 1 for Ca metal, a mixture of 3 and the methoxide bridged cage [Sr5(Omes)5(OMe)5(dme)4] x 2dme 4 for Sr metal, and solely [Ba5(Omes)5(OMe)5(dme)4] x dme 7 for Ba metal. The methoxide ligands originate from the C-O activation of the dme solvent. Treatment of liquid ammonia activated Sr or Ba metal with HOmes in thf afforded the linear species [Ae3(Omes)6(thf)6] (Ae = Sr 5, Ba 8), and 8 was also obtained from barium metal and HOmes in refluxing thf. The structures of 1 and 3, determined by X-ray crystallography, consist of two six coordinate Ae metal atoms, to each of which is bound a terminal aryloxide ligand, two bridging aryloxide ligands, and chelating and unidentate dme ligands. The structures of 4 and 7 contain five Ae metal atoms arranged on the vertices of a distorted square based pyramid. The Ae atoms are linked by four mu3-OMe ligands and a mu4-OMe ligand. Four bridging aryloxide ligands and four chelating dme ligands complete the coordination spheres of the four seven coordinate Ae atoms at the base of the pyramid, and a terminal aryloxide ligand is bound to the five coordinate apical Ae atom. The structures of 5 and 8 consist of a trinuclear linear array of Ae metal atoms, and contain solely bridging aryloxide ligands. Three thf ligands are bound to each terminal Ae atom, giving all Ae atoms a coordination number of six.
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PMID:Metal based synthetic routes to heavy alkaline earth aryloxo complexes involving ligands of moderate steric bulk. 1966 79

Compounds with cage-like structures of elemental silicon and carbon are comparatively reviewed. Barium containing silicon clathrate compounds isomorphous with type I gas hydrates were prepared using high pressure and high temperature (HPHT) conditions, and found to become superconductors. The application of HPHT conditions to Zintl binary silicides have produced a number of silicon-rich cage-like structures including new clathrate structures; most of them are superconductors. Carbon analogs of silicon clathrates can be prepared by 3D polymerization of C(60) under HPHT conditions, which are new allotropes of carbon with expanded framework structures. The crystal chemistry and characteristic properties of some related compounds are also reviewed.
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PMID:Silicon clathrates and carbon analogs: high pressure synthesis, structure, and superconductivity. 2014 1


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