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Query: UNIPROT:Q86TM3 (cage)
 29,987 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A swivel-tethering and jacket system was used in conjunction with vinyl patch electrodes and Holter recorders to obtain continuous ECG recordings in 12 rhesus monkeys on a long-term (12 day) study. Animals were custom-fitted with nylon mesh jackets that were connected to a swivel unit by a flexible, stainless steel tether. Lead wires from the chest electrodes passed through the tether to the electrical swivel apparatus located at the top of the cage. Wires from the upper part of the swivel were attached to a reel-to-reel Holter recorder. This technique was used to obtain 24-h continuous ECG recordings, which were later processed using a computer-assisted Holter analysis system.
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PMID:Ambulatory electrocardiography (Holter monitoring) in caged monkeys. 201 Sep 71

EDTA-fluorocarbon microspheres (EDTAFM), calcium disodium ethylene diaminetetraacetate (CaNa2EDTA), calcium- or zinc-diethylene triamine pentaacetate (Ca- or Zn-DTPA) were investigated for their ability to treat experimental lead intoxication in mice. The 48 ICR mice were divided into six groups. Group I = no treatment; The other groups were injected with single ip doses of 210Pb (10 mg Pb2+ +555 kBq/kg). After 24 h they were injected in the tail vein with the chelating agents (20 mg/kg) or an equal volume of 10% glucose (10 mg/kg). Each mouse was housed in one metabolic cage, and urine was collected daily for 3 d. After 3 d, the mice were sacrificed for comparison of lead distribution within the liver, kidney, femur and the entire carcass as measured by 0.047 Mev gamma emission from 210Pb. The results reveal that injection of EDTA-FM to lead poisoned mice pretreated with 210Pb was more effective than Zn- or Ca-DTPA and CaNa2EDTA in reducing the lead induced inhibition in the activity of blood ALAD, and that it increased the excretion of 210Pb into the urine. The hepatic, renal and femur 210Pb contents after treatment with EDTAFM were much more decreased than Zn- or Ca-DTPA and CaNa2-EDTA. The order of effectiveness was EDTAFM greater than Zn-DTPA greater than Ca-DTPA greater than CaNa2-EDTA.
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PMID:[Scavenging effect of EDTA-fluorocarbon microspheres on 210lead]. 251 47

Rats were exposed ad libitum to a diet containing either 500 ppm lead (Group Lead-Diet) or a control diet with no added lead (Group Control-Diet). On Day 60 both groups were presented with a 15% ethanol solution (nonchoice test) in the home cage for five days prior to placement on a choice test that presented animals with a 10% ethanol solution and tap water. Concurrently with the choice test in the home cage, animals were placed in operant chambers for one hr (pre-avoidance) prior to a 30 min free operant avoidance session (avoidance) and remained there for one hr (post-avoidance) after training. Throughout avoidance training, the choice test was conducted in the chamber as well as the home cage. In addition to evidence of greater ethanol consumption by Group Lead-Diet rats, the results showed that these animals lever pressed more frequently, but not more efficiently, than Group Control-Diet animals.
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PMID:Ethanol consumption and free operant avoidance performance following exposure to dietary lead. 344 19

Lead exposure during pregnancy and lactation is known to result in various neurochemical and behavioral disturbances. Dithiocarbamates are known to markedly increase lead levels in the brain. However, the neurotoxicity due to combined treatment with lead and dithiocarbamates is not known. Behavioral and neurochemical effects of lead and disulfiram (tetraethylthiuram disulfide) given singly or in combination, were studied in rats. Pregnant rats were treated with lead (0.25% Pb in the drinking water), with disulfiram (0.1 mmol/kg PO twice a week) or with both lead and disulfiram from day 1 of pregnancy until parturition. After parturition the offspring were exposed to lead via the milk of the dams while the disulfiram (0.1 mmol/kg SC twice a week) was given directly to the offspring. At weaning, 26 days after parturition, the treatment was discontinued and after 2 more weeks behavioral and neurochemical studies were started. Neither lead alone nor disulfiram alone caused any significant effects in the behavior activity measurements. However, in combination the two compounds caused an increase in home cage activity and an increased behavioral reactivity as measured in a holeboard apparatus. Extracellular levels of some neurotransmitters and amino acids were measured in the caudate nucleus using the intracerebral dialysis technique. The levels of dopamine were significantly increased in both the lead-treated and the lead plus disulfiram-treated groups. The levels of the metabolites of dopamine (DOPAC and HVA) and serotonin (5-HIAA) were increased in the group treated with lead plus disulfiram.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Behavioral and neurochemical effects after combined perinatal treatment of rats with lead and disulfiram. 378 22

Nursery-reared rhesus monkeys were treated with no (n = 4) or moderate levels of lead (n = 4) during the first postnatal year. Mean blood lead levels peaked at 55 micrograms/dl at 5 weeks of age, averaged 36 micrograms/dl for the remainder of the first year postpartum, and declined to < or = 5 micrograms/dl for the 4 monkeys by 2.3 years of age. Previously, the lead-treated monkeys exhibited increased environmental exploration and decreased inactivity in a nonhuman primate version of the open field when tested at 4, 5, and 6 years of age (5,6). The current study was designed to assess behavior in the home cage of these monkeys at 6 years of age to determine: (a) whether the increased exploration was specific to the open field, and (b) any lead-related behavioral alterations specific to the home cage. Each monkey was observed twice weekly for 10 weeks and the duration and frequency of 17 behaviors were recorded. Lead treatment did not result in significant alterations in any of the six behaviors which occurred with enough frequency to warrant analysis. As a whole, all monkeys were either inactive or engaged in self-grooming for a large proportion of the test session. Less frequent were behaviors such as locomotion, environmental exploration, and self-directed behaviors. The distribution of behavioral activities in the home cage differed from that in the open field. Potential reasons for the expression of significant lead-related effects in the open field and not in the home cage are discussed as well as the differences in distribution of behavioral activities.
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PMID:Home cage behavior and lead treatment in rhesus monkeys: a comparison with open-field behavior. 851 Jun 9

Adult male rats were exposed to a water supply containing 500 ppm lead acetate (Lead Group), or a comparable concentration of sodium acetate (Control Group), for 30 days prior to commencing testing for behavioral sensitization to cocaine. Locomotor activity (total distance (cm) travelled) was monitored for animals in both exposure conditions across 14 daily 1 h test sessions. Across successive sessions, baseline activity was recorded for a 20-min baseline period, at which time half the animals from each exposure condition received an i.p. injection of saline or 10 mg/kg cocaine HCl. Post-injection locomotor responding was then monitored for 40 min prior to returning the animal to the home cage where the respective watering regimens remained intact. On the day following the completion of sensitization testing (day 15 of testing), animals in all groups received a saline injection, and on day 16 of testing all animals received a 10 mg/kg cocaine challenge. The results showed that repeated experience with cocaine augmented the stimulatory effects of the drug in both control and lead-exposed animals. However, this behavioral sensitization effect was slower to develop and less pronounced in lead-exposed animals. These data are discussed within the context of lead-related changes in sensitivity to cocaine.
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PMID:Chronic lead exposure attenuates sensitization to the locomotor-stimulating effects of cocaine. 880 3

Previous investigations of metal/cocaine interactions have shown that chronic oral exposure to inorganic lead or cadmium attenuates the psychoactive effects of acute or repeated administration of cocaine. The purpose of this investigation was to assess the possibility that such interactive effects may derive from metal-induced disturbances in cocaine pharmacokinetics, i.e., delivery of cocaine to critical biologic sites may be disrupted by metal contamination. In this study, adult male rats were exposed to purified diets containing 250 ppm lead acetate (Group Lead), 100 ppm cadmium chloride (Group Cadmium), or unadulterated laboratory chow (Group Control); n = 48/exposure condition. Following ad libitum access to their respective diets in the home cage for 45 days, half the animals from each exposure regimen received single daily IP injections of 5, 10, or 20 mg/kg cocaine HCl for a period of 7 days (n = 8/group). The remaining half the animals received repeated daily injections of saline during this pretreatment phase. On the day following pretreatment, animals previously receiving cocaine injections were administered a single cocaine test challenge at a dose equal to that received in pretreatment. Similarly, saline pretreatment animals received either 5, 10, or 20 mg/kg cocaine. The results of this investigation did not reveal reliable evidence of metal-related differences in brain levels of cocaine. Plasma cocaine and benzoylecgonine (BE) levels also were essentially the same for control and metal-exposed animals. The failure to show that lead or cadmium alters the disposition of cocaine in brain or plasma underscores the need to pursue alternative accounts of metal/cocaine interactions.
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PMID:Brain and plasma levels of cocaine and benzoylecgonine in lead-expose and cadmium-exposed rats following acute or chronic intraperitoneal administration of cocaine. 924 57

Despite evidence of an increased incidence of lead fracture, the infraclavicular subclavian approach remains the dominant approach for placement of pacemaker and implantable defibrillator leads. Although this complication can be prevented by lead placement in the cephalic vein or by recently described approaches for lead placement in the axillary vein, these approaches have not gained widespread acceptance. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of an alternative technique for lead placement that uses contrast-guided venipuncture of the axillary vein with a 5Fr micropuncture introducer set. A total of 50 patients underwent an attempt at placement of pacemaker or implantable defibrillator leads via the axillary vein using this new technique. Patients were randomized into 2 groups based on whether the initial attempt at axillary vein access was performed medial or lateral to the rib cage margin. Lead placement was successfully accomplished in 49 of the 50 patients using this technique. Initial success was achieved in each of 25 patients randomized to the medial approach compared with 18 of 24 patients randomized to the lateral approach to the axillary vein (75%). In each of the 6 patients in whom the initial technique failed, lead placement was subsequently achieved with the medial approach. In addition to a higher initial success rate, the medial approach was determined to be preferable as evidenced by a shorter lead placement time, a smaller number of contrast injections, and a reduced requirement for additional micropuncture guidewires. There were no major complications associated with either approach. Contrast-guided venipuncture of the axillary vein is a safe and effective approach to placement of endocardial leads.
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PMID:Safety and effectiveness of placement of pacemaker and defibrillator leads in the axillary vein guided by contrast venography. 938 4

Electrospray ionization (ESI)/quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometry is used to evaluate the heavy metal binding selectivities of five caged crown ethers and two polyether reference compounds in methanol solution. The binding preferences for Hg2+, Pb2+, Cd2+, and Cu2+ were analyzed by comparison of ESI mass spectral intensities with the aim of developing this method for the rapid screening of binding selectivities of new synthetic ligands. The cage compounds preferentially bind Hg2+, except for the cage cryptand derivative, which favors Pb2+. The preference for Hg2+ stems from the favorable positioning of the nitrogen or sulfur atoms for linear coordination of Hg2+, whereas the cryptand derivative favors Pb2+ because of its larger cavity size. The counterions of the metal salts influence the type of complexes observed in the ESI mass spectra because the strengths of the metal-anion bonds affect retention of the anion in the complexes.
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PMID:Evaluation of binding selectivities of caged crown ligands toward heavy metals by electrospray ionization/quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometry 1085 18

Ion exchange of the sodium hydro sodalites [Na3(H2O)4]2-[Al3Si3O12]2 [Na4(H3O2)]2[Al3Si3O12]2 and [Na4(OH)]2[Al3Si3O12]2 with aqueous Pb(NO3)2 solutions yielded, whichever reactant sodalite phase was used, the same lead hydro sodalite, [Pb2(OH)-(H2O)3]2[Al3Si3O12]2. Thus, in the case of the non-basic reactant [Na3(H2O)4]2-[Al3Si3O12]2 an overexchange occurs with respect to the number of nonframework cationic charges. Rietveld structure refinement of the lead hydro sodalite based on powder X-ray diffraction data (cubic, a = 9.070 A, room temperature, space group P43n) revealed that the two lead cations within each polyhedral sodalite cage form an orientationally disordered dinuclear [Pb2(micro-OH)(micro-H2O)(H2O)2]3+ complex. Due to additional lead framework oxygen bonds the coordination environment of each metal cation (CN 3+3) is approximately spherical, and clearly the lead 6s electron lone pair is stereochemically inactive. This is also suggested by the absence of a small peak at 13.025 keV, attributed in other Pb2+-O compounds to an electronic 2p-6s transition, in the PbL3 edge XANES spectrum. 1H MAS NMR and FTIR spectra show that the hydrogen atoms of the aqua hydroxo complex (which could not be determined in the Rietveld analysis) are involved in hydrogen bonds of various strengths.
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PMID:Lead hydro sodalite [Pb2(OH)(H2O)3]2[Al3Si3O12]2: synthesis and structure determination by combining X-ray rietveld refinement, 1H MAS NMR FTIR and XANES spectroscopy. 1193 Nov 9


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