Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UNIPROT:Q86TM3 (cage)
 29,987 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The reasons reduction and replacement of laboratory animals are advancing rapidly in basic biomedical research, and why in industrial toxicology progress is much slower, are analyzed. Reference is made to a previous report from our laboratory, and the general concept of the program is outlined. Encouraging developments concerning acceptance of new concepts in acute toxicity testing by various regulatory agencies are reviewed (OECD, IKS, EEC, and Bureau of Pharmaceutical Affairs, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Japan). On the basis of new concepts proposed by the British Toxicology Society, a program which attempts to evaluate acute toxicity of chemicals as far as possible without causing mortality was started. Continuous in-cage monitoring of motility of animals, regular control of general health, body weight, food and water consumption, and body temperature are used as variables. The possibilities of reducing animal use in toxicology by application of toxicological screening procedures are explained. Screening tests under development include an operant conditioning technique to detect adverse drug interactions with ethanol and a procedure for the detection of nephrotoxic properties. The successful completion of a collaborative program designed to upgrade toxicity testing with contraceptive steroids and to abolish the 7-year beagle and 10-year monkey studies is reported. The application of in vitro cytotoxicity tests for assessment of irritant and corrosive properties of chemicals is discussed and some encouraging progress on regulatory acceptance of such tests (OECD) is reported. A new test developed at the institute is described. An in vitro model for the investigation of chemically induced changes of collagen synthesis in human fibroblasts is presented. Other cell culture methods under development include a culture system of chick brain, retina, and menings cells for the study of neurotoxic chemicals and neurobehavioral teratogens, primary hepatocyte cultures for the study of drug effects on DNA and protein synthesis and ploidy, using flow cytometry, and various in vitro models for the assessment of genotoxic and tumor-promoting activities and malignant cell transformation. The problem of analgesic treatment of animals with chronic pain was investigated. Several analgesics were evaluated, and treatment modalities providing demonstrable analgesia for prolonged periods of time in mice and rats were worked out.
 ...
PMID:Reduction and replacement of laboratory animals in toxicological testing and research. Interim report 1984-1987. 307 63

Cyclic intrusive loads were applied to deciduous cheek teeth and monitored by radiography in dissected mandibles in three successive states: (A) intact, (B) vertically bisected in a bucco-lingual plane, (C) with perforation of the apices by lateral drilling of the mandible subsequent to (B). Loading was in a compression cage in an Instron mechanical testing-machine utilizing cross-head speeds of 0.5 and 5 mm/min, leading to loading rates of approximately 2 and approximately 20 N/s. Peak loads were approximately 100 N, causing an intrusion of approximately 200 microns. Load/recovery curves for each tooth in the three states were recorded and the data treated assuming: (a) a simple shear on the periodontal ligament, (b) tensile loading on the fibres of the collagen fraction of the ligament alone. Treatment (b) gave the best agreement with published mechanical data on isolated mammalian periodontal ligament. The small effect of apicectomy on the mechanical behaviour indicates that a mobile fluid-like support mechanism is unlikely to operate for major loads in vitro and tensile support by the collagen fibres of the periodontal ligament is the most likely dominant mechanism.
 ...
PMID:In-vitro mechanics of intrusive loading in porcine cheek teeth with intact and perforated root apices. 347 27

Morphometric data on left ventricular papillary muscle structures have been determined in tumor-induced malnutrition and related to the maximum activities of key enzymes for energy production in the whole myocardium. Adult, nongrowing mice with a syngeneic sarcoma were used to represent a condition of cancer associated host tissue wasting. Hearts from mice 11 days after tumor implantation showed atrophy and a significantly reduced amount of myofibrillar, soluble, and collagen proteins than hearts from control animals. The cross-sectional area of myocardial cells was 33% smaller in tumor-bearing mice (p less than 0.025), but the total number of capillaries and the residual interstitial volume were similar in the two groups. The total number of subcellular structures per cell, such as mitochondria, myofibrils, and myosin filaments per myofiber, were significantly lower in the tumor-bearing animals (p less than 0.025). Conversely, the proportion of myofibrils was higher (p less than 0.05) in tumor-bearing animals while the proportion of mitochondria was lower. Maximum activities (Vmax) of selected regulatory key enzymes for energy production (glycogenolytic, glycolytic, and mitochondrial) were not significantly altered in hearts from tumor-bearing mice. The results support the conclusion that myocardial functional capacity is better preserved than overall structural components would imply in tumor-host associated malnutrition, which is probably secondary to deprived food intake. Teleologically, this may be a means by which functional deterioration of the heart is minimized during the induction of malnutrition.
 ...
PMID:Ultrastructural changes and enzyme activities for energy production in hearts concomitant with tumor-associated malnutrition. 382 Oct 91

Sprague-Dawley rats aged 6 to 22 months were stressed for 2, 16 and 9m resp. by the influence of noise (106 dB, 2h/d) and overcrowding (12 rats/Makrolon-IV-cage). Parameters of the plasma, brain, testicles and the liver (enzymes, metabolites and hormones) and well-known age parameters were evaluated to obtain objective criteria for stress influences. The weights of the whole body and some organs were also measured. The most distinct changes were seen in the plasma enzyme activities CPK, ALD, CHE and AP, in the concentrations of CHO and TRG and in the levels of testosterone, corticosterone and aldosterone. The contraction-relaxation of the tail tendon and the soluble collagen of the corium changed in the direction of higher age, just as lipofuscine content in the brain, cerebellum and the adrenals did. Some activities of enzymes and concentrations of metabolites changed in the brain, liver the testicles. Adrenal weights rose sharply in both stress groups; the body weight was lower. There were some differences in the effects of the two stress factors. These investigations gave some information about the relation between stress and aging and provide a simple means of determining the influence of stress.
 ...
PMID:[Aspects of stress and aging in the rat (author's transl)]. 611 91

Conventional chest roentgenograms provide an opportunity to study changes in the thoracic cage produced by systemic or localized disorders. Careful evaluation of abnormalities often gives a clue to the diagnosis of clinically unsuspected disorders. In this article, the authors present a review of developmental, granulomatous, collagen vascular, hematopoietic, metabolic, endocrine, and neoplastic disorders affecting the thoracic cage.
 ...
PMID:Systemic disorders affecting the thoracic cage. 638 18

Periosteal autografts have been widely used for biologic resurfacing of full-thickness articular cartilage defects in rabbits. This study examined the effect of donor and recipient age on biologic joint resurfacing using fresh and cryopreserved periosteal allografts in a rabbit model. The study also assessed the ability of cryopreserved periosteal allografts to undergo neochondrogenesis. Eighty New Zealand rabbits were divided into six groups receiving combinations of fresh or cryopreserved allografts. After all the grafts were secured with fibrin glue, the animals were subjected to two weeks of continuous passive motion followed by four weeks of cage activity or intermittent active motion. The rabbit knees were analyzed at six weeks by gross examination, histochemical staining, and collagen typing. No significant difference in chondrogenic potential between fresh and cryopreserved periosteal allografts was observed. Grafts obtained from adult donors were much less chondrogenic than those from adolescents, but adults recipients experienced reasonably good results when they received allografts from young donors. No evidence of rejection was found in any of the samples as late as six weeks after transplantation.
 ...
PMID:Biologic resurfacing of a major joint defect with cryopreserved allogeneic periosteum under the influence of continuous passive motion in a rabbit model. 813 51

Some recent proposals in management of alcoholic liver disease are discussed focusing on early diagnosis and treatment of alcohol abuse itself, alcoholic hepatitis early mortality, clinical meaning of nutritional therapy, serological approach and treatment of hepatic fibrosis, and problems in liver transplantation for end stage alcoholic liver cirrhosis. CAGE or similar systematized brief questionnaires, and desialylated transferrin/total transferrin ratio as serological marker, seems to be interesting contributions to "hidden" alcohol abuse diagnosis and abstinence control while psycho-social support and voluntary incorporation to self-aid groups are the best weapons to reach persistent abstinence. Corticosteroids seems to improve survival in a selected group of patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis, specially in those presenting encephalopathy but free of GI bleeding, decompensated diabetes, active infections, pancreatitis, and other contraindications or adverse effects of these drugs. Relationship between direct toxicity and nutritional deficiencies in pathogenesis of alcoholic liver injury are not clear enough, but malnutrition is generally present in patients requiring hospitalization, and related to clinical severity; oral, enteral or parenteral nutritional supplementation in this order of preference according to patients condition, associated or not with steroid anabolics, are useful in cases with moderate to severe alcoholic hepatitis or decompensated cirrhosis to eliminate the catabolic state, reaching a better nitrogen balance and liver function tests, without special adverse effects. A special role on liver regeneration is discussed. Antioxidants and supernutrients are special "modern" aspects of nutritional therapy in alcoholic liver disease generally related to the MEOS activation in chronic alcoholism, the excessive production of free radicals, and the depletion of glutathione, membrane phospholipids (specially phosphatidycholine), and vitamin A, E, and C. Natural supplements as soybean polyunsaturated lecithin, with high concentration of phosphatidycholine, or oral supplementation with natural metabolic products depleted from the liver of chronic heavy drinkers, such SAMe, have an interesting rationale based on experimental and clinical findings besides availability and costs. Carotenoids and tocopherols supplementation seems to be an useful tool, but are limited in the case of vitamin A because its special toxicity in chronic alcoholism. Serological markers of metabolism of liver connective tissue are clearly involved in fibrogenesis process and other inflammatory connected events; standardization of laboratory methods surely will result in new possibilities of non-invasive valuation of liver injury, evolution and therapeutic response; special histological damage such as sinusoidal "cappilarization" (type i.v. collagen and laminin), endothelial sinusoidal cell function (seric hyaluronate), or collagenase activity (TIMP-1 or tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1) seems to be valuable by these new technologies.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:[New suggestions for the management of alcoholic liver diseases]. 852 63

This paper records our experience in the management of 25 sets of conjoined twins seen over a 32 year period (1964 - 1996). The twins were classified into 14 complete and symmetrical sets and 11 incomplete or heteropagus. The 14 symmetrical sets included 9 thoracopagus, 2 ischiopagus, 1 craniopagus and 1 omphalopagus twins. In the incomplete heteropagus group there was 1 ischiopagus, one twin being anencepahlic, 2 dipygus, 5 parasitic, 2 fetus-in-fetu and I cranial and caudal. The management is detailed case by case. Overall 10 of 14 symmetrical sets underwent attempts at separation with 16 surviving the procedure, but there were 3 late deaths. In the incomplete group 10 of 11 were operated on with 9 survivors. The importance of a multi-disciplinary approach, the extensive investigations required pre-operatively to define areas of organ and bony conjunction, congenital anomalies of each twin and surgical teamwork is emphasized. Specific problems encountered were identified. In thoracopagus twins the hearts were of paramount importance as conjuction was usually fatal, being associated with major congenital defects. The greater the extent of thoracic cage fusion the greater the chance of associated severe anomaly. Skin expansion to assist coverage of the defects after separation was of great assistance, as was the use of collagen coated vicryl. Evaluation of the liver and pancreatico-biliary systems with isotope excretion scanning was crucial to pre-operative planning. Where there was fusion of the duodenum a single pancreatico-biliary system could be expected and prior strategies for separation and Roux-en-Y enteric drainage of both pancreatic and biliary secretion should be planned. Gastro-oesophageal reflux led to considerable morbidity in both twins of a thoraco-omphalopagus set. In ischiopagus and dipygus conjoined twins bilateral posterior iliac osteotomies were an essential component to anatomic reconstruction of the pelvic ring and wound closure. Also in this group, due to the frequency and extent of shared genital, urinary and ano-rectal structures, long-term morbidity was expected and a component of this might be due to spinal cord tethering, or as in one of our cases, a progressive hydrosyringomyelia. Timing of separation was ideally set at between 5 and 9 months with 6 to 8 weeks of prior tissue expansion but earlier operation was frequently required because of cardio-respiratory problems or organ failure in one twin. In most cases the goal of obtaining separate, independent and intact individuals was achieved.
 ...
PMID:Conjoined twins--the Cape Town experience. 909 38

Previous studies showed that the equatorial diffraction spacing of the collagen molecules in mineralized tissues decreases when the tissue is dried and that the spacing in totally dried tissue is about the same (1.1 nm) whether mineralized or not. Here we report that spacing decreases were observed in both mineralized and unmineralized turkey leg tendon after soaking in various sodium chloride solutions up to 4.0 M concentration. The effect was seen by X-ray diffraction as well as by neutron diffraction. No effect was seen in turkey leg tendon soaked in 3.0 M ethylene glycol solution. The spacing in unmineralized tissue decreased from 1.459 +/- 0.011 nm in 0.15 M saline to 1.403 +/- 0.025 nm in 1.5 M saline, a change of 0.056 +/- 0.03 nm or 3.84%. In mineralized turkey leg tendon the corresponding spacings were 1.387 +/- 0.012 and 1.321 +/- 0.019 nm, a change of 0.046 +/- 0.02 nm or 3.4%. No significant dimensional change was noted in the thickness even though the equatorial diffraction spacing decreased by 3.4%. Electron microscopy showed the collagen fibrils within the mineralized turkey leg tendon to be surrounded by highly mineralized material. Presumably the composition of the extrafibrillar material is different from the intrafibrillar and therefore the extrafibrillar material is a different kind of composite. If it is assumed that the extrafibrillar material does not change dimensions significantly, then the collagen molecules in the fibrils can be mobile within the dimensionally stable cage-like structure.
 ...
PMID:Effect of sodium chloride solutions on mineralized and unmineralized turkey leg tendon. 919 18

Anterior lumbar interbody arthrodesis is commonly performed for conditions involving infection, deformity, and instability. The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effective dose of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) as a bone graft substitute inside a titanium threaded interbody fusion cage using a nonhuman primate model of laparoscopic anterior lumbar interbody arthrodesis. Eight adult rhesus monkeys underwent laparoscopic exposure of the lumbosacral spine followed by insertion of a hollow titanium threaded cylindrical cage (Sofamor-Danek, Memphis, TN, U.S.A.). Before insertion, the chamber of the cage was filled with a collagen sponge delivery vehicle soaked with either 0 mg/ml (sham, buffer only), 0.75 mg/ml (low dose), or 1.5 mg/ml (high dose) of rhBMP-2 (Genetics Institute, Cambridge, MA, U.S.A.). Fusions were evaluated in a blinded fashion with plain radiographs and computed tomography (CT) scans 12 and 24 weeks after surgery, and by manual palpation and histology after euthanasia 24 weeks after surgery. All five monkeys treated with a cage filled with rhBMP-2 obtained a solid fusion as assessed by manual palpation. The two monkeys that received no growth factor did not achieve solid fusions. Plain radiographs were of limited value, with fusions best assessed on sagittally reconstructed CT scans. Scans from the two animals treated without growth factor showed ingrowth of bone only into the outer edges of the cage, but not through the center. Scans from the rhBMP-2-treated animals demonstrated arthrodesis with continuous bone growth through the cage. Histologic analysis demonstrated normal mature trabecular bone surrounding and growing through the cages, which correlated with the CT scan findings. We conclude that rhBMP-2 delivered in a threaded titanium interbody cage can serve as a bone graft substitute in a nonhuman primate model. Sagittal reconstructed CT may be a better method to assess for fusion with this device.
 ...
PMID:Laparoscopic anterior spinal arthrodesis with rhBMP-2 in a titanium interbody threaded cage. 958 64


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>