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Query: UNIPROT:Q86TM3 (cage)
 29,987 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

C57BL/6J mice were given 5 weeks of voluntary wheel running and then studied for ethanol (EtOH) sensitivity as indicated by EtOH-induced hypothermia and loss of righting response (LORR) after 3.8 g/kg EtOH (20% w/v). Mice were assigned to wheel (free access to a running wheel in the home cage) or no wheel conditions, and wheel counts were monitored by a computer at 5-min intervals around the clock. In Experiment 1, duration of EtOH-induced LORR was assessed as amount of time required for the animal to right itself three times in a 30-s period, and body temperature was assessed by rectal probe. Wheel animals showed significantly shorter LORR and significantly less hypothermia at regaining the righting response than no wheel controls. In Experiment 2, temperature was assessed at 45 and 90 min after EtOH challenge. Baseline temperatures for wheel and no wheel animals did not differ, but wheel animals showed dramatic resistance to EtOH-induced hypothermia at both time points. Together with our earlier work, these results provide evidence that prior exercise can offset the effects of EtOH intoxication in several domains of EtOH sensitivity.
Pharmacol Biochem Behav 1992 Sep
PMID:Effects of exercise on ethanol-induced hypothermia and loss of righting response in C57BL/6J mice. 140 13

Previous studies of ethanol-induced activation and place preference conditioning have shown that repeated exposure to ethanol produces sensitization to ethanol's locomotor activating effect in mice. This experiment was designed to determine whether the behavioral sensitization to ethanol that occurs during place preference conditioning is due to development of a Pavlovian conditioned activity response. Mice (DBA/2J) in the experimental group (BEFORE) received four pairings of a distinctive floor stimulus with ethanol (2 g/kg, IP); a different floor stimulus was paired with saline (counterbalanced). Mice in two control groups were exposed equally to each floor stimulus and were handled and injected as often as experimental mice. One control group (AFTER) always received ethanol in the home cage 1 h after exposure to the floor stimulus, while the other control group (NO-DRUG) never received ethanol during conditioning. BEFORE group mice showed a significant conditioned place preference, whereas control mice did not. Activity tests after saline or ethanol indicated higher activity levels in BEFORE mice compared to control mice, regardless of floor stimulus. Moreover, BEFORE mice were more active on their CS+ floor than on their CS- floor during saline tests; activity was equally elevated on both floors during ethanol tests. These results support the hypothesis that sensitization to ethanol's activating effect is mediated by Pavlovian conditioning. Further, they suggest that place conditioning established-associative control by two kinds of stimuli; the specific tactile cues serving as CS+ and CS- and the general environmental cues common to both CS+ and CS- trials.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Pharmacol Biochem Behav 1992 Sep
PMID:Conditioned activation induced by ethanol: role in sensitization and conditioned place preference. 140 16

In a prospective study of 539 consecutive elderly medical admissions (mean age 77.3 years; 275 men), 42 patients (7.8%; 36 men) were identified as alcohol abusers, 41 by an alcohol intake history and one by a positive response to the CAGE questionnaire; none was identified by laboratory screening (gamma glutamyltransferase and red cell mean corpuscular volume) alone. Thirteen admissions (2%) were alcohol-related. In alcohol abusers, 24% of admissions (n = 10; p less than 0.001) were alcohol-related. Alcohol abusers were predominantly men (86%; p less than 0.001) and independently mobile (88%; p less than 0.001), suggesting greater physical fitness. In these more active men (n = 167), the prevalence of alcohol abuse was 19.8% and 6% of admissions were alcohol-related. While the sensitivities of the CAGE questionnaire and laboratory screening were too low to be clinically useful, an alcohol intake history may allow for a significant opportunity in preventive medicine in this age group, particularly in the fitter men.
Age Ageing 1992 Sep
PMID:Alcohol and acute medical admission of elderly people. 141 74

The aim of this study was to compare and validate two simple methods of detecting excessive alcohol drinkers in a Malaysian hospital population. All 621 patients in the Medical, Surgical and Orthopaedic units of the General Hospital Kuala Lumpur were screened with the "CAGE" Questionnaire (a four question screening test to discriminate excessive drinkers) and two questions on the frequency and quantity of drinking called the Consumption Index. All CAGE scores had poor agreement (K = 0.37 to K = 0.1) with a psychiatric diagnosis of alcohol abuse and dependence using DSM III diagnosis. Reasons why the Consumption Index is a better screening instrument than the CAGE are discussed.
Aust N Z J Psychiatry 1992 Sep
PMID:Quantity frequency (consumption index) versus "CAGE" in the detection of alcoholism. 141 38

This study investigated the relative potency of melatonin and arousal as Zeitgebers in the non-photic phase shifting of circadian rhythmicity in the adult Syrian hamster. Animals held under dim red light (DD) exhibited robust free-running rhythms of wheel-running activity. Melatonin (1 mg/kg) or ethanolic saline vehicle, delivered manually by subcutaneous injection after removing the animal from its cage, resulted in phase advances of the activity rhythm. This effect was phase dependent, injections at CT 8 and 10 being effective (CT 12 = anticipated activity onset), whereas injection at CT 2, 6, 14 and 20 did not cause a shift. There was no significant difference between the magnitude or timing of phase shifts in response to injections of saline or melatonin. To determine whether the observed shifts were related to arousal of the animals induced by handling, a second group held under DD were fitted with chronic s.c. cannulae so that melatonin solution or vehicle could be delivered remotely at projected CT 10. Neither solution had any effect upon the free-running rhythm. However, when these animals received manual s.c. injection of saline or melatonin solution, they exhibited phase advances similar to those observed in Expt. 1. These results fail to support the hypothesis that melatonin can exert a chemically specific, acute phase-shifting action in the adult Syrian hamster. They do, however, demonstrate the potent effect of arousing stimuli upon the circadian clock in this species.
Brain Res 1992 Sep 18
PMID:Non-photic phase shifting of the circadian activity rhythm of Syrian hamsters: the relative potency of arousal and melatonin. 144 29

Our earlier report of differences in metabolic activity within the visual regions of the hyperstriatum and ectostriatum, in 2-day-old chicks compared with 23-day-old chicks, suggested that two visual pathways within the visual system develop at different rates. Here we have investigated whether the demands of varying visual environments will increase the activity of the hyperstriatum accessorium (HA) in 2-day-olds. Metabolic activity in the HA was monitored in 2-day-old chicks by the radioactive 2-deoxyglucose technique during monocular stimulation with three different visual environments: moving stripes in a rotating drum, which induced eye and head movements, a featureless white environment, and the complex visual environment of the home cage with other chicks. Although a small but significant level of activity was found in HA in the hemisphere opposite the open eye, the activity did not vary with the visual treatment. On the other hand, a raised level of activity in the hyperstriatum dorsale (HD) appeared in chicks viewing the rotating stripes, indicating that at this age the thalamo-hyperstriatal pathway may be involved in processing whole-field visual movement. The optomoter environment also produced high activity in the medial hyperstriatum ventrale (MHV), a region that has been implicated in memory formation of imprinting. We suggest that during the sensitive period for imprinting, HA may either have not developed its fully functional capacity, or that following or during imprinting it is actively shut down to protect itself and associated regions from interfering visual input. In contrast to the 2-day-olds, 17-day-old chicks in a visually rich cage environment, had high levels of activity in HA, demonstrating that the functional maturation of the HA, related to performance in the cage environment, is complete at least 6 days earlier than previously observed.
Behav Brain Res 1992 Sep 28
PMID:Metabolic activity in the hyperstriatum of 2-day-old chicks during optomotor and contrasting visual stimulation. 144 45

From previous research, the ultrasonic vocalizations of male mice (Mus domesticus) to female mouse urine were hypothesized to be learned as a result of classical conditioning during adult heterosexual encounters. According to this interpretation, a previously neutral conditioned stimulus in female urine comes to elicit vocalizations as a result of its association with some other unknown unconditioned stimulus associated with adult females. However, the research from which this hypothesis was derived utilized urine collected from females housed in metabolic cages. Three experiments further examined the classical conditioning hypothesis using two types of female urine: (i) metabolic-cage-collected urine and (ii) freshly voided urine. Experiment 1 demonstrated that, in contrast to vocalizations to metabolic-cage-collected urine, adult heterosexual experience was not necessary for males to vocalize to freshly voided female urine. In addition, unlike metabolic-cage-collected urine (Experiment 3), freshly voided urine remained a potent stimulus for eliciting vocalizations during repeated testing (Experiments 2 and 3). Finally, freshly voided urine appeared to cause a previously neutral stimulus (cotton swab) to acquire ultrasound eliciting properties (Experiment 2). We suggest from these findings that two chemosignals that elicit vocalizations from males may exist in female mouse urine: (i) a potent, but volatile or easily degraded, unconditioned stimulus to which males vocalize without sexual experience and (ii) a nonvolatile, chemically stable conditioned stimulus.
Behav Neural Biol 1992 Sep
PMID:An ephemeral sex pheromone in the urine of female house mice (Mus domesticus). 145 33

One of the effects of rearing young monkeys on surrogate mothers is a delay in the development of exploratory behavior. An important question is which difference between mother and surrogate mother caused this delay. We hypothesized that the mothers' carrying the infant through the environment promotes the development of exploratory behavior and the radius of action of infant macques. Using surrogate mothers, we reared 9 infants in a peer group with immobile surrogates and 10 infants in another peer group with mobile surrogates. During the 3rd to the 6th month, we observed each infant for 30 min weekly, collecting observational data on several behavioral parameters and on time spent in several areas in the cage. Results showed that exploratory behavior and an increase in radius of action developed more rapidly in the mobile-reared infants.
Dev Psychobiol 1992 Sep
PMID:Mobile surrogate mothers and the development of exploratory behavior and radius of action in infant long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis). 148 48

Circulating N-terminal PTH-related protein (PTHrP), N-terminal PTH, and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25-(OH)2D] concentrations were measured in normal dogs and dogs with cancer-associated hypercalcemia (CAH), parathyroid adenomas, and miscellaneous tumors. PTHrP was undetectable (less than 1.8 pM) in normal dogs and increased in dogs with CAH due to adenocarcinomas derived from apocrine glands of the anal sac (44.9 +/- 27 pM), lymphoma (8.3 +/- 4.4 pM), and miscellaneous carcinomas (13.3 +/- 11.4 pM). The PTHrP concentration decreased in dogs with lymphoma and anal sac adenocarcinomas after successful treatment of CAH. The PTHrP concentration had a significant linear correlation with total serum calcium in dogs with anal sac adenocarcinomas and hypercalcemia, but not in dogs with lymphoma and hypercalcemia. Serum N-terminal PTH concentrations were usually in the normal range (12-34 pg/ml) for all groups of dogs except dogs with parathyroid adenomas (83 +/- 38 pg/ml). The serum PTH concentration increased after successful treatment of CAH. Serum 1,25-(OH)2D concentrations were decreased, normal, or increased in dogs with CAH, and 1,25-(OH)2D levels decreased after treatment of CAH. In summary, circulating concentrations of PTHrP are consistently increased in dogs with CAH, and PTHrP appears to play an important role in the induction of hypercalcemia.
Endocrinology 1992 Sep
PMID:Parathyroid hormone (PTH)-related protein, PTH, and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in dogs with cancer-associated hypercalcemia. 150 57

The binding and interaction of carbamoylcholine with the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor was investigated using photolytically released carbamoylcholine ('caged' carbamoylcholine). Upon UV flash activation of this photolabile substrate analog, characteristic changes in the IR absorbance spectrum were detected. Apart from difference bands arising from the changes of molecular structure upon photolytical release, spectral features can be attributed to the agonist upon binding to the receptor as well as to conformational changes of the receptor itself. The two photo-labile agonist analogs N-[1-(2-nitrophenyl)ethyl] carbamoylcholine iodide (cage I) and N-(alpha-carboxy-2-nitrobenzyl) carbamoylcholine trifluoroacetate (cage II), with different structures for comparison of the 1680-1540 cm-1 region sensitive for protein conformation, yielded consistent results. A preliminary interpretation in terms of substrate binding and local conformational changes of the receptor upon carbamoylcholine binding is provided, in analogy to the binding of acetylcholine, activation, and subsequent deactivation taking place during signal transduction.
FEBS Lett 1992 Sep 07
PMID:Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic investigation of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR). Investigation of agonist binding and receptor conformational changes by flash-induced release of 'caged' carbamoylcholine. 150 86


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