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Query: UNIPROT:Q86TM3 (cage)
 29,987 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

1. The progress of feather pecking and cannibalism was recorded from hatching to end of lay in a flock of caged layers and the influence of group size, floor area allowance and cage tier upon the incidence of these activities during lay assessed. 2. The largest group suffered more cannibalism and feather pecking than smaller groups, floor area allowance and tier being less important factors. 3. A significant trend was found for one death from cannibalism to be followed by more in the same cage.4. It was concluded that feather pecking and cannibalism are separate phenomena, although the same cage conditions increased the incidence of both. 5. Cannibalism may be divided into vent pecking and cannibalism affecting other parts of the body, the former is independent of feather pecking and the latter, though usually preceded by feather pecking, is only indirectly associated with it.
Br Poult Sci 1975 Sep
PMID:Feather pecking and cannibalism in a caged layer flock. 115 27

From February, 1971, through February, 1974, heart valves of 510 patients were replaced with cloth-covered Braunwald-Cutter prostheses. The data indicate that cloth encapsulation of the prosthetic cage is associated with a reduction in thromboembolic complications, particularly for mitral valves. Cloth wear on the distal strut, however, is not prevented by use of a Silastic poppet and appears to be a typical finding in aortic valves recovered or inspected after 3 months. Excessive poppet wear has also been noted in the aortic position; poppet embolization has occurred on 2 occasions, and a third patient was found, at the time of reoperation for periprosthetic leak, to have opppet wear sufficient to permit embolization. Although there have been no reports of clinical malfunction of the mitral prosthesis at the time of this writing, further long-term observation of these patients appears warranted.
Ann Thorac Surg 1975 Sep
PMID:Aortic and mitral valve replacement with cloth-covered Braunwald-Cutter prosthesis. A three-year follow-up. 116 68

All cases of laryngocoele in the English literature have been reviewed and a further nine added, making a total of 139. The sex incidence is 5:I in favour of men, and the maximum age incidence is in the sixth decade. Approximately two out of three laryngocoeles are unilateral and they may be combined, external or internal, with roughly equal frequency; about 8 per cent become infected and present as pyocoele. The commonest presenting symptoms are hoarseness and a lump in the neck, with almost equal frequency. There is only one case on record where the laryngocoele could have been caused by prolonged and repeated blowing against resistance. This factor appears to play no part in the cause of laryngocoele though increased air pressure in the larynx may make an already existing laryngocoele manifest; this increased air pressure may be caused by a co-existing carcinoma. Laryngocoeles appear to be an atavistic remnant from the higher apes, particularly those who use their arms with the thoracic cage fixed whilst swinging through the trees.
J Laryngol Otol 1975 Sep
PMID:Laryngocoele. 117 26

A significant correlation was shown in Rockland-Swiss albino mice between the number of fetuses and maternal nest-building performance as assessed by the amount of nesting material gathered into the cage. The greater the number of fetuses, the more nesting material was gathered. A significant correlation first appeared on Day 4 and was maintained until Day 18 of gestation.
J Reprod Fertil 1975 Sep
PMID:Maternal nest-building performance and fetal number in Rockland-Swiss albino mice. 118 21

Reproductive performance was determined on Beltsville Small White hens housed 2 or 3 per cage for 10 weeks and then changed to 1 or 2 per cage for 10 additional weeks. Hens were then molted and data collected for a second production cycle of 18 weeks. Hens were fed a basal diet calculated to contain 1230 mg./kg. of choline, or supplemented with choline chloride to provide 1900, 2570 or 3240 mg. of choline per kg. of diet. Variations in production, fertility and hatch were observed between the first and second 10 week periods of the first laying cycle, but differences were affected more by two high choline levels than by number of hens per cage. When data was combined to show the effects of choline supplements for the entire 20 weeks, there were no significant differences in egg production or hatch of fertile eggs due to choline levels. However, significantly lower fertility resulted in groups fed choline at the level of 2570 or 3240 mg./kg. during this 20 wk. laying cycle. During the second production cycle (one hen per cage), choline supplements improved egg production, increased egg weight, depressed fertility and had no effect on hatch of fertile eggs. When data from the first and second production cycles were combined, there was no significant effect of choline on production or hatchability, but all groups supplemented with choline had significantly lower fertility than the basal group, indicating that 1230 mg./kg. of choline was adequate.
Poult Sci 1975 Sep
PMID:Reproductive performance of caged Beltsville Small White turkeys as affected by choline, bird density and forced molting. 118 24

Total oesophageal resection for cancer is a major procedure, involving surgery within the thoracic cage, the abdomen and the cervical mediastinum. Plastic restruction using a segment of colon which is placed retrosternally between the cervical oesophagus and the stomach, is an additional procedure of considerable difficulty. Most surgeons, therefore, prefer a two-stage operation. In order to spare patients the unpleasantness of a cervical fistula and a gastrostomy, the author describes a procedure of total resection of the oesophagus with interposition of the left hemi-colon in a one-stage procedure. Careful selection of patients is naturally imperative, but the immediate postoperative results enabling the patient to swallow again at once is most gratifying.
Wien Klin Wochenschr 1975 Sep 19
PMID:[Total oesophageal resection with interposition of the left hemi-colon in a one-stage procedure (author's transl)]. 118 50

The role of olfactory stimuli in the mediation of the behavior of 26--36 hour old spiny mice (Acomys cabirinus) was assessed through a series of six experiments. The major results of these experiments are: 1. One day old spiny mice showed a preference for soiled bedding from their own home-cage as compared to clean bedding in a simultaneous two-choice preference test. 2. No significant preference was displayed for home-cage bedding vs. bedding from the cage of a conspecific litter and parents. 3. Soiled bedding from the home-cage was preferred over soiled bedding from the cage of a nulliparous adult female conspecific. 4. A reduced mean latency to leave an area of clean bedding was found in comparison to mean latencies to leave soiled bedding from the subjects' home-cage or from the cage of a conspecific litter. 5. No differential activity levels were displayed on home-cage vs. clean bedding. It was concluded that by the second day of life, Acomys pups have developed attachment to chemical stimuli produced by specific classes of conspecifics--and that the early appearance of such attachments is a function of the high degree of sensory and motor precocity of the Acomys pups at birth. The adaptive value of such rapidly developed attachments in precocial as contrasted to altricial species was discussed.
Z Tierpsychol 1975 Sep
PMID:The responses of one-day old Acomys cabirinus pups to naturally occurring chemical stimuli. 118 51

Hamster pups were tested for an odor preference every day from 1-16 days of age with shavings from their home cage and with clean wood shavings. The hamster pups showed a clear preference for their home cage shavings by 8 days of age. They were then tested for preferences with other odor combinations. Tests for preference with other odor pairs indicate that this preference is due to a change in the hamsters rather than a change in the stimulus. In these tests the hamster pups did not demonstrate a preference for their home shavings over shavings in which a nonlactating female had lived. Further tests will have to be done to determine how specific the hamster pup's olfactory preferences are.
Physiol Behav 1975 Sep
PMID:Development of olfactory-guided behavior in the golden hamster. 120 78

1 About 45% of singly-housed male mice showed timidity (alert postures, running away, defensive postures) instead of aggression on interactions in pairs with group-housed male mice, though their partners did not show any aggression. The isolation-induced timidity was stable in repeated interactions. Timid mice also showed locomotion (walking across cage and rearing) and a small amount of sociable activity (sniffing, following partners and climbing over them). 2 Diazepam (5 mg/kg), chlordiazepoxide (20 mg/kg), chlorpromazine (7.5 mg/kg) and barbitone (60 mg/kg) given orally inhibited the isolation-induced timidity without reducing other motor activities in the timid mice. Imipramine lessened timidith only in a dose (80 mg/kg) which also decreased other components of behaviour in the timid isolates. (+)-Amphetamine and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) increased the timid response. 3 Comparison of the inhibition of timid activities with changes in other behaviour occurring at the same time seems a better measure of selective timidity-reducing effects of drugs than the rota-rod test. 4 Diazepam (5 mg/kg) increased sociable and locomotor activities. Barbitone (20 and 60 mg/kg) increased sociable activities; however, the higher dose also evoked some aggression in timid mice. 5 Behaviour of timid singly housed male mice seems to be a good measure for prediction of activity of drugs in relieving anxiety as well as for detection of aggression-evoking and sociability-increasing effects of drugs.
Br J Pharmacol 1975 Sep
PMID:Timid singly-housed mice: their value in prediction of psychotropic activity of drugs. 123 30

The effect of housing density of mice on the thermogenic state and capacity of their brown adipose tissue was studied. Mice were housed one, two, or six per cage at 28 degrees C for 15 days. Increased housing density suppressed the thermogenic capacity of brown adipose tissue (decreased the total amount of uncoupling protein) and decreased the thermogenic state of brown adipose tissue mitochondria (decreased GDP binding). A density of six mice per cage had a greater effect than a density of two mice per cage. The size of brown adipose tissue (wet weight and protein content), the content of mitochondria in it (cytochrome oxidase content), and the total activity of thyroxine 5'-deiodinase were not altered by housing density. We conclude that even at a temperature close to thermoneutrality (29-33 degrees C for the mouse), the occurrence of social thermoregulation (huddling) reduces the requirement for brown adipose tissue thermogenesis and results in a reduction in its thermogenic capacity. It is clearly of importance that the design of studies of mouse brown adipose tissue take into account not only the temperature at which the mice are housed, but also the number of mice housed per cage.
Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1992 Sep
PMID:Number of mice per cage influences uncoupling protein content of brown adipose tissue. 132 3


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