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 29,987 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effects of morphine (5, 10, 100, and 150 mg/kg SC) on locomotor activity, object manipulation, grooming, rearing, and responsiveness to social stimulation were observed in naive, nontolerant mice. Morphine induced significant changes in the behavior elements recorded. Five and 10 mg/kg morphine caused an initial phase of about 1 h with inhibition of all activities. After 1 h the mice gradually increased activity and exceeded the corresponding placebo level at the end of the sessions. 100 and 150 mg/kg morphine caused an increase in locomotor activity. This hyperactive continuous running was stereotyped, restricted as it was to only a certain part of the experimental cage. Concurrently all other behavior elements were abolished. The animals did not normalize within the observation period. Neither the sedated mice with low doses nor the mice with high doses of morphine responded socially to the presence of another untreated mouse which was placed in the cage as a social response test.
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PMID:Behavioral effects of low and high acute doses of morphine in solitary mice. 11 35

Morphine or naloxone injected twice a day (10 mg/kg/day) to rat females from 15 to 18 days of gestation had no effect on their litter size or body weight of pups. Time necessary for the female to bring pups into the nest from the opposite end of the cage, that is a characteristic of maternal care and negatively correlated with the mean body weight of the pup in the litter, did not change after treatment with drugs during gestation. Newborns treated with mu-opioid receptor ligands during intrauterine development had an elevated number of 3H-naloxone binding sites in the brain. However, the number of 3H-naloxone binding sites on the 9 and 16 days of life, as well as pain thresholds under electric stimulation of the tail at a month age were equal in these rats and offsprings of the intact or saline treated mothers.
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PMID:[Maternal behavior after the administration of morphine or naloxone to pregnant female rats and the pain sensitivity and brain mu-opioid receptors in the progeny]. 132 83

Drug and toxicant effects on locomotor/exploratory activity can be quite variable depending on the test and the schedule of exposure. In neurobehavioral toxicology and teratology, these interactions can affect the inferences based on the use of selected drugs as probes to assess which regulatory mechanisms are affected by one or the other treatment. The present experiments were aimed at comparing morphine effects in CD-1 mice under three conditions, namely, Varimex apparatus (VAR), toggle floor box (TOGGLE), videotape recording (VIDEO) in a home cage environment. Morphine HCI (0, 10, 33, or 100 mg/kg) was given IP 20 min before the start of a 30-min test session. The same procedure was repeated 24 h later. Results of VAR and TOGGLE tests were: dose 10 was largely ineffective; dose 33 induced depression in VAR and hyperactivity in TOGGLE; dose 100 enhanced activity in TOGGLE. There were no differences between session 1 and 2. VIDEO: Univariate analysis results showed that morphine produced a dose-dependent depression of Rearing and Grooming, and an enhancement of Crossing, again without changes due to repeated exposure. Results of Principal Component Analysis supported a response competition model of the changes observed in the mouse behavioral profile. The videorecording (VIDEO) procedure is the one providing the most accurate picture of changes in locomotor/exploratory activity and drug effects thereon, also allowing a more comprehensive statistical analysis of the relationships between various types of response changes.
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PMID:Morphine effects on mouse locomotor/exploratory activity: test dependency, test reliability, uni- and multi-variate analyses. 187 Nov 96

The present study examined interaction between dexamethasone (DEX) and morphine on the locomotor activity in groups of mice by using the activity cage test. Morphine administration (30-75-150 mg/kg, ip) induced a dose-related increase of the locomotor activity of mice, whereas DEX per se (0.1-1.0-10 mg/kg, ip) did not modify the activity of control mice. Pretreatment of mice with DEX 0.1 mg did not alter the hyperactivity produced by the three doses of morphine. In contrast, DEX administered at 1.0 mg reduced the morphine effects on locomotor activity, whereas DEX at 10 mg potentiated the morphine hypermotility. Our results suggest that DEX may play an important regulatory role on the central effects of morphine through a differential modulation of brain excitability systems.
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PMID:Dexamethasone induces biphasic effect on morphine hypermotility in mice: a dose-related phenomenon. 194 48

To estimate the spontaneous motor activity in mice, a new system with highly stable sensitivity and good reproducibility was made, and the effects of five central stimulants were investigated. The apparatus consists of a doughnut-shaped cage with detectors for measuring spontaneous motor activity; i.e., the number of movements, vertical activity, total distance, etc., for every five min. Methamphetamine (0.5, 1 and 2 mg/kg, s.c.) produced an increase in the number of movement and markedly increased total distance. Cocaine (20, 50 and 75 mg/kg, s.c.) caused a marked increase in movement and total distance. Mice injected with 50 mg/kg of cocaine showed long-lasting locomotion with few stops throughout the observation period. Caffeine (10, 30 and 100 mg/kg, s.c.) produced a long-lasting and moderate excitation. Morphine (5, 10 and 20 mg/kg, s.c.) caused a marked increase in continuous locomotion dose-dependently. Apomorphine produced a transient increase in rearing and locomotion at a dose of 1 mg/kg, s.c.; and it produced long-lasting rearing and moderate locomotor activity at 3 mg/kg. These results suggest that this apparatus is able to detect characteristic changes in spontaneous motor activity produced by central stimulants and may be useful for analyzing drug-induced motor activity in mice in more detail.
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PMID:[A new system for the measurement and analysis of motor activity in mice: effect of several central stimulants]. 221 Apr 88

Species differences in affiliative behavior were examined in prairie and montane voles. Unfamiliar male-female pairs were placed in a test-cage for 2 hr and side-by-side huddling was recorded during the third hour. Prairie vole pairs spent a mean of 31.2 minutes in contact whereas montane voles were in contact only 1.3 minutes. In order to examine the effects of experience on affiliative differences, pups of each species were cross-fostered. Fostered prairie vole parents did not survive longer than 7 days, whereas fostered montane voles were successfully weaned; cross-fostering had no effect on their huddling behavior when tested as adults. The effects of morphine (5 and 10 mg/kg) and naloxone (5 and 10 mg/kg) on side-by-side contact were evaluated in both species. Morphine (10 mg/kg) reduced huddling duration and activity levels in prairie voles. There were no other drug effects in either species.
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PMID:Affiliative behavior in voles: effects of morphine, naloxone, and cross-fostering. 255 48

Unrestrained rats were subjected to electrical stimuli applied to their paws via an electrified cage floor. Intensity, duration, and order of stimulation were chosen after preliminary tests. Vocalization threshold and vocalization as a behavioral response were studied. The vocalization was recorded and the signal analyzed by a simple computerized method that calculated five parameters: delay, maximal amplitude, duration, area, and maximal derivative with respect to time. The last four parameters increased with increasing intensity of stimulation and remained stable when the same stimulation was given repeatedly. Sensitivity to morphine (2.5 and 5 mg/kg s.c.) was tested. Morphine raised the threshold and lowered vocalization parameters, and it was antagonized by naloxone, thus validating the method. The sensitivity of the test and its capacity to separate sensory and affective components of pain are discussed.
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PMID:An automated method to analyze vocalization of unrestrained rats submitted to noxious electrical stimuli. 336 26

Intraperitoneally administered morphine induced catalepsy in mice. Morphine pretreatment however, failed to antagonize apomorphine-induced cage climbing behaviour thereby ruling out the possibility of its possessing DA receptor blocking activity. Pretreatment with L-histidine, a precursor of histamine, and atropine, potentiated the cataleptic effect of morphine whilst pretreatment with chlorcyclizine, an H1 receptor blocker, and naloxone, a morphine antagonist, antagonized morphine-catalepsy. Pretreatment with metiamide, an H2 receptor blocker, and methysergide, a 5-HT antagonist, did not significantly alter the cataleptic effect of morphine. The results with L-histidine and chlorcyclizine suggest an involvement of central histaminergic mechanisms in the cataleptogenic effect of morphine in mice. Further, as the cataleptic effect of morphine was also antagonized by naloxone it appears that the interaction of morphine with the central histaminergic mechanisms is mediated through specific opiate receptors.
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PMID:Involvement of histaminergic mechanisms in the cataleptogenic effect of morphine in mice. 612 Oct 29

Beginning at 15 days of age. Long-Evans rat pups were trained to run toward their home cage in a T-maze task. Morphine (.5-1.0 mg/kg sc) slowed initial acquisition running times but did not change the number of trials required to learn the position habit. Morphine markedly impeded extinction of the homing behavior. Opiate-treated animals ran as accurately and as quickly toward home on the 12th day of extinction as on the first (10 trials given per day). Conversely, naloxone (1 mg/kg sc) reduced resistance to extinction. The morphine effect was not state-dependent since the drug also impeded extinction in animals that had acquired the task under saline. The morphine effect was blocked by naloxane, which indicates that the increased resistance to extinction was due to an opiate receptor effect. These results indicate that morphine has a strong capacity to sustain a social habit in the absence of reinforcement.
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PMID:Opiates and homing. 625 Nov 17

Rats administered 5 mg/kg morphine SO4, through subcutaneously implanted catheters, during each of several daily sessions in an open field showed a progressive increase in locomotor activity measured in the open field prior to each morphine administration. Since the increases in activity were not observed in rats given morphine in a different environment (home cage) and saline in the open field, it is concluded that the increases were due to conditioning. In addition, the increases in activity were retained over a 7-day rest period; they were also produced when a second opiate (5 microgram/kg etorphine HCl) was substituted for morphine, were not seen when 2 mg/kg naloxone HCl (ip) was administered during treatment, and were present in rats showing tolerance to opiate-produced hypoactivity. Morphine's direct effect on activity is believed to have a biphasic dose-response curve; therefore, the relation of dose to conditioning was also studied. Increases in activity were the only conditioned behaviors observed; they were present only at the higher doses (16, 4, and 1 vs. .25, .065, and 0 mg/kg), and they occurred whether or not the dose was associated with unconditioned hypoactivity. The discussion deals with the relation of conditioning and morphine tolerance, the question of whether the unconditioned stimulus of morphine conditioning is a compensatory or a direct effect of morphine, and the similarity of conditioned increases in activity produced by morphine and by other stimuli that are reinforcing.
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PMID:Conditioned increases in locomotor activity produced with morphine as an unconditioned stimulus, and the relation of conditioning to acute morphine effect and tolerance. 626 90


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