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Query: UNIPROT:Q86TM3 (cage)
 29,987 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Two molar urea (pH 7.5) and column chromatography on Sepharose 4B were used to separate clathrin (coat protein) from the membrane of coated vesicles from bovine brain. Lytron (polystyrene) particles were used for study of the interaction of clathrin with contractile proteins. Muscle G-actin, F-actin, and alpha-actinin were bound by clathrin-coated Lytron particles, while no interaction was found when muscle tropomyosin and serum albumin were tested. Clathrin molecules dispersed in a solution of 20 mM Tris-HCl (pH 7.5) were found to be elongated. When the pH was adjusted from 7.5 to 6.5, clathrin molecules associated into basketlike or cage structures similar in size and shape to those observed in enriched preparations of coated vesicles. Below pH 6.0, cages or baskets became amorphous aggregates. Raising the pH from 6.5 to 8.0, addition of 5-10 mM ATP or EDTA, or addition of 200 mM KCl resulted in the dissassembly of baskets and the formation of filamentous arrays of various widths. Because of clathrin's biochemical and biophysical properties, its interaction with contractile proteins, and its presence in the membrane of vesicles of various cell types, we classified clathrin in the group of mechanochemical proteins.
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PMID:Mechanochemical properties of brain clathrin: interactions with actin and alpha-actinin and polymerization into basketlike structures or filaments. 3 47

Hibernation was induced in Columbian ground squirrels by placing them in refrigerated cages equipped with urine-collection pans. On arousal, urine and blood were collected from each animal, which was then allowed to reenter hibernation. After several days the animal was sacrificed and bladder urine and another blood sample were taken. In addition, four active non-hibernating ground squirrels were placed in a cage at room temperature with neither food or water. Urine was collected at 9 and 26 hours and blood was collected at 0 and 26 hours. Although only seven of ten hibernating squirrels had a higher blood-urea level when sacrificed than during the previous arousal, the other three had very high levels in the arousal period and probably further excreted urea before entering hibernation. When total body urea was calculated on a body weight basis, all except one animal showed a greater level of urea during hibernation than in the previous arousal. During their period of dehydration, the non-hibernating summer squirrels showed a marked decrease in blood urea. The osmotic concentration of the urine from these squirrels was due less to urea than that excreted during arousal by hibernating squirrels. Thus, it appears that urea accumulates in the blood during hibernation and is excreted in the urine during arousal.
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PMID:Urea excretion in the hibernating Columbian ground squirrel (Spermophilus columbianus). 112 12

Lung fluid balance was studied in sheep under the following conditions: 1) unanesthetized, standing in a metabolic cage; 2) anesthetized, in a supine position; 3) 1 h after extracorporeal perfusion; and 4) either 4-6 h after extracorporeal perfusion (i.e., control experiments) or 1.5 h after left atrial pressure was increased by 15 cmH2O. Lung lymph flow rate (QL), plasma and lymph concentrations for nine protein fractions, urea permeability-surface area product (PS), urea effective diffusivity (D1/2S), and extravascular lung water (VE) were measured under each condition. Bloodless wet and dry lung weights were measured at the end of each experiment. QL increased and lymph-to-plasma concentration ratio for total proteins (L/P) decreased after the sheep were anesthetized and placed in a supine position. This possibly resulted from an increase in microvascular pressure induced by anesthesia and/or reorientation of the lungs. PS, D1/2S, and VE decreased, indicating a decrease in perfused surface area associated with a decreased cardiac output or alteration in lung orientation. After 90 min of extracorporeal perfusion, no significant differences were found in QL, PS, and D1/2S compared with those measured during the anesthetized period. No changes in PS or D1/2S could be detected after an average of 4.2 h of extracorporeal perfusion. The average bloodless wet-to-dry lung weight ratio [(W-D)/D] was 3.77 +/- 0.12, well within the range for normal sheep lungs. An increase in venous pressure of 15 cmH2O produced a response similar to that observed in the unanesthetized sheep lung lymph preparation: QL increased, L/P decreased, PS and D1/2S did not increase, and VE and (W-D)/D increased slightly.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Fluid balance in sheep lungs before and after extracorporeal perfusion. 226 75

The Cosmos 1887 biosatellite carried 10 male rats and 2 rhesus monkeys on its 12.5-day mission. Upon re-entry the Vostok vehicle overshot the designated landing site, which resulted in fasting of the animals for 42 h, exposure to cage temperatures of 12-15 degrees C, and 2 days delay in death of the rats. No overt untoward effects of the delayed recovery were apparent. Tissues from the rats were harvested by Soviet scientists, appropriately preserved, and provided to U.S. investigators. Flight rats grew more slowly and had larger adrenal glands than earth gravity controls. Analysis of plasma revealed increased concentrations of hepatic alkaline phosphatase, glucose, urea nitrogen, and creatinine in flight rats. In contrast, electrolytes, total protein, albumin, corticosterone, prolactin, and immunoreactive growth hormone levels were unchanged. However, testosterone concentration was marginally decreased after flight and thyroid hormone levels were suggestive of reduced thyroid function. Due to the possible effects of reentry and the delay in recovery of the animals, it is not clear what relationship postflight levels of plasma constituents bear to their concentrations in flight.
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PMID:Cosmos 1887 mission overview: effects of microgravity on rat body and adrenal weights and plasma constituents. 229 71

279 male patients consecutively admitted to a medical ward were interviewed about their drinking habits using a CAGE-like questionnaire and were subdivided into teetotallers, normal-, borderline-, heavy-drinkers. The mean values of the following laboratory tests resulted significantly different in heavy drinkers compared with the others: mean cell volume, gamma-glutamyl-transpeptidase, serum urea (BUN), SGOT, SGPT, total bilirubin. No significant difference was found for triglycerides, uric acid, albumin and gamma-globulins. Sensitivity, specificity, predictive values of positive test and negative test, "goodness" were calculated for each of the 6 above-mentioned tests. Each of them had a linear correlation (inverse for BUN, direct for the others) between amount of alcohol intake and level of the test.
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PMID:[Value of some biological variables for the diagnosis of alcoholism in a hospital population]. 286 70

To demonstrate that the anorexia and depletion of cachexia reverses on tumor removal, F344 rats underwent sarcoma resection when their food intake fell to 0 g/day. In survivors of surgery, reversal in food intake was apparent within 3 days postoperatively, followed after 2 days by gain in host weight. To detect whether the transmission of anorexia/cachexia in these tumor-bearing (TB) rats was via the circulation, four groups were studied: single non-tumor bearing (NTB); single TB; parabiotic NTB; and parabiotic TB. The measured blood exchange rate between parabiotic halves was 1.2-1.5%/min. No cachectic effect was detected in either half of the NTB parabionts. There was no evidence of sarcoma metastases in the tumor-free half of the parabiotic TB pair. All the rats associated with the presence of tumor showed cachectic effects but the degree and timing of effect varied among the three conditions, single TB, parabiotic TB half, and parabiotic tumor-free half. In all variables examined (fall in food intake, time of first fall in food intake, host weight loss, elevation of blood urea nitrogen) the severities were always in the same sequence: single TB greater than parabiotic TB half greater than parabiotic tumor-free half greater than NTB. In addition, the TB parabiotic pair had a significantly longer survival time and grew a significantly larger tumor than did the single TB animal. The parabiotic tumor had a slower initial growth rate and a slower deceleration rate than the singlet tumor. These results provide evidence for the humoral mediation of cancer-associated cachexia.
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PMID:Parabiotic transfer of cancer anorexia/cachexia in male rats. 386 7

Age-related changes in the intake of food and water, and the output of faeces and urine were investigated in C57BL/Icrfat mice of 6 and 24 months of age. Animals were singly housed in a metabolic cage for a period of 30 days. 14 days were allowed for acclimatization before the animals were dehydrated for 24 hours. 10 days of rehydration were allowed prior to a hyperosmotic challenge with 3% sodium chloride in the drinking water. The animals were then observed for 5 more days of rehydration. Urine was collected and analysed with regard to sodium, potassium, urea and vasopressin output/24 hours (/100g body weight), and the osmotic pressure of the urine was determined. Data were analysed by a 2 factor analysis of variance with repeated measures on one factor. Significant changes were detected in the control of body weight, potassium, sodium and urea outputs. No age-differences were detected in the intake of food or water, the output of faeces or urine, the urine osmotic pressure or the excretion of vasopressin. However, significant changes in these variables were detected in both age groups on the days of physiological challenge. The conclusion drawn is that in the mouse strain studied, and for the period of the lifespan investigated, there is no age related defect in the secretion of vasopressin. However, there are trends in the data suggesting a decreased responsiveness of the kidney with age.
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PMID:The effect of age on the control of water conservation in the laboratory mouse--metabolic studies. 403 72

Previous studies have demonstrated that the anesthetic amine, chlorpromazine hydrochloride (CPZ), prevents cell necrosis in experimentally induced ischemic liver and heart disease and decreases the extent of galactosamine-induced cell death in the liver. The present model was designed to determine whether CPZ exerts a similar beneficial effect in kidney in a nephrotoxic model of acute renal failure in rats induced by the administration of mercuric chloride (2 mg/kg of body weight). The functional and structural changes in the kidney were evaluated and quantitated in animals pretreated with CPZ (40 mg/kg of body weight) or saline and then subjected to nephrotoxic injury. Compared to controls, the glomerular filtration rate was significantly lower (p less than 0.001) in saline- and CPZ-pretreated rats receiving mercuric chloride. Twenty-four hours after mercuric chloride administration the glomerular filtration rate was 446 +/- 38 microl/minute/gm of kidney weight, the fractional sodium excretion was 0.4 +/- 0.2%, and the urinary osmolality was 1440 +/- 193 mOsmoles/kg of H2O in the CPZ-treated animals compared to 26 +/- 18 microl/minute/gm of kidney weight (p less than 0.001), 10.1 +/- 9.8% (p less than 0.025), and 353 +/- 28 mOsmoles/kg of H2O (p less than 0.005), respectively, in the animals receiving mercuric chloride alone. The percentage of proximal tubule cell necrosis was 26.5 +/- 8.9% in the CPZ-pretreated group compared to 88.1 +/- 3.6% in the untreated group (p less than 0.001). Metabolic cage studies were performed to follow the time course of this model for 48, 72, and 96 hours after mercury injection. The serum creatinine values and fractional sodium excretions were significantly less in animals receiving CPZ compared to the untreated group at all time intervals examined. The serum urea nitrogen concentration and glomerular filtration rate were similar for the two groups after 48 hours, but the serum urea nitrogen level was significantly lower and the glomerular filtration rate higher after 72 and 96 hours in the animals pretreated with CPZ. In agreement with these findings were observations that animals pretreated with CPZ had significantly fewer necrotic cells 48 and 72 hours after mercury administration, and tubular regeneration appeared to be markedly accelerated. These results suggest that pretreatment with CPZ markedly lessens the degree of structural and functional impairment seen in mercuric chloride-induced acute renal failure in rats and increases the rate of recovery.
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PMID:Partial protection by chlorpromazine in mercuric chloride-induced acute renal failure in rats. 623 24

The effects of decaffeinated green tea on CBA mice have been contrasted with those of water during 3 to 5 months of exposure to various intensities of social stress. Intensity was modified by using different types of caging: Henry-Stephens complex population cages for maximum stress, open field population cages for intermediate levels, and siblings in standard mouse boxes for minimal stress. Two population densities were used: high, with 16 males and 16 females per population cage; and low, with approximately half this number. In three sets of experiments, 58 comparisons were made between body weight, blood pressure, pulse rate, scarring, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), adrenal and heart weights, plasma corticosterone, adult male mortality, and number of weanlings of those on decaffeinated green tea and matched groups on water. Twenty-five of the comparisons indicated less arousal with the decaffeinated green tea and in none was the water favored. Blood pressure fell from 150 to 133 mm Hg. These results support the proposal that the polyphenols (bioflavonoids) of tea may have a beneficial sedative action.
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PMID:Reduction of chronic psychosocial hypertension in mice by decaffeinated tea. 653 55

The investigation concerned the digestibility of nitrogen and the content of uric acid, ammonia, and urea in urine and feces in White Leghorn layers. Eight colostomized hens were given a commercial cage-layer diet. Feces and urine were collected under acid conditions. Acidified urine contained more ammonia than untreated urine. For quantitative determination of ammonia, Urine collection ought to be done under acid conditions. Of urinary nitrogen uric acid represented 88%, ammonia 7%, urea 3%, and 2% unidentified. Urinary ammonia constituted 90% of ammonia in total excreta and urinary urea 86% of the urea in excreta. By means of these distribution factors and content of nitrogen compounds in total excreta, good estimates of the nitrogen digestibility were obtained. Our method appears to be applicable to chickens of other ages, sex, breeds, and environmental conditions.
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PMID:Estimation of nitrogen digestibility in poultry: content and distribution of major urinary nitrogen compounds in excreta. 732 21


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