Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:Q86TM3 (cage)
 29,987 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The tetradecapeptide Ac-D-F-L-A-E-G-G-G-V-R-G-P-R-V-OMe, which mimics residues 7f-20f of the A alpha-chain of human fibrinogen, has been co-crystallized with bovine thrombin from ammonium sulfate solutions in space group P2(1) with unit cell dimensions of a = 83.0 A, b = 89.4 A, c = 99.3 A, and beta = 106.6 degrees. Three crystallographically independent complexes were located in the asymmetric unit by molecular replacement using the native bovine thrombin structure as a model. The standard crystallographic R-factor is 0.167 at 2.3-A resolution. Excellent electron density could be traced for the decapeptide, beginning with Asp-7f and ending with Arg-16f in the active site of thrombin; the remaining 4 residues, which have been cleaved from the tetradecapeptide at the Arg-16f/Gly-17f bond, are not seen. Residues 7f-11f at the NH2 terminus of the peptide form a single turn of alpha-helix that is connected by Gly-12f, which has a positive phi angle, to an extended chain containing residues 13f-16f. The major specific interactions between the peptide and thrombin are 1) a hydrophobic cage formed by residues Tyr-60A, Trp-60D, Leu-99, Ile-174, Trp-215, Leu-9f, Gly-13f, and Val-15f that surrounds Phe-8f; 2) a hydrogen bond linking Phe-8f NH to Lys-97 O;3) a salt link between Glu-11f and Arg-173; 4) two antiparallel beta-sheet hydrogen bonds between Gly-14f and Gly-216; and 5) the insertion of Arg-16f into the specificity pocket. Binding of the peptide is accompanied by a considerable shift in two of the loops near the active site relative to human D-phenyl-L-prolyl-L-arginyl chloromethyl ketone (PPACK)-thrombin.
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PMID:The structure of residues 7-16 of the A alpha-chain of human fibrinogen bound to bovine thrombin at 2.3-A resolution. 156 20

Two trials were conducted to investigate the effects of caging density and diet on the performance of caged layers. Diets were formulated contain .775, .725, and .675% lysine. The TSAA content was formulated to be 85% of the lysine content of each diet. Pullets were caged in 25.4 cm wide x 40.0 cm deep cages at three, two, or one bird per cage. Production data were collected for 112 days in Trial 1 and 168 days in Trial 2. As dietary protein, lysine, and TSAA increased, hen-day egg production, egg weight, and feed conversion improved (P less than .05) . Feed consumption and feed per dozen eggs were not consistently affected by diet. Caging density had no consistent effects on any of the production parameters. No interactions were detected between dietary treatments and cage density in either trial.
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PMID:Laying hen performance as affected by diet and caging density. 161 50

A new alpha-amino acid derivative incorporating the 1,2-dicarba-closo- dodecarborane(12) cage, namely 5-(2-methyl-1,2-dicarba-closo-dodecarborane(12)-1-yl)- 2-aminopentanoic acid (2), was synthesized by the alkylation of the benzophenone Schiff's base of glycine methyl ester with 3-(2-methyl-1,2-dicarba-closo-dodecaborane(12)-1-yl)pr opyl iodide (8). This amino acid was employed in the synthesis of peptide derivatives such as 19-21 using solid-phase Merrifield methods. Dipeptide 19 was converted to a water-soluble ionic derivative by the pyrrolidine-mediated carborane cage degradation reaction followed by cation exchange to afford sodium salt 22. Dansylation of 22 with dansyl chloride yielded fluorescence-labeled dipeptide 23. Undecapeptide 21 was dansylated while still anchored to the Merrifield resin. Following its cleavage from the resin with hydrogen fluoride, product 25 was acetylated to block the free amino group on the lysine residue and then converted to water-soluble derivative 27. Trial conjugations of dipeptide 23 and undecapeptide 27 to T84.66, an anti-CEA antibody, were carried out by means of carboxyl activation with N-hydroxysulfosuccinimide and N,N-diisopropylcarbodiimide. Studies of the chemical syntheses of these and other peptide derivatives and the conjugation of 23 and 27 to the antibody are described.
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PMID:Novel carboranyl amino acids and peptides: reagents for antibody modification and subsequent neutron-capture studies. 177 6

Recent studies have revealed a role for platelets and the platelet-adhesive proteins, fibronectin and von Willebrand factor (vWF) in platelet-tumor cell interaction in vitro and metastasis in vivo. The present report documents the effect of thrombin treatment of platelets on this interaction in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, thrombin at 100-1,000 mU/ml maximally stimulated the adhesion of six different tumor cell lines from three different species two- to fivefold. As little as 1-10 mU/ml was effective. The effect of thrombin was specific (inhibitable by hirudin, dansyl-arginine N-(3-ethyl-1,5 pentanediyl) amide and unreactive with the inactive thrombin analogue N-P-tosyl-L-phenylchloromethylketone-thrombin and D-phenylalanyl-L-propyl-L-arginine chloromethylketone-thrombin (PPACK-thrombin), and required high-affinity thrombin receptors (competition with PPACK-thrombin but not with N-P-tosyl-L-lysine-chloromethyl-ketone-thrombin). Functionally active thrombin was required on the platelet surface. Binding of tumor cells to thrombin-activated platelets was inhibitable by agents known to interfere with the platelet GPIIb-GPIIIa integrin: monoclonal antibody 10E5, tetrapeptide RGDS and gamma chain fibrinogen decapeptide LGGAKQAGDV, as well as polyclonal antibodies against the platelet adhesive ligands, fibronectin and vWF. In vivo, thrombin at 250-500 mU per animal increased murine pulmonary metastases fourfold with CT26 colon carcinoma cells and 68-413-fold with B16 amelanotic melanoma cells. Thus, thrombin amplifies tumor-platelet adhesion in vitro two- to fivefold via occupancy of high-affinity platelet thrombin receptors, and modulation of GPIIb-GPIIIa adhesion via an RGD-dependent mechanism. In vivo, thrombin enhances tumor metastases 4-413-fold with two different tumor cell lines.
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PMID:Thrombin stimulates tumor-platelet adhesion in vitro and metastasis in vivo. 184 69

The three-dimensional structure of conotoxin GIIIA, an important constituent of the venom from the marine hunting snail Conus geographus L., was determined in aqueous solution by two-dimensional proton nuclear magnetic resonance and simulated annealing based methods. On the basis of 162 assigned nuclear Overhauser effect (NOE) connectivities obtained at the medium field strength frequency of 400 MHz, 74 final distance constraints of sequential and tertiary ones were derived and used together with 18 torsion angle (phi, chi 1) constraints and 9 distance constraints derived from disulfide bridges. A total of 32 converged structures were obtained from 200 runs of calculations. The atomic root-mean-square (RMS) difference about the mean coordinate positions (excluding the terminal residues 1 and 22) is 0.8 A for backbone atoms (N, C alpha, C). Conotoxin GIIIA is characterized by a particular folding of the 22 amino acid peptidic chain, which is stabilized by three disulfide bridges arranged in cage at the center of a discoidal structure of approximately 20-A diameter. The seven cationic side chains of lysine and arginine residues project radially into the solvent and form potential sites of interaction with the skeletal muscle sodium channel for which the toxin is a strong inhibitor. The present results provide a molecular basis to elucidate the remarkable physiological properties of this neurotoxin.
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PMID:Tertiary structure of conotoxin GIIIA in aqueous solution. 206 51

Adenosine deaminase complexing protein (ADCP), a dimeric glycoprotein, has been reported to be decreased or deficient in transformed or cancer-derived cell lines, indicating its potential significance as an indicator of malignant transformation. A similar deficiency was reported in total homogenates of tumours of colon, kidney, lung and liver. In previous biochemical studies we failed to confirm the consistent reduction in ADCP concentration in cancer tissues. A possible explanation for our findings was thought to be intercellular heterogeneity in ADCP expression in individual tumour cells. To study ADCP expression in individual cells, we developed an immunohistochemical method which was applied to tissue sections. Paraformaldehyde--lysine--periodate (PLP) solution was found to be a suitable fixative. Fixed tissue samples were paraffin-embedded, sectioned and stained for ADCP, using an indirect peroxidase-labelled antibody procedure. The protein was localized in normal colonic mucosa, mainly in the brush border region of the luminal epithelium and in cytoplasmic granules. Intense ADCP immunoreactivity was found also in the basal part of some cells. In cancer cells, three staining patterns were observed: membranous, diffuse cytoplasmic and granular cytoplasmic. The adenocarcinomas exhibited significant intratumour and intertumour heterogeneity in their staining types. Further studies on ADCP expression in colorectal cancer in relation to clinical and histopathological characteristics are warranted in order to fully evaluate the potential significance of ADCP as a cancer associated antigen.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical localization of adenosine deaminase complexing protein in intestinal mucosa and in colorectal adenocarcinoma as a marker for tumour cell heterogeneity. 285 62

Male rats were trained to lever press for food reward on a variable interval schedule of reinforcement. When stable response rates had been achieved they were trained to avoid footshock (UCS) in a two way shuttle box using a compound conditioning stimulus (CS) of tone and light. Having reached the learning criterion of ten consecutive avoidance responses they were returned to their home cage and injected with saline or lysine vasopressin (LVP 1 microgram/rat/SC) after 30 min. Twenty four hours later, the suppressive effect of the avoidance CS on the appetitive baseline was tested. Rats which had been injected with LVP after avoidance training showed significantly more suppression of the operant response than saline controls. The results are discussed in terms of the behavioural substrate underlying the long term effects of vasopressin on behaviour.
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PMID:Post training lysine-vasopressin injections increase conditioned suppression in rats. 666 66

In a first trial, 21 five-week old rabbits housed in individual cages were divided into 3 experimental lots. All of them received the same lysine-deficient pelleted diet but lot 1 drank pure water only, lot 2 had a free choice between a solution of l-lysine (1.6 g/l) or pure water, and lot 3 drank l-lysine only. The trial lasted 24 days. The growth of lot 1 rabbits was significantly lower than that of lot 3 rabbits. The performance of lot 2 animals was intermediate but quite similar to that of lot 3. The lot 2 animals drank significantly more of the lysine solution than pure water (56 vs 44 p. 100). In a second trial, 60 five-week old rabbits housed 5 to a cage were divided into 4 lots. Lot 1 received a sulphur amino acid (AAS)-deficient diet + pure water, lot 2 a balanced diet + pure water, lot 3 the deficient diet + pure water and a solution of dl-methionine (1 g/l), and lot 4 the deficient diet + pure water + another dl-methionine solution (3 g/l). The trial lasted 19 days. Lot 2 showed improved growth due to the intake of the better AAS balanced diet. Lot 3 and 4 rabbits had intermediate growth which approached that of lot 2 animals as the methionine concentration in the solution increased. In both cases, the rabbits preferred the methionine solution to the pure water: 77 p. 100 in lot 3 (1 g/l) and 60 p. 100 in lot 4 (3 g/l). In conclusion, when the diet was deficient in AAS or in lysine and there was a free choice between either pure water or a solution of the deficient amino acid, the rabbits preferred the solution.
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PMID:[Water and food ingestion in the young rabbit given food deficient in methionine or lysine and drinking by free choice a solution of that amino acid or pure water]. 681 36

Effect alterations of methamphetamine by pretreatment of amino acids or their salts on ambulatory activity in mice were investigated to confirm a fact that certain amino acids, particularly monosodium L-glutamate, are added to methamphetamine by the street users, and that the amino acids augment the effect of methamphetamine. The ambulatory activity of mouse was measured by a tilting-type round activity cage of 25 cm in diameter. The amino acids or their salts tested were monosodium L-glutamate, monosodium L-aspartate, gamma-amino-butyric acid, L-alanine, L-lysine hydrochloride and L-arginine hydrochloride. A single administration of each chemical at doses of 1 and 2 g/kg i.p. did not induce a marked change in the ambulatory activity in mice. Methamphetamine 2 mg/kg s.c. induced an increase in the ambulatory activity with a peak at 40 min after the administration, and the increased ambulatory activity persisted for 3 hr. The ambulation-increasing effect of methamphetamine was augmented by the pretreatment of monosodium L-glutamate and monosodium L-aspartate at 30 min before the methamphetamine administration, while attenuated by the pretreatment of L-lysine hydrochloride and L-arginine hydrochloride in a dose-dependent manner. Gamma-aminobutyric acid and L-alanine did not affect the effect of methamphetamine. Similar augmentation and attenuation in the ambulation-increasing effect of methamphetamine were induced by the pretreatment of sodium bicarbonate 0.9 g/kg i.p. (urinary alkalizer) and ammonium chloride 0.07 g/kg i.p. (urinary acidifier), respectively. The urinary pH level was elevated by the administration of monosodium L-glutamate, monosodium L-aspartate and sodium bicarbonate, and decreased by L-lysine hydrochloride, L-arginine hydrochloride and ammonium chloride. Gamma-aminobutyric acid and L-alanine did not elicit a marked change in the urinary pH level. The present experiment confirms the fact in human that monosodium L-glutamate augments the effect of methamphetamine. Moreover, the present results suggest that monosodium salts of acidic amino acids augment, and conversely monohydrochloric salts of basic amino acids attenuate the effect of methamphetamine. The alterations of the ambulation-increasing effect of methamphetamine may be due to the urinary excretion rates of the drug through changes in the urinary pH level after the administration of amino acids or their salts.
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PMID:Effect alteration of methamphetamine by amino acids or their salts on ambulatory activity in mice. 687 1

The hygienic aspects of the various breeding systems are reviewed. The companion aviary is the least hygienic system; the birds are hardest to supervise in this case. Breeding in pairs is preferable from either point of view. Hygiene in aviaries is determined by all component parts of the cage, which are used in keeping the birds. The walls should be smooth and clean. The most hygienic drinking water supply is ensured by bottle-type nipple drinkers provided with a small ball. Feeders should be emptied, cleansed and filled with fresh water every day. A hygienic, dry floor-covering will prevent the appearance of large numbers of Enterobacteriaceae (as well as E. coli) in the intestine. The feed should preferably be given in measured rations. An adult canary should be fed 4 g. of seed and 1 g. of soft feed (containing 20 per cent of protein and 1 per cent of lysine) daily. Causes of death in young birds may be: inferior soft feed, a faulty diet, the presence of pentachlorophenol in the nesting material, infestation with chicken lice (Dermanyssus gallinae), diarrhoea due to a polluted environment (neonatal diarrhoea shortly after hatching), cochlosomosis, drumsticks and atoxoplasmosis. The clinical features and treatment of infectious diseases are discussed.
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PMID:[Problems arising from disease during the periods of breeding and rearing canaries and other aviary birds (author's transl)]. 740 68


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