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Query: UNIPROT:Q86TM3 (cage)
 29,987 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Corneal opacities were observed in numerous strains and stocks of laboratory mice (Mus musculus) from different microbiological environments. The opacities were characterized as acute and chronic inflammatory lesions of the corneal epithelium and anterior corneal stroma, including corneal ulcers and erosions, acute keratitis, stromal neovascularization and mineralization of the basement membrane zone. Some strains and stocks of mice from barrier-reared colonies had a high incidence of corneal opacities [DBA/2 (29.1%), C3H (16.2%), CF1 (16.2%) and BALB/c (10.0%)] while others had a lower incidence [CD-1 (4.3%) and C57BL/6 (4.1%)]. Axenic and gnotobiotic mice had a very low incidence of corneal opacities (1.6%). An experimental study demonstrated that twice weekly cage cleaning would reduce the incidence of corneal opacities to a very low level. A bacterial product, such as ammonia, is proposed as a significant factor in the pathogenesis of spontaneous corneal opacities in laboratory mice.
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PMID:Spontaneous corneal opacities in laboratory mice. 372 49

Staining of 326 rectal mucosal biopsies from ulcerative colitis patients with peanut agglutinin (PNA), which binds to the T-blood group antigen and has been claimed to reflect a cancer-associated mucin alteration, showed highly significant direct associations with mucosal dysplasia (P less than 0.001), disease activity (P less than 0.001), and subsequent development of rectal cancer in a smaller series of patients (P = 0.005). Staining for normal colonic mucin by the Dolichos biflorus (DBA) lectin related significantly and inversely to dysplasia. Intense normal colon mucin staining by DBA related significantly (P less than 0.025) to long disease duration and to subsequent development of cancer (P = 0.02). The latter association is based on a small number of patients only and is not considered conclusive evidence, but may provide a link with goblet-cell hyperplasia. The authors conclude that although T-antigen expression relates to dysplasia, the findings of "false" positive and negative rates of 22 and 33 percent respectively, make it unlikely that staining of biopsy sections for the T-antigen by peanut agglutinin will contribute materially to routine assessment for dysplasia and cancer risk prediction in patients with ulcerative colitis.
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PMID:T-antigen expression by peanut agglutinin staining relates to mucosal dysplasia in ulcerative colitis. 397 94

Infanticide by males was examined in two strains (C57B1 and DBA) of the house mouse (Mus musculus). Males that had contact with a female within the previous 2-3 weeks rarely committed infanticide when introduced to the home cage of a female and her 1-day-old neonates, even when the female and neonates were of a different strain and from a different colony. In contrast, 90% of C57B1 males that had no contact with a female for more than 7 weeks killed pups when placed in the female's home cage, and 60% killed when a 1-day-old pup was introduced to the male's home cage. No difference in levels of infanticide occurred when grouped males were compared to isolated males. These results indicate that infanticide is not dependent upon recognition of the pups or the female, but depends on the male's previous exposure to females. Infanticidal behavior is not directly determined by genetic relationship, but the factors that inhibit this behavior reduce the probability that a male will kill his own offspring.
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PMID:Factors affecting incidence of infanticide and discrimination of related and unrelated neonates in male Mus musculus. 688 39

The effect of varying doses of d-amphetamine on the activity level of C57BL/6J mice (known for their high activity level), DBA/1J, C3H/HeJ, and C3D2F1 mice was investigated (all mice were 25 to 30 days old). Activity was measured by the use of an activity cage with a revolving drum. After determination of baseline activity level, the animals were assigned to the following set of i.p. injections: (1) normal saline, (2) d-amphetamine 0.2 mg/kg, (3) d-amphetamine 0.5 mg/kg, (4) d-amphetamine 5 mg/kg. The mean activity level of the C57BL/6J mice was significantly higher than that of the other strains. The mean activity level after 5 mg/kg was significantly lower than after other dosages in all strains. All strains responded similarly to d-amphetamine as is apparent from the parallel profiles for the dose-response curves. The response of the developing mice to d-amphetamine is at variance with the known response of mature mice.
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PMID:The effect of varying doses of d-amphetamine on activity levels of prepubertal mice. 693 56

HPA 39 is a tungsto-antimoniate compound, closely related to the mineral consensed ion HPA 23, from which it differs only by the presence of a potassium instead of a sodium ion inside the central cage. A single parenteral injection of HPA 39 on the same day as virus inoculation decreased the splenomegaly induced by Friend virus in DBA/2 mice and protected 90% of the infected animals against leukaemia. It also lowered the virus content in spleen extracts compared to untreated animals. The efficiency of treatment with HPA 39 on leukaemic mice at a late stage of the disease suggested that the compound may act at the cellular level as well as by inducing virus growth inhibition. HPA 39 also induced an early decrease of peripheral blood reticulocytes, and of the most differentiated erythroblasts in the bone marrow 1 day after injection of the compound. Mineral condensed ions therefore appear to have multiple biological effects both in vitro and in vivo.
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PMID:In vivo effect of a new mineral condensed ion (HPA 39) on murine Friend leukaemia. 729 68

Altered expression of ABH blood group substances is a common feature of human colorectal carcinoma, yet it remains unclear how these structural changes influence the biological properties of tumor cells. Azoxymethane-induced rat colon tumors display many features of the human disease, thereby providing a potentially useful model to study the role of blood group substances in colon cancer progression. We have prepared monoclonal antibodies to a microsomal fraction isolated from an azoxymethane-induced rat colon tumor and selected an antibody that detects cancer-associated changes. Monoclonal antibody (mAb) 3A7 recognizes a determinant on type 2 chain blood group A (GalNAc alpha 1-3[Fuc alpha 1-2]Gal beta 1-4GlcNAc-R) and B (Gal alpha 1-3[Fuc alpha 1-2]Gal beta 1-4GlcNAc-R) oligosaccharides. Expression of the epitope detected by this antibody was developmentally regulated in rat colon, with maximal expression from day 4-21 after birth. Immunohistochemical staining and Western blotting analyses of azoxymethane-induced colon tumors revealed increased expression of the epitope in all of the 21 colonic tumors examined, including preneoplastic glands within transitional mucosa. Conventional and signet-ring adenocarcinomas that had invaded through the muscularis propria (Duke's B2) consistently showed the most intense staining with mAb 3A7, including regions depicting angioinvasion. Some of the lymph node metastases (Duke's C2) stained poorly with the antibody. The epitope was also expressed in blood group A positive human colon carcinoma cell lines, including HT29 and SW480 but not by SW620, a cell line derived from a lymph node metastasis isolated in vivo from the SW480 primary tumor, or in the blood group B cell line SW1417. The glycoproteins detected by mAb 3A7 in rat colon tumors and HT29 cells ranged in size between 50 and 200 kd, including a major species of 140 kd. Affinity chromatography of detergent lysates of normal rat colon on the blood group A specific lectin Dolichos biflorus (DBA)-agarose resulted in nearly quantitative binding of glycoprotein species detected by the antibody. By contrast, immunoreactive glycoproteins from rat colon tumors or HT29 cells bound poorly to DBA-agarose but were retained by another blood group A-binding lectin, Helix-pomatia (HPA)-agarose. These results indicate that colon carcinogenesis results in quantitative as well as qualitative changes in oligosaccharides detected by mAb 3A7 and suggest that the combined use of mAb 3A7 and blood group A-specific lectins may provide a useful tool for early detection of colon cancer.
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PMID:Monoclonal antibody recognizing a determinant on type 2 chain blood group A and B oligosaccharides detects oncodevelopmental changes in azoxymethane-induced rat colon tumors and human colon cancer cell lines. 753 50

Adult male mice (DBA/2J) siblings were housed three per cage for 6 wk, either in standard cages (SC) or in enriched cages (EC). Both attacks among group members and attacks against strange intruders were monitored once a week within each of 22 experimental groups. According to its attacking behavior, each mouse was categorized into one of three dominance categories: dominant, subdominant active, subdominant passive. Aggressive behavior and social organization were compared between the two types of housing conditions, and the effects of housing condition and dominance category on endocrinological and some organometrical parameters were analysed. The main findings were: (a) Mice in EC attacked intruders significantly more frequently compared to mice in SC; (b) In EC groups the position of the dominant male was less stable than in SC groups; (c) Plasma corticosterone titers (PCT) were significantly elevated in EC. Activities of tyrosinehydroxylase (TH) and phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase (PNMT) did not differ significantly between the housing conditions; (d) TH and PNMT activity were significantly enhanced in the dominant males of SC groups compared to subdominant passive males. Intermediate activities for both enzymes were determined for subdominant active males; and (e) PCT were significantly elevated in dominant males of the EC groups compared to subdominant active and subdominant passive males and also compared to the dominant males in the SC groups. Findings suggest that keeping adult male mice in structured cages can result in increased aggression towards intruders, a change in the social organization, and altered endocrine states, depending on the individual dominance position.
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PMID:Effects of environmental enrichment on aggressive behavior, dominance hierarchies, and endocrine states in male DBA/2J mice. 782 69

Previous studies from our laboratory have demonstrated that chronic nicotine infusion evokes tolerance to nicotine injected IP several hours after withdrawal from chronic infusion. This method may introduce problems related to withdrawal reactions and to stress associated with handling of the animals. The studies reported here measured tolerance to nicotine in mice using an automated radiotelemetry system. DBA/2 mice were infused intravenously with saline for 4 days followed by infusion of a 4 mg/kg per h dose of nicotine for 7 days. After the nicotine treatment, the mice were infused with saline for 7 days. The nicotine was infused continuously or in four 1 mg/kg pulses, two 2 mg/kg pulses or one 4 mg/kg pulse each hour. Home cage activity and body temperature were measured throughout the treatment periods using a radiotelemetry system. Nicotine infusion produced an abrupt decrease in body temperature and activity, but this effect was totally reversed within 12 h in the continuously infused and four infusions/h treatment groups. Mice that received one or two infusions/h also showed a rapid response to nicotine that was reversed as treatment proceeded, but nicotine continued to produce a measurable effect for several days. After nicotine withdrawal, temperature and activity returned to predrug infusion values in all of the groups except those infused once per hour. This group showed depressed activity for a minimum of 3 days after nicotine treatment stopped. Thus, the kinetics of nicotine administration affected the intensity of response during continued treatment as well as activity after cessation of chronic treatment.
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PMID:An analysis of response to nicotine infusion using an automated radiotelemetry system. 786 82

Effects of the enrichment of conventional laboratory housing cages with an additional labyrinth on intermale aggression, social organization, and activations of the pituitary-adrenocortical and sympathetic-adrenomedullary neuroendocrine subsystems are compared between adult male DBA/2J and CBA/J mice, differing genetically in their intermale aggression. Mice of both strains were kept three per cage for six weeks either in standard laboratory cages (SC) or in enriched cages (EC). Intermale aggression against a strange intruder and between cagemates was monitored once a week within each group. Dominance relations were derived from the distribution of attacks within a group. Plasma corticosterone titers (PCT) and activities of the tyrosinehydroxylase (TH) and phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PNMT) were determined for each mouse at the end of the study. The main findings were: 1. Intermale aggression increased in both strains in groups kept in EC. 2. In the more aggressive DBA/2J the pattern of social organization shifted from groups with a single permanent dominant mouse in SC to groups with a frequently changing dominant mouse in EC. 3. In CBA interchanges of the dominant mouse was prevailing and did not differ between the two housing conditions. 4. In DBA/2J mice PCT were significantly elevated in EC. 5. In CBA/J mice activities of TH and PNMT were significantly elevated in EC. 6. Body weight gain was significantly delayed in mice kept in EC in both strains. Findings revealed strainspecific environmental effects on both social organization and endocrine states. The PCT increase obtained only in DBA/2J indicate that alterations of the social relations between cagemates are more likely to induce states of stress than an increase in intermale aggression alone.
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PMID:The cage design affects intermale aggression in small groups of male laboratory mice: strain specific consequences on social organization, and endocrine activations in two inbred strains (DBA/2J and CBA/J). 794 62

Quinpirole (0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 mg/kg) was administered by intraperitoneal injection to pair-housed adult DBA/2 mice. Controls received injections of physiological saline. Effects on behaviour during 5 min social encounters with untreated partners were examined by ethological procedures, commencing at 30 min after injection. Behaviour was examined in an aversive and less aversive situation, an unfamiliar neutral cage and the home cage. Behavioural effects were then assessed in a two-compartment black and white test box. Quinpirole dose-dependently increased the frequency and duration of flight, including the specific element "retreat". At 0.5 mg/kg, the element, "freeze", was also increased during encounters in the neutral cage. Immobility (a flaccid sitting posture) and sniffing of the substrate were increased by quinpirole to a similar extent at all dose levels, while non-social activity and social investigation were reduced. The significance of the effects of quinpirole in the home cage and neutral cage were qualitatively similar; the only quantitative differences were a greater enhancement of the duration of immobility and the frequency of substrate sniffing in the home cage. In the light-dark box, quinpirole reduced the number of transitions between light and dark compartments and decreased line crossings and scans/unit time in the light compartment, although it increased the amount of time in the light compartment into which mice had been originally placed. The induction of immobility and decrease of several active behavioural responses may arise from a D2 autoreceptor inhibition of locomotor activity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Effects of quinpirole on the behaviour shown by mice in the light-dark box and during social interactions. 809 36


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