Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:Q86TM3 (cage)
 29,987 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Eight 6-week-old piglets were inoculated with a strain of encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) isolated from an outbreak which occurred naturally in the Po Valley in 1988. Two non-infected animals, kept in the same cage, were used as controls. Out of the eight inoculated piglets, two died and two were suppressed on the 2nd post infection day (PID), the four remaining were killed on the 5th, 7th, 11th and 15th PIDs. Control animals were killed at the end of the experiment. The pathogenesis of myocarditis has been studied using routine methods (Alcian-PAS, Masson's trichrome, Gomori's for reticulin and Mallory's stain), histochemical techniques (ATPase and NADH-TR reactions) and ultrastructural observations (TEM). All the inoculated piglets showed macro and/or microscopic lesions of lymphocytic myocarditis, only in one case associated with fibrinous exudation. One control piglet also showed myocarditic lesions, probably due to a contact infection. An early myocardial fibrosis was already present on the 5th PID. Ultrastructurally the cardiac muscle cells showed severe myofibrillar losses and other regressive alterations. Only on the 15th PID did we observe calcification of the degenerating myocytes, while ultrastructurally we detected needle-like calcium deposits in the mitochondria from the 5th PID. From the 5th PID in the areas of myocarditis the myocytes showed a reduction and/or absence of ATPase and NADH-TR reactions. On TEM, one or more aggregates of viral particles in crystalline array were detected in the cytoplasm of many endothelial cells.
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PMID:Ultrastructural study of experimental myocarditis induced by cardiovirus (EMCV-M) in swine. 132 99

Pre- and postweaning measures of learning and locomotor activity were used as indices of CNS function after early perinatal neurotoxic insult. Triethyltin (0.0, 3.0, or 6.0 mg/kg, ip) administered on Postnatal Day 5 (PND5) was used as the neurotoxicant. Learning deficits and alterations in locomotor activity were observed during both the pre- and postweaning periods. Preweaning learning ability was evaluated with an appetitive alleyway paradigm, while an automated radial-arm maze (RAM) was used to assess juvenile learning. Preweaning open-field locomotion was evaluated in the presence and absence of homecage litter while postweaning activity was measured in an automated device, the Motron, or as a component of performance in the RAM. The 6.0-mg/kg TET-exposed animals required more trials to acquire the alleyway task. RAM subjects receiving 6.0 mg/kg of TET were less accurate than those given 3.0 mg/kg or vehicle control. TET did not affect open-field activity on PND10; low levels of spontaneous locomotion occurred regardless of treatment. On PND13, there was a dose-related decrease in locomotion over home-cage litter while all groups exhibited equivalent low rates of locomotion in the absence of home-cage cues. All treatment groups were more active when tested over litter than over no litter. In contrast, on PND21 and throughout the RAM testing period, TET-exposed subjects exhibited dose-related increases in activity. TET produced treatment-related decreases in wet weight of whole brain, hippocampus, and cerebellum in both developing (PND23) and adult (PND200) animals with the hippocampus being most affected on a percentage basis. In contrast, no treatment-related body weight differences were observed at these times. The neurotoxicity of TET can be demonstrated during the preweaning period whether a commonly used endpoint in assessing CNS function (locomotor activity) is monitored or a more complex endpoint (learning) is evaluated provied (1) the method used to monitor locomotor activity incorporates both the normally low levels of preweaning locomotion and the more elevated levels induced by home-cage cues and (2) the learning paradigms utilized are appropriate for the capabilities of the animal.
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PMID:Pre- and postweaning indices of neurotoxicity in rats: effects of triethyltin (TET). 671 May 5

Formulas are derived to account for the effect of the mutual inductances, between all meshes, upon the electrical resonance spectra bird-cage resonators, and similar structures such as the TEM resonator of P. K. H. Roschmann (United States Patent 4,746,866) and J. T. Vaughan et al. (Magn. Reson. Med. 32, 206, 1994). The equations are parameterized in terms of isolated mesh frequencies and coupling coefficients, and ought therefore apply not only to simple magnetic couplings used in the derivation, but to electromagnetic couplings as well. A method for measuring the coupling coefficients-applicable to shielded as well as unshielded resonators-is described, based upon the splitting of frequencies in pairs of coupled resonators; and detailed comparisons are given between calculated and measured resonance spectra: for bird-cage resonators, with and without shields, and for the TEM resonator.
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PMID:Mutual Inductance in the Bird-Cage Resonator 925 72

Cage-like nano-tetrapod ZnO is a novel structure, which was successfully synthesized by combustion oxidation at 850 degrees C. No catalyst or carrier gases were used. Thorough SEM and TEM analyses revealed that the linking legs of the tetrapod ZnO can have or not interface. The formation or not of an interface is discussed and it was attributed to different growth process of the cage-like ZnO nano-tetrapod. Enhanced UV emission peak at the wavelength of 375 nm, featuring high intensity and narrow width, indicates a highly crystalline structure. A green emission, recorded at 502 nm, was related to the defects of the surface of the branching configuration as well as to the ZnO nuclei of the cage-like nano-tetrapod ZnO.
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PMID:Combustion oxidization synthesis of unique cage-like nanotetrapod ZnO and its optical property. 1703 67

Micro-capsules normally encapsulate therapeutic agents only inside their cavities. In this paper, we report on the synthesis of dually responsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNiPAM)-co-acrylic acid (AA) hydrogel cages sub-micrometer in size and the use of these cages as drug carriers. The cavity structure of the cages can enhance volume phase transition compared to solid gel particles, thus favoring drug loading and release. TEM images and FT-IR spectra confirmed that the model drug isoniazid (INH) is located in two regions: within the shell and inside the cavity of the cages. The drugs residing in the shell can form hydrogen bonds with the cage matrix, while the drugs in the cavity are interaction free with the carrier. This difference from the residency of drugs exploited to a structure induced drug release which was programmable controlled by external pH and temperature. In vitro drug release studies showed that in a neutral medium (pH=7.4), major drugs were preserved within the shell, while in an acidic medium (pH=1.2), nearly all of the drugs were released due to the dissociation of hydrogen bonds.
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PMID:Programmable delivery of hydrophilic drug using dually responsive hydrogel cages. 1723 81

We have developed a new fast electron diffractometer working with high dynamic range and linearity for crystal structure determinations. Electron diffraction (ED) patterns can be scanned serially in front of a Faraday cage detector; the total measurement time for several hundred ED reflections can be tens of seconds having high statistical accuracy for all measured intensities (1-2%). This new tool can be installed to any type of TEM without any column modification and is linked to a specially developed electron beam precession "Spinning Star" system. Precession of the electron beam (Vincent-Midgley technique) reduces dynamical effects allowing also use of accurate intensities for crystal structure analysis. We describe the technical characteristics of this new tool together with the first experimental results. Accurate measurement of electron diffraction intensities by electron diffractometer opens new possibilities not only for revealing unknown structures, but also for electrostatic potential determination and chemical bonding investigation. As an example, we present detailed atomic bonding information of CaF(2) as revealed for the first time by precise electron diffractometry.
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PMID:Precession technique and electron diffractometry as new tools for crystal structure analysis and chemical bonding determination. 1725 59

Phagocytosis is a complex process involving the activation of various signaling pathways, such as the Rho GTPases, and the subsequent reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton. In neutrophils, Rac and Cdc42 are activated during phagocytosis but less is known about the involvement of these GTPases during the different stages of the phagocytic process. The aim of this study was to elucidate the role of Cdc42 in phagocytosis and the subsequent phagosomal maturation. Using a TAT-based protein transduction technique, we introduced dominant negative and constitutively active forms of Cdc42 into neutrophil-like HL60 (human leukemia) cells that were allowed to phagocytose IgG-opsonized yeast particles. Staining of cellular F-actin in cells transduced with constitutively active Cdc42 revealed that the activation of Cdc42 induced sustained accumulation of periphagosomal actin. Moreover, the fusion of azurophilic granules with the phagosomal membrane was prevented by the accumulated F-actin. In contrast, introducing dominant negative Cdc42 impaired the translocation per se of azurophilic granules to the periphagosomal area. These results show that efficient phagosomal maturation and the subsequent eradication of ingested microbes in human neutrophils is dependent on a strictly regulated Cdc42. To induce granule translocation, Cdc42 must be in its active state but has to be inactivated to allow depolymerization of the F-actin cage around the phagosome, a process essential for phagolysosome formation.
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PMID:Inactivation of Cdc42 is necessary for depolymerization of phagosomal F-actin and subsequent phagosomal maturation. 1751 86

We have shown that copper and cobalt metallosurfactants derived from Cu(II) and Co(III) complexes of a macrobicyclic hexamine ("cage") can form wormlike micelles in aqueous solution that may coexist with or easily interconvert with vesicle structures. The cylindrical micelle structures are unusual for triple-chain surfactants with a single headgroup and are not easily accounted for using geometrical packing arguments. The solution behavior has been characterized by cryo-TEM and SAXS measurements. Both the Cu and Co compounds display viscoelastic solutions at 1 wt %, indicating that such behavior may be anticipated for the full variety of stable metal complexes formed by the cage headgroup, auguring applications based on the incorporation of metallo aggregates into mesoporous silica structures.
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PMID:Wormlike micelles from a cage amine metallosurfactant. 1794 16

Three-dimensionally structured, silica based, organic-inorganic hybrid nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by a simple and feasible water-in-oil (W/O) microemulsion method and a promising platform for bioelectrochemical analysis was obtained. The commonly used phenathiazine organic compound, toluidine blue (TB) was readily captured in the three-dimensional cage of the inorganic SiO(2) network, which was considered to serve as a protective "shell" toward the embedded TB. A TEM image indicated the size of the thus prepared TB-doped SiO(2) (TB@SiO(2)) NPs was 21 +/- 3 nm. UV-visible and IR spectroscopy confirmed successful formation of the organic-inorganic composite and possible interaction between TB and SiO(2), which favored enhanced stability of the hybrid. A sensitive amperometric sensor for hemoglobin (Hb) biomolecules based on TB@SiO(2) NPs conjugated with a biopolymer chitosan (CHIT) membrane was then developed. The surface of the silica NPs was highly biocompatible and the TB captured inside maintained its high electron-transfer efficiency. Dye leakage of TB from the TB@SiO(2) hybrid was proved to be minimal, owing to the inorganic SiO(2) network and the force of interaction between TB and SiO(2). The amperometric sensor had a detection limit of 2.5 x 10(-9) mol L(-1) (S/N = 3) with a linear range from 5.0 x 10(-9) to 3.0 x 10(-6) mol L(-1) for Hb. When it was applied to determine the concentration of a clinical blood sample, satisfactory results were obtained which were in good agreement with those obtained by the standard method.
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PMID:Electrode modified with toluidine blue-doped silica nanoparticles, and its use for enhanced amperometric sensing of hemoglobin. 1841 83

A partially fluorinated carboxylate-type anionic gemini surfactant, N,N'-di(3-perfluorohexyl-2-hydroxypropyl)- N,N'-diacetic acid-ethylenediamine (2C6Fedda), formed aggregates with a cagelike structure in an aqueous alkali solution. These aggregates were composed of several bilayer sheets. The TEM micrograph showed that the bilayer sheets were produced from a condensed self-assembly core. The leaflike bilayer sheets can form folds and link to each other at their edges. The typical size of the spherical cage ranged from ca. 200 to 1500 nm.
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PMID:Nanocage aggregates composed of bilayer sheets. 1845 15


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