Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:Q86TM3 (cage)
 29,987 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

1 Changes of plasma unesterified fatty acid (UFA) and tryptophan concentration in group-housed rats following removal of their cage-mates and the effects of antilipolytic drugs on these changes were investigated. 2 Removal of group-housed 24 h fasted rats but not fed rats from cages resulted in increased plasma UFA concentration in the remaining rats which was associated with significant increases of the proportion of free tryptophan but significant falls of total tryptophan concentration. These rapid changes were not associated with brain tryptophan changes. Plasma tyrosine concentration was unaffected. 3 The fall of plasma tryptophan did not appear to be due to passage into red cells as erythrocyte tryptophan concentration remained unchanged. 4 Plasma UFA concentrations correlated positively and significantly with corticosterone concentrations which were also increased following removal of cage-mates. 5 Plasma UFA increases and tryptophan changes in the fasting rats were both prevented by nicotinic acid or propranolol. Corticosterone concentration was increased by nicotinic acid but unaffected by propranolol. 6 The possible importance of these rapid changes of plasma tryptophan and of their prevention by antilipolytic drugs is discussed.
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PMID:Rapid effects of environmental disturbance on rat plasma unesterified fatty acid and tryptophan concentrations and their prevention by antilopolytic drugs. 116 95

Two strains of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) differ in their susceptibility to the hypertensive effects of dietary NaCl. One strain exhibits a significant elevation of blood pressure after dietary NaCl loading (SHR-S), whereas the other does not (SHR-R). Since differences in adrenocortical steroid production may contribute to NaCl sensitivity, we compared 19-nordeoxycorticosterone (DOC), 18-OH-DOC, aldosterone, and corticosterone excretion in 6-week-old male rats from the SHR-S (n = 24) and SHR-R (n = 24) strains. The rats were housed in metabolic cages (two rats per cage) and given either basal (1%) or high (8%) NaCl diet. Urinary steroids were analyzed using thin-layer chromatography and radioimmunoassay methods. The high NaCl diet elevated the urinary excretion of the four corticosteroids in both rat strains. 19-nor-DOC decreased with time in both the SHR-S and SHR-R strains, and was not different between strains on either diet. Aldosterone was increased in the SHR-S strain compared with the SHR-R strain on the low NaCl diet, but aldosterone was not different between the two strains on the high NaCl diet. Corticosterone and 18-OH-DOC did not differ between strains. These data confirm that 19-nor-DOC is higher in young prehypertensive SHRs and decreases with age. Aldosterone excretion is higher in the SHR-S strain compared with the SHR-R strain on the low NaCl diet.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Adrenocorticosteroid excretion in salt-sensitive and salt-resistant spontaneously hypertensive rats. 162 Dec 63

We recently found that stress increases gastric and duodenal ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity and damages both tissues. The current study investigated whether corticosterone induces ODC activity in gastric and duodenal mucosa in rats and compared plasma corticosterone levels after stress and treatment with corticosterone to determine whether this hormone mediated the effects of stress on the mucosa. Rats were fasted 22 h, placed in a restraint cage, and immersed in water to the xiphoid process for 6 h. Stress markedly increased plasma corticosterone levels; the increase was 10.5 times control and lasted the duration of stress. The maximum increase was observed 1 h after a single injection of corticosterone (5 mg/kg sc) and represented 11.1 times control values. By 6 h, plasma corticosterone had returned to normal levels. A single injection of corticosterone had no effect on the gastric mucosa, but duodenal ODC was increased significantly from 4 to 8 h after injection, peaking at 6 h. Histological examination revealed no damage in either tissue. Administration of corticosterone three times daily for 3 days dramatically elevated ODC activity and produced significant microscopic damage. The surface epithelium of the stomach was disrupted, with many surface cells shed, and most villi were absent from the duodenal mucosa. Corticosterone also markedly decreased DNA and RNA content of both tissues. Inhibition of ODC with DL-alpha-difluoromethylornithine additionally decreased DNA, RNA, and protein content, exacerbating the damage.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Gastric and duodenal mucosal ornithine decarboxylase and damage after corticosterone. 169 1

Five strains of mice housed individually (one per cage) or in a group (five per cage) were immunized with sheep erythrocytes (SRBC) to determine if the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) was associated with altered immune reactivity based on housing. Individually housed mice from two strains which shared neither the H2D and H2K loci, produced more antibody forming spleen lymphocytes to SRBC than group-housed mice. Corticosterone levels were not related to the level of the immune response. Thus, genetic factors related to the MHC do not influence alteration of the immune response which occurs with differential housing conditions.
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PMID:The influence of mouse strain and housing on the immune response. 368 Apr 93

To study serotonergic involvement in the development of gastric lesions following activity wheel stress, three groups of rats (gastric lesions, no gastric lesions, and home--cage controls) were killed following exposure to the experimental procedures. The brains were dissected into eight specific areas and subjected to analyses for serotonin (5-HT) and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) using high performance liquid chromatography with EC detection. Lower levels of 5-HT were found in the midbrain, cortex, and hippocampus of rats with gastric lesions compared to either the no lesion group, subjected to shorter periods of activity--stress, or the home--cage control group. Levels of 5-HT and 5-HIAA were elevated in the pons/medulla oblongata of both the lesion and the no lesion groups compared to the home--cage controls. Corticosterone levels in blood were also significantly elevated in the lesion group. These data on serotonin changes in the CNS suggest a possible role for this neurotransmitter in stress-induced gastric pathology.
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PMID:Serotonergic changes in specific areas of rat brain associated with activity--stress gastric lesions. 619 50

The response of adrenal glands of Single Comb White Leghorn laying hens housed under different population densities was studied. The birds were reared in floor pens until they were 19 weeks of age, after which they were housed in cages. Cage size was 30.5 X 50.8 cm. Three, four, or five birds were housed per cage. Corticosterone concentrations were measured in all birds 48 and 96 hr following housing in cages and weekly thereafter for 6 weeks. Corticosterone concentrations were consistently higher in the serum of birds housed five per cage than in birds housed three or four per cage. It was concluded that in order to minimize physiological stress in cage layers, more than 387 cm2 per bird should be considered.
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PMID:Changes in serum corticosterone concentration of laying hens as a response to increased population density. 651 70

One hundred and eighteen male rats (Long-Evans) were acclimated to experimental procedures (i.e., handling, transferring from and back to "home" cage, body weight and colonic temperature determinations) for 2 wk and then subjected to cage confinement for 3 days before microwave (MW) exposure to 2,450 MHz for 1-, h, at 1-70 mW.cm-2 or sham exposure at ambient temperature of 24 +/- 1 degree C. Colonic temperature increased after exposure to power densities greater than or equal to 20 mW.cm-2 and was the most sensitive parameter measured. Inverse relationships between corticosterone and thyrotropin or growth hormone were noted after exposure for 1 h at 50 mW.cm-2 and above. Pituitary-thyroid function was inhibited after exposure to 20 mW.cm-2 for 2-8 h. Changes in other hormones were transient or inconsistent. Corticosterone, thyrotropin, and growth hormone levels could be correlated with power density or colonic temperature in rats exposed to MW for 1 h; corticosterone and thyrotropin levles correlated with colonic temperatures in shams. Body temperature influences adenohypophysial hormones in studies of MW biological effects.
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PMID:Delineating acute neuroendocrine responses in microwave-exposed rats. 738 Jul 6

Experiments were performed using physiological measures and behavioural parameters to find the acclimatization period in mice to common scientific procedures. Corticosterone levels were significantly elevated in mice killed immediately after being moved to an experimental room (P < 0.05) but levels returned to the normal in less than 1 day, despite mice being exposed to additional stressors such as novel environment, new cages, new bedding material, separation from their cage mates, regrouping, isolation in individually housed mice and a new handler. Behaviours such as rearing, climbing, grooming, feeding and sexual, changed significantly immediately after transportation of mice but most of these behaviours stabilized relatively quickly. In spite of the corticosterone levels, our behavioural observations suggest that even 4 days were not enough to allow the mice to acclimatize fully.
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PMID:Stress measurements in mice after transportation. 760 99

Previous work from our laboratory provided evidence for increased plasma corticosterone levels in mice transgenic for human and bovine growth hormone (GH). Corticosterone was elevated in both sexes, under both basal and ether-induced stress conditions. The objectives of the present study were to investigate the in vitro adrenal sensitivity to ACTH, GH and/or IGF-I in normal and bGH transgenic mice, to examine plasma corticosterone levels at different times of the day, and to determine plasma levels of ACTH in these animals. For the measurement of plasma corticosterone and ACTH levels, transgenic and normal siblings were housed 2 per cage and decapitated simultaneously within 20 seconds of the first disturbance of the cage. The corticosterone production by in vitro adrenal incubations did not differ between adrenals from normal and transgenic mice at the basal level or in the presence of different doses of ACTH. Growth hormone or IGF-I did not have any effect on corticosterone production in vitro when given alone, and did not modify the effects of ACTH on the accumulation of corticosterone production in vitro when alone, and did not modify the effects of ACTH on the accumulation of corticosterone in the media. Plasma corticosterone concentrations were higher in transgenic than in normal animals in both morning and evening. Plasma concentrations of ACTH in animals killed in the morning were sharply increased in transgenic males as compared with their normal siblings. The results indicate that increased circulating levels of corticosterone in transgenic mice are not due to a potentiation of ACTH actions by GH or IGF-I, but rather to a chronic increase in plasma ACTH levels. The increase in ACTH is presumably a reflection of GH actions in the hypothalamic-pituitary system.
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PMID:Increased plasma corticosterone levels in bovine growth hormone (bGH) transgenic mice: effects of ACTH, GH and IGF-I on in vitro adrenal corticosterone production. 867 46

Exposure to stressors can affect various aspects of immune function, including the antibody response. We have previously reported that rats exposed to an acute session of inescapable tail shock (IS) show long-term reductions in anti-keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) immunoglobulin (Ig) M and IgG and a failure to expand Th1-like cells in response to KLH. To further investigate the potential role of decreased Th1-like cells in the IS-induced reduction of anti-KLH Ig, we examined two isotypes of IgG, IgG1 and IgG2a. Isotype switching is under cytokine control. Interleukin-4 helps B cells switch from making IgM to making IgG1, whereas interferon (IFN)-gamma helps B cells switch from making IgM to making IgG2a. In this paper we report that IS exposure reduces IFN-gamma levels 4 days after exposure to IS+KLH compared with immunized home cage controls. In addition, IS exposure reduced the Th1 cytokine-sensitive anti-KLH IgG2a but not Th2 cytokine-sensitive anti-KLH IgG1. This pattern of isotype reduction suggests that a failure to expand the Th1 cell, which results in less IFN-gamma, may contribute to the the IS-induced reduction in anti-KLH Ig. Glucocorticoids (GCs) differentially regulate Th1 and Th2 cells. Administration of the type II GC receptor antagonist RU-486 before IS blocked the IS-induced suppression in anti-KLH IgM, IgG, and IgG2a. Corticosterone (2.5 mg/kg), however, did not produce the suppression in anti-KLH Ig. These results support a role of corticosterone in mediating IS-induced reductions in in vivo antibody.
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PMID:RU-486 blocks differentially suppressive effect of stress on in vivo anti-KLH immunoglobulin response. 894 73


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